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How many people lived in Texas by 1830
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Most of the people who lived in Texas were former Americans which caused what?
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Texas Revolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many people lived in Texas by 1830 | 25,000 |
| Most of the people who lived in Texas were former Americans which caused what? | made officials question their loyalty to Mexico |
| The US was westward which caused what? | Mexico feared it would try to take Texas |
| Mexico refused to sell Texas to? | US |
| What was an issue in Texas? | Slavery |
| Settlers did not follow what and feared what? | did not follow guidelines established by the Mexican government and feared that Mexico would eventually abolish slavery |
| What led to conflict between American immigrants and the Mexican government? | slavery |
| Who did The Mexican government allow to bring Anglo settlers to Nacogdoches | empresario Haden Edwards |
| When edwards go to Nacogdoches what did he find? | illegal US squatters and the Cherokee |
| What did Edwards do? | threatened to sell settlers’ lands if they were unable to provide a land title |
| What did settlers do because of Edwards? | angered by his threats, settlers complained to the Mexican government |
| What did the government do after complaints of Edwards? | land grant being canceled |
| What did Edwards then do? | declared the area in east Texas the Fredonian Republic and took over the Old Stone Fort |
| After Edwards took Old Stone Fort, what did Mexico do? | Mexican soldiers and Austin's militia helped put down this rebellion |
| What is the Fredonian Rebellion known as? | the first attempt by Texas settlers to secede, or leave, from Mexico |
| What did the flag say that Edwards flew over Old Stone Fort? | Independence, Liberty, Justice |
| How many families was Edwards going to bring? | 800 Anglo Families |
| Who did the Mexican government send to investigate the conditions in Texas after the Fredonian Rebellion | General Manuel de Mier y Terán |
| What did Mier y Terán discover? | Mexican influence decreased northward Anglo settlers outnumbered Tejanos 10 to 1 differences in language and culture created tension between colonists and Mexicans |
| What did Mier y Teran then do once he reached Nacogdoches? | wrote a letter to the Mexican president that the settlers in Texas were likely to rebel against Mexico |
| What did the Mexican government do in return? | issued Law of April 6, 1830 |
| Law of April 6, 1830 did what? | 1)stopped all immigration from the U.S. 2)suspended all Anglo empresario contracts 3)outlawed bringing slaves to Texas 4)increased tariffs on imported goods from the U.S. 5)established military posts in Texas |
| Who strongly disliked this law and why? | U.S. and Tejano settlers, Stephen F. Austin, Erasmo Seguín, Juan Seguín, and José Antonio Navarro because the felt it would hurt the Texas economy |
| What was the intent of the Law of April 6, 1830 | to increase Mexico's control over Texas |
| What did Mexico want to increase control over Texas? | Because much of Texas’ land was used for farming and relied heavily on slave labor |
| Who was sent to Anahuac to enforce the Law of April 6, 1830 | American Juan Bradburn, colonel of the Mexican army |
| What did Bradburn do? | unfairly imprisoned William B. Travis and others for undermining his authority |
| What happened because Bradburn imprisoned them? | resulting in a clash between a group of angry Texans and Mexican troops |
| During the conflict what did Texans do at Turtle Bayou? | adopted resolutions stating: 1)opposition to the tyrannical Centralist government in Mexico 2)support for Santa Anna and other Federalists 3)pledge to honor the Constitution of 1824 |
| What happened during the conflict at Anahuac? | Federalist General Antonio López de Santa Anna was leading a revolt against Centralist President Bustamante in Mexico |
| What did Santa Anna promise? | to follow the constitution |
| What did Santa Anna support? | sharing power among the states as opposed to having a strong central government |
| Who did the Texans support? | Santa Anna |
| What did the Federalists think? | were relieved to hear Santa Anna was elected president of Mexico |
| What did centralists want? | strong central government |
| Federalists wanted what? | states to have more power than central government |
| While Mexico was fighting its civil war, what did Texan delegates do? | met in special meetings called conventions in 1832 and 1833 |
| What did delegates agree? | still loyal to Mexico |
| What did Texans what Mexico to do? | allow immigration from the U.S., canceling the Law of April 6 make Texas a separate state from Coahuila so that Texans could have their own representation in government |
| Who was sent to Mexico City to present the Texans’ requests to the new president, Santa Anna | Stephen F. Austin |
| When Austin arrived in Mexico city, what did he find? | the Mexican government was dealing with a civil war and a cholera epidemic |
| While he waited what did Austin do? | wrote a letter encouraging Texans to begin setting up their own state government |
| Once Austin and Santa Anna met, what did Santa Anna agree to? | Mexican president agreed to U.S. immigration, but he did not approve of separate statehood for Texas |
| What happened to Austin's letter? | Mexican authorities intercepted the letter Austin had written, and he was arrested and put in prison for nearly a year |
| What was Santa Anna known as? | he revealed himself as a centralist and was known as the Napoleon of the West |
| What did Texans think of Austin's arrest? | worried and angered many Texans, who called for another meeting of delegates |
| What was the debate for the Texans now? | whether they should remain calm and keep peaceful relations with Mexico or fight for their independence |
| How long was Austin in prison and what did he tell Texans? | a year in prison and at which time he told Texans that they should prepare for war |
| What was the first battle of the Texas Revolution? | Battle of Gonzales |
| Why did the Battle of Gonzales happen? | the citizens of Gonzales refused to give up a small cannon to the Mexican army |
| Why did the Spanish government give each Texas City a cannon? | to use for protection against unfriendly Native American tribes |
| When the Mexican government demanded the return of the cannon what happened? | a small Texas militia flew a flag that read “Come and Take It” and fired on the Mexican soldiers along the Guadalupe River |
| What day did the Texan Army attack the Mexican headquarters in San Antonio? | December 5, 1835 |
| Who was the mexican general at San Antonio? | Martin Perfecto de Cos |
| On what day did General Cos surrender? | December 9 |
| What happened on December 10? | General Cos and the mexican army were ordered to leave Texas. The Texians had control of Alamo |
| What did the victory at San Antonio make people believe? | believed fighting was over and they could now form separate stated under Constitution of 1824 |
| What was the Consultation of 1835? | delegates were divided to either declare independence or restore the Constitution of 1824 |
| What was the Declaration of November 7, 1835? | 1)pledged their loyalty to Mexico 2)explained that they had only used force to defend themselves 3)warned that if the Constitution of 1824 was not restored, then they would create an independent government |
| At consultation the delegates set up what? | an ad interim government but delegates never agreed so it fell apart |
| What was put in positions of power in ad interim government? | Henry Smith was governor James Robinson lieutenant governor Sam Houston commander in chief of Texas Army |
| Why was San Antonio a strategic location? | had cannons and was located along the main roads leading into Texas |
| What did Sam Houston say about San Antonio? | He thought it should be abandoned, others prepared to defend the fort |
| Who commanded forces at Alamo? | William Travis and James Bowie |
| Who led Tejanos to fight against Santa Anna? | Juan Seguín |
| Who was David Crockett? | a frontiersman, sharpshooter, and storyteller who was also a former congressman from Tennessee |
| General Santa Anna's army did started to where in February of 1836? | marching to San Antonio to end the Texas Revolution once and for all |
| With the Alamo surrounded, William B. Travis did what? | wrote a passionate plea for reinforcements in a letter addressed "To the People of Texas and All Americans in the World” |
| What did Travis end letter with? | with the words “Victory or Death,” signaling that these were the only two possible outcomes of the Battle of the Alamo |
| When did Santa Anna and the Mexican Army arrive in San Antonio? | February 23, 1836 |
| How many mexican soldiers were there? | 6000 |
| How long did the siege last? | 13 days |
| On what day did the Mexican army breach the outer wall? | March 6th |
| How long did battle last? | 90 minutes |
| What happened at Alamo? | mexican army overpowered Texian forces. |
| How did Santa Anna communicate with Texan Army? | He flew a red flag to communicate there he would take no prisoners and his army band played El Degüello to indicate that no mercy would be shown to the Texian army. The Texans refused to surrender. |
| The Alamo defenders where what people? | were comprised of a diverse group who came together to protect their homes Mexicans who were native San Antonians U.S. and European immigrants who settled in Texas |
| What did Santa Anna think after Alamo? | felt the he had achieved a complete victory |
| Who was Susanna Dickinson? | her husband had been killed in the battle, and Santa Anna sent her to Gonzales to warn the Texians about the strength of the Mexican army |
| What did the heroic Alamo defenders do for others? | inspired other Texians to continue fighting at any cost |
| Did everyone die at the Alamo? | only a small handful of women and children were spared |
| Where did the Constitutional Convention of 1836 meet? | delegates met at Washington-on-the-Brazos to formally declare Texas independent from Mexico |
| Who was George Childress? | credited with writing most of the Texas Declaration of Independence, which he modeled after the U.S. Declaration of Independence |
| What was in declaration of independence? | included grievances, or complaints, that Texans had toward Mexico: no protection of personal rights no voice in government no fair courts grievance on arrest of Stephen F. Austin |
| What day is Texas Independence Day? | March 2, 1836 when Texan delegates signed the declaration of independence |
| What did the Constitution of 1836 create? | divided government into three branches and included a bill of rights (legislative, executive, judicial) |
| What principle is found in Texas Constitution? | popular sovereignty that states government power comes from the people |
| Convention delegates also reformed their ad interim government by doing what? | by waiting until its citizens could elect their leaders and exercise popular sovereignty |
| Who were leaders after Convention of 1836 | David Burnet - President of Texas Lorenzo de Zavala - Vice President of Texas Sam Houston - General of Texas Army |
| What did Sam Houston gain being appointed general of army? | he gained full control over both enlisted and volunteer soldiers |
| Where did Sam Houston head after Convention? | headed to Gonzales to begin training and organizing troops; it was there that he first heard reports about the fall of the Alamo |
| Houston discovered Santa Anna was on his way, so what did he do? | he retreated his army farther east to gain a better tactical advantage and ordered Gonzales be burned |
| How did Texans feel about Sam Houston retreating? | they were angry |
| What did Houston order Colonel James Fannin to do? | evacuate his troops and retreat to the Guadalupe River as the Mexican army moved towards Goliad |
| What did Fannin do? | slow to respond, and by the time he ordered a retreat, Mexican General José de Urrea had managed to capture a Texan force of 350 men |
| Did Texan army win Goliad? | No, Fannin surrendered his men with Urrea’s promise that they would be treated as prisoners of war and would eventually be released |
| What happened to prisoners at Goliad? | Santa Anna ordered General Urrea to execute all Texas prisoners |
| What was the Runaway Scrape? | After the Goliad Massacre and the Battle of the Alamo, many Texans lived in constant fear of Santa Anna and fled their homes as his army approached in a period of flight |
| Where were settlers trying to go for safety? | hoping to make it to the United States before Santa Anna’s army could catch up to them |
| Where did settlers have to get to? | traveling east and crossing the Sabine River |
| What happened to make travelling difficult | Heavy spring rains caused rivers to swell, which made crossing them difficult |
| Why did settlers think Santa Anna would not follow them? | crossing the U.S. border since doing so would constitute an act of war against the U.S. |
| When and what did Sam Houston do to prepare for Battle of San Jacinto? | halted his retreat and spent two weeks training 900 men before setting up camp in the heavily wooded area of Buffalo Bayou near the San Jacinto River on April 21, 1836 |
| What did Santa Anna's army do? | Santa Anna’s army had been in pursuit and chose to camp nearby; it had around 1,000 soldiers |
| What happened while Santa Anna camped? | proved favorable for the Texan army as Houston's military leaders decided to attack the Mexican army that very afternoon |
| What did Houston order to keep both armies from retreating? | ordered that a bridge used by both armies to reach this campground be burned so that neither army could retreat; he’d decided that the revolution was going to end at San Jacinto, come victory or defeat. |
| How did Houston use landscape? | used Texas’ natural landscapes such as its forests, bayous, marshes, and rivers to his advantage when planning the attack on Santa Anna |
| When Texans attacked Santa Anna, what did they say? | “Remember the Alamo! Remember Goliad!” |
| What is the Battle of San Jacinto known as? | Final battle of Texas Revolution, lasted 18 minutes |
| What did Santa Anna do at Battle of San Jacinto? | fled the battlefield but was later found in a marsh and brought before Sam Houston |
| Why did they not kill Santa Anna? | he was the only one with the authority to end the revolution and grant Texans their independence |
| What happened on May 14, 1836? | Santa Anna and David G. Burnet, interim president of Texas, signed two treaties of Velasco |
| What was on the FIRST public treaty of Velasco? | Mexico would recognize that the war had ended and that Texas was officially independent all Mexican troops would withdraw past the Rio Grande Santa Anna would be returned to Mexico |
| What was on the SECOND SECRET treaty of Velasco? | The Texians would immediately release Santa Anna Santa Anna would persuade the Mexican government to recognize Texas independence and the Rio Grande as the border between Texas and Mexico |
| Did Burnet release Santa Anna? | Burnet released Santa Anna to return to Mexico, but after Burnet received death threats, he decided to imprison him |
| Did Texas violate Treaty? | By not immediately releasing Santa Anna, Texas had violated the treaties |
| Did Mexican government accept the treaties? | The Mexican government refused to accept the treaties and recognize Texas independence since Santa Anna was a prisoner when he signed them |
| Did treaties go into effect? | The treaties never went into effect, and Mexico still considered Texas to be in rebellion |
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