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Unit 5 Test
Marine Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Life zones | are a region that contain characteristic organisms that interact with one another and with the environment. |
| Marine life zones cover about ____ of the Earth’s surface including oceans, coral reefs, saltmarshes, mudflats, mangroves,estuaries. | 3/4 |
| Life zones include , _______ zone. __________ zone, _________ zone | Coastal, Pelagic. Benthic |
| Mudflats (also called tidal flats | are coastal wetlands that form in intertidal areas where sediments have been deposited by tides |
| Saltmarsh | an area of coastal grassland that is regularly flooded by seawater |
| Mangroves | a group of salt tolerant trees and shrubs that live in the coastal intertidal zone |
| Estuary | location where freshwater and saltwater meet |
| A vast majority of organisms can be found along the ______ intertidal zones | coastal |
| Intertidal zones exist anywhere the _____ meets the land, from steep ledges to long sloping beaches | ocean |
| The two major types of beaches are | Sandy Rocky |
| Sandy Beach zones : splash zone, ________, upper intertidal zone, mid intertidal zone, lower intertidal zone, ______ zone, surf zone | strandline, subtidal |
| Rocky beach zones include splash zone, upper intertidal zone, mid intertidal zone, _____ pools, lower intertidal zones, surf zone | tide |
| Sandy/rocky beach before the splash zone, there is _____ salt spray therefore many species of grasses, shrubs, and trees grow. | less, this is important to prevent erosion. |
| The Splash Zone: gets _____ by the crashing waves, _______ plant growth due to salt | misted, limiting |
| Sandy/rocky beach: upper intertidal zone is _____ submerged in water, remains ____ for long periods, lots of ______ | least, dry, sun |
| On a sandy beach a strandline appears which is | a long line of seaweed and debris left on the beach during high tide. |
| Sandy/rocky beach: mid intertidal zone tides flow over ____ a day, ___ tide exposes many ____ _____, organism must ______ to survive | twice, low, marine organisms, adapt |
| Tide pools are | natural aquariums that allow invertebrates and fish to survive the movements of the tide. |
| sandy rocky beach: lower intertidal zone ____ underwater, life more _____ b/c of protection of water and _____to wave energy | remains, abundant, adapt |
| sandy rocky beach: lower intertidal zone _____ bodies and _____ into sand, in a rocky beach it's dominated by _______ | flat. burrow, seaweeds |
| sandy rocky beach lower intertidal zone is the _____ diverse of intertidal zones | most |
| sandy/rocky beach: subtidal zone is ________ submerged under water, organisms will feed in _____ zone during high tide and _____ i_______ | intertidal zone, retreat in low tide |
| Surf zone: | region of crashing waves and moves with the tides. |
| In intertidal zones organisms ____ for space, _____ predators from above and below to resist drying out from the _____ | compete, avoid, sun |
| Tidal flats found on _______ shore lines, _______ wetlands that form in intertidal areas where _______ deposited by ______ | sandy, coastal, sediments, tides |
| Tide pool found on _____ shore lines and are natural aquariums that allow ____ and fish to survive the movements of the ____ | rocky, invertbrates, tide |
| Tides | the rhythmic rising and falling of sea surface levels. |
| The tides are caused by the_________ _______of the moon on the ______ waters (and the ____ to a lesser degree). | gravitational pull, ocean, sun |
| High tides are formed when ocean _____ out on the side of Earth facing the ____ and on the _____ facing away from it (also called ______) | budges, moon, side, tidal bulge |
| Low tides are formed just as two bulges are the high tides, the ______ flat _____ the bulges are the low tides | shallow, between |
| Tidal bulges are caused by | gravity and the rotation of the Earth |
| Tidal bulges are why tides occur _____ than once a day and at ______ times from day to day | more, different |
| The moon _____ around the Earth in the ___ direction the Earth is ___, it takes the Earth an extra __ minutes to “catch up” to moon | rotates, same, spinning, 50 |
| The earth taking an extra 50 min to catch up to the moon explains why high / low tides occur at ______ times each day | different |
| tidal range | The distance between low and high tides |
| The tidal range varies, depending on the ____ and _____ of the coastline geographical features such as ______, canyons, ______ | shape, depth, islands, reefs |
| Both the sun and moon affect | tides |
| Spring tides are when the sun and moon are both ____ line at times of the ____ and ____ moon is even ______ | in, new, full, greater |
| Spring tides produce the ______ tide ranges of the ____ | highest, month |
| Neap tides occur during _______ moons, when the Earth, Moon, and Sun are at ______ angles | quarter, right |
| Neap tides produce the ______ tide ranges of the ______ | lowest, month |
| Pelagic Zone | The largest life zone in the ocean and covers the entire ocean, above the sea bottom and away from the coastline. |
| The Pelagic zone includes the______ zone and _______zone | neritic, oceanic |
| Neritic zone is ____ to less than _____ deep, the region of water that lies above the ________ shelf, mostly sunlit so ________ can occur | 0, 200m, continental, photosythesis |
| The neritic zone is the ____ productive part of the ocean due to ______ from land flow which provides _______ to plankton | most, runoff, nutrients |
| Oceanic zone is ____ m to more than ______m deep, extends past the _________ zone and includes most of the ______ ocean | 0, 200, neritic, open |
| In the oceanic zone the upper part of the ocean gets light called the ______ zone and the lower part is in darkness called the ________ zone | photic, aphotic |
| We divide the oceanic zone into sections based on _____ and by ______ | light, depth |
| Photic zone most suitable for _____, photosythesis occurs, also called the _______ zone (sunlight zone) extends from _____ to up to _____m deep | life, euphoric, 0, 200 |
| In the photic zone _____ % of all marine life is in the photic zone | 90 |
| Dysphotic zone (________ zone) | twilight, area where light starts to fade, not enough light for photosythesis |
| Aphotic zone (_____ zone), ______m and deeper, _____% of the ocean is in the photic zone, no _____, high _____, and _______ ______ temperatures | midnight, 1000, 90, light, pressures, freezing cold |
| Benthic zone is the ______ floor and just under it, includes the entire ____ floor from the shallow ______ zone to the deep ocean _____ | ocean, ocean, intertidal, basin |
| The benthic zone contains the ______ part of the ocean which is called the _______ plain | deepest, abyssal |
| In the benthic zone organisms are called ______ and are well ________ for life in the shallow or _______ ocean floor, | benthos, adapted, deep |
| In the benthic zone organisms can feed on ______ organic matter called ______ snow or are ______ feeders | dead, marine, filter |
| Marine snow | made of dead organisms, fecal and shells |
| Division of the Pelagic zone is based on ______ | depth |
| Epipelagic Zone, _______ Zone, Bathypelagic Zone, ____________Zone Hadalpelagic Zone | Mesopelagic, Abyssopelagic |
| Epipelagic zone is mixing _______ and ______ ocean currents, _______ up to ______m | warm, cold, surface, 200 |
| The epipelagic zone has plant life of surface ______, and ________, animal life of ______, fish, and mammals, many of the animals feed on ______, 90% of _____ lives here | seaweeds, phytoplankton, zooplankton, zooplankton, life |
| Mesopelagic zone ___m to ____m, exact depth depends on clarity of _____, determining where _____ no longer takes place, ________ zone | 200, 1000, water, photosythesis twilight |
| Mesopelagic zone has very little to no _____, not enough for _______ | light, photosythesis |
| Mesopelagic adaptations | start to see bioluminent organisms to help disguise silhouettes from animals below them, eyes are large to collect any available light |
| The boundary between the mesopelagic zone and the bathypelagic zone contains: | Deep scattering layer |
| Deep scattering layer | zone/layer of living organisms below the surface that scatters or reflects sound waves (sonar). |
| In the deep scattering later organisms use _________ migration | vertical |
| Vertical migration | Organisms migrate daily, rises toward the surface in the evening and sinks again at dawn. |
| Bathypelagic zone is the ______ zone, when light is _____ longer present, ______m to _____ 4000m, water hits ____ degrees celcius, ______ pressure, and _____ | midnight, no, 1000, 4000, 4, high, cold |
| In the bathypelagic zone ______ whales are able to dive to this level for _____ | sperm, food |
| Bathypelagic zone adaptations | Animals are typically red or black in color Only light is produced by organisms (bioluminescent) |
| Bioluminescence | a chemical reaction that produces light in living organisms |
| When animals produce bioluminescence they produce very _______ heat called ______ light | little, cold |
| _____ % of organisms have the ability to produce bioluminescence | 90 |
| The purpose of bioluminescence is ______, defense, ______, distract, and ________. | hunting, mates, communicate |
| Hunting | lure and capture prey |
| Defense | used to hide from predators or blend in to the background in a process called counterillumination |
| Mates | attract a potential mate |
| Distract | used to disorient predators so prey can escape |
| Communicate | share information between species |
| Abyssopelagic zones are _____ ocean and the _____, ______m to _____m | deep, abyss, 4000, 6000 |
| Abyssal zone supports invertebrates which have unique adaptations to adjust to the _____ salinity, _____ temperatures (almost freezing), and _____ pressure. | high, low, high |
| Animals in the abyssopelagic zone have ________ life span due to slow growth rate, ________ and _______ life movements | increased, metabolism, slower |
| Abyssolpelagic adaptations are _____ most to catch food, ______, ____ or black for camouflage, ______, reproduce very _______, _______ for energy conservation | huge, bioluminescence, grey, blind, slowly, unstreamlined |
| Hadopelagic zone _____ m to the ____ of the deepest parts of the ocean, mostly deep water _____ and ______, deepest part of the ocean is _____ ______ in Japan | 6000, bottom, trenches, canyons, Mariana Trench |
| Hapapelagic zone is just above ______ and pressure is ___ tons per square in ( 48 Boeing 747 jets), invetebrates can be found here as well such as _______ (_______) | freezing, 8, snailfish, (most common is flea like crusteansteans) |
| Hadapelagic adaptation is | scavengers, chemosensory (smell), consume large amount of food at a time, gelatinous (no bones) |
| Ephiepelagic = _______ zone | Photic zone (euphotic) |
| Mesopelagic = _______ zone | Dysphotic zone |
| Bathypelagic, Abyssopelagic, Hadapelagic = __________ zone | Aphotic zone |
| Spring tide is the tide with the ______ difference between consecutive high and low tides | greatest |
| Spring tides = ____ or _____ moons | new, full |
| Neap tide is the tide with the _________ difference between consecutive high and low tides | least |
| Neap tides = _______ moons | quarter |
| There are _____ high and ______ low tides each day | 2, 2 |
| _____ pull on oceans creates a tidal bulge | gravitational |
| what color is the most common in the deeper ocean than other parts of the ocean? | Blue |
| Bathypelagic zone has low temperatures of ____ to ____ degrees celsius, and very _____ organismal biomass | 5, 6, low |
| surf zone | The area of breaking waves. |
| life zones | The division of life in the ocean separated into zones defined by depth & light[life] |
| spring tide | Occurs during full & new moons, when the Earth, moon, & sun are aligned. Producing the highest tide levels of the month |
| photic zone | Surface layer of the ocean that receives light. |
| Strandline | A mark left by the high tide or by seaweed and other debris washed onto the beach. |
| aphotic | The part of the ocean where there is little or no light. |
| bioluminescence | chemical reaction that produces light in living organisms |
| Neap tides | Occurs during quarter moons, when the Earth, moon & sun are at right angles. Producing the lowest tide levels of the month |
| pelagic zone | The open ocean as well as water that is near the coast that is not near the bottom. |
| benthic zone | Ecological region of a body of water, composed of the bottom (ocean floor), the sediment surface, and some bub-surface layers. Anywhere land meets water |
| intertidal zone | The area that is above water at low tide and under water at high tide (the area between tides). Also called seashore |
| Dysphotic zone only about ___% of sunlight penetrates | 1 |
| Oceanic zone water is deep, nutrients may be ______, _______ organism live in this zone | scarce, fewer |
| why are tides higher at night? | the moon is out at night |
| Swim bladder adaptation | internal gas-filled organ that contributes to the ability of many bony fish, to control buoyancy, to stay at water depth without wasting energy swimming |
| Chemosynthesis adaptation where sunlight is absent in aphotic zone | which energy is extracted from inorganic chemical reactions and used to make sugar and oxygen. |
| Polar oceans have the adaptation of ______ | blubber to keep organism warm in freezing waters |
| countershading adaptation used in sunlit zones | protective coloration of some animals in which parts normally in shadow are light and those exposed to the sky are dark |
| Animals in abyssal zone include | tripod fish, angler fish, giant squid |
Created by:
AlanaRam1