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ANT 300
ANT 300 Weekly QUIZs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of applied anthropology? | Only theories. |
| The idea that cultures cannot be objectively understood since all humans see the world through the lens of their own culture is known as… | Cultural relativism. |
| In cultural anthropology, fieldwork is referred to as ____ , which is both the process and result of cultural anthropological research. Select the best one: | Ethnography |
| Active participant-observation is… | Traveling to a location, living among people, and observing their day-to-day lives. |
| Life histories include... | All of the above |
| Like other disciplines that use comparative approaches, such as sociology or psychology, anthropologists make comparisons between people in a given society, but unlike other disciplines, anthropologists also… | Make comparisons that span societies, cultures, time, place, and species. |
| The opposite of cultural relativism is ____, or the tendency to view one’s own culture as the most important and correct and as a measuring stick by which to evaluate all other cultures that are largely seen as inferior and morally suspect. | Ethnocentrism |
| Which of the following are key anthropological perspectives? | All of the above |
| What is the study of how meaning is conveyed at the word and phrase level? | Semantics |
| “Minimal responses” in a language are… | All of the above. |
| Humans use material possessions to… | All of the above |
| Reliance on a single plant species, also known as ______ , can lead to decreased dietary diversity and carries the risk of malnutrition compared to a more diverse diet. | Mono-cropping |
| What is the set of practices used by members of a society to acquire food known as? | The subsistence system |
| What is the most prevalent form of labor around the world? | The unpaid work that is conducted within the household, the family, and the neighborhood or wider community. |
| What are three distinct ways to integrate economic and social relations and to distribute material goods? | Market exchange, reciprocity, and redistribution |
| ________ is also known as hunting and gathering. | Foraging |
| Domestic economy is… | The work associated with obtaining food for a family or household. |
| Small-scale, semi-subsistence farmers make up what size group of people on the planet today? | The largest single group of people on the planet today |
| The ability to do what was key to the human domestication of beans and to “bringing beans to the table,” for humans? | Boil water |
| Approximately what percentage of the world’s pastoralists live in Africa? | 51% |
| Societies that have not developed a state have lasted about ______________ than societies that became states. | 100,000 to 150,000 years longer |
| What are peasants? | All of the above |
| A pattern of residence in which married individuals live with or near an uncle is known as… | Avunculocal residence |
| Residents of a state who earn a living through farming are known as ____ . | Peasants |
| The terms “matriarchy” and “patriarchy” refer to… | The power structure in a society |
| Households may include… | All of the above |
| A family… | Can be defined as the smallest group of individuals who see themselves as connected to one another. |
| What is a lineage? | Individuals who can trace or demonstrate their descent through a line of males or females to the founding ancestor |
| The position of a chief in a chiefdom is… | a permanent political status that demands a successor when the current chief dies |
| American children considering themselves equally related to a mother and a father even if one or both are absent from their life makes sense because most American families organize themselves according to the principles of ….. | Bilateral descent. |
| Cultural definitions of gender that recognize some gender differentiation, but also accept “gender bending” and role-crossing according to individual capacities and preferences are known as… | Androgyny |
| During the 18th and 19th centuries, anthropology was sometimes referred to as the science of… | Race |
| Any effort to classify human populations into racial categories is inherently ____ rather than ____. | Arbitrary and subjective; scientific and objective |
| By 2011, an estimated _____ people in the United States identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, and/or transgender. | 8.7 million |
| Significant genetic studies conducted by physical anthropologists since the 1970s have revealed that _____ human races do not exist. | Biologically distinct |
| Same-sex sexual and romantic relationships probably exist in every society, but concepts like “gay,” “lesbian,” and “bisexual” are _______ that, in many ways, reflect a culturally specific gender ideology and a set of beliefs about how sexual preferences | Cultural products |
| The term that Native Americans have preferred for transgendered individuals is… | Two-spirits |
| Since World War II, important research by anthropologists has revealed that racial categories are _________ defined concepts and that racial labels and their definitions vary widely around the world. | Socially and culturally |
| ________ refers to the process in which an inaccurate concept or idea is so heavily promoted and circulated among people that it begins to take on a life of its own. | Reification |
| What are legitimizing ideologies? | A set of complex belief systems, often developed by those in power, to rationalize, explain, and perpetuate systems of inequality. |
| The McDonald’s restaurant’s “McAloo Tikki” breadcrumb-coated potato and pea patty sandwich in India is an example of ___ or the adaptation of global ideas into locally palatable forms. | Glocalization |
| The “technoscape” of globalization refers to… | Flows of technology |
| Individuals’ “tastes” are actually outgrowths of their ___, or the embodied dispositions that arise out of enculturation in a specific social setting. | Habitus |
| To study supernatural beliefs, anthropologists must cultivate a perspective of ____ and strive to understand beliefs from ___ or insider’s perspective. | Cultural relativism; an emic |
| What is another name for the ideology of free-market capitalism emphasizing privatization and unregulated markets? | Neoliberalism |
| What is cultural appropriation? | The act of copying an idea from another culture and in the process distorting its meaning. |
| What is the series of steps a food takes from the location where it is produced to the store where it is sold to consumers known as? | The commodity chain |
| The concept of “lifestyle,” from an anthropological perspective, refers to… | All of the above |
| Studying supernatural beliefs is challenging because… | All of the above. |
| Religions based on the idea that plants, animals, inanimate objects, and even natural phenomena like weather have a spiritual or supernatural element are called… | Animism |
| What is a term that describes the migration of generally affluent people from urban areas to rural areas for the amenities of nature, recreation, and scenic beauty associated with rural areas? | Exurban |
| What are metacommunicative framing devices? | They offer layered information about how to interpret the ensuing message, and they include codes, figurative language, parallelisms, paralinguistic features, and appeals to tradition. |
| What are extractive reserves? | Community-managed protected areas designed to allow for sustainable extraction of certain natural resources (such as fish, rubber, Brazil nuts, and rattan) while maintaining key ecosystems in place. |
| Under anthropology’s holistic approach, performance also connects to… | All of the above |
| What are examples of sites of cultural performance and performances of culture? | All of the above |
| What is another name for an ethnographic approach in which anthropologists include non-human species as active participants in a society or culture and study their influence and actions? | Multispecies ethnographies |
| What is polysemy? | Settings, situations, and symbols that convey multiple meanings. |
| What is discourse? | Widely circulated knowledge within a community. |
| The following exemplifies what Erving Goffman referred to as “presentation of self”-- | All of the above |
| What is a personal front or the personal front? | Aspects of one’s clothing, physical characteristics, comportment, and facial expressions that communicate an impression to others. |
| What is a culture-bound syndrome? | All of the above |
| What is the biomedical ethno-etiology? | It applies insights from science, particularly biology and chemistry, to the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions. |
| The types of media that media anthropologists study include.. | All of the above |
| Studies by media anthropologists have demonstrated that…. | All of the above |
| To medical anthropologists, what is the epidemiological transition? | The sharp drop in mortality rates, particularly among children, that occurs in a society as a result of improved sanitation and access to healthcare. |
| What is ethnomedicine? | The comparative study of cultural ideas about wellness, illness, and healing. |
| What is participatory photography, used in media anthropology? | A participant-driven anthropological method that enables collaborating individuals other than the anthropologist to actively shape the direction of the research through the conscious creation of media. |
| ___ of the human population lies in an urban environment where infectious diseases can spread rapidly, sparking pandemics. | More than half |
| What are media practices? | The habits or behaviors of the people who produce media, the audiences who interact with media, and everyone in between. |
| What is cultural infrastructure, to a media anthropologist? | The values and beliefs of communities, states, and/or societies that make the imagining of a particular type of network possible. |
| What is a culture-bound syndrome? | All of the above |
| What is the biomedical ethno-etiology? | It applies insights from science, particularly biology and chemistry, to the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions. |
| The types of media that media anthropologists study include.. | All of the above |
| Studies by media anthropologists have demonstrated that…. | All of the above |
| To medical anthropologists, what is the epidemiological transition? | The sharp drop in mortality rates, particularly among children, that occurs in a society as a result of improved sanitation and access to healthcare. |
| What is ethnomedicine? | The comparative study of cultural ideas about wellness, illness, and healing. |
| What is participatory photography, used in media anthropology? | A participant-driven anthropological method that enables collaborating individuals other than the anthropologist to actively shape the direction of the research through the conscious creation of media. |
| ___ of the human population lies in an urban environment where infectious diseases can spread rapidly, sparking pandemics. | More than half |
| What are media practices? | The habits or behaviors of the people who produce media, the audiences who interact with media, and everyone in between. |
| What is cultural infrastructure, to a media anthropologist? | The values and beliefs of communities, states, and/or societies that make the imagining of a particular type of network possible. |
Created by:
Judith26