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AP English Rhet. II
AP English Rhetorical Terms Elegiac-Zeugma
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Elegiac | Mournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone. |
| Epigram | A brief witty statement |
| Ethos | A Greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals |
| Explication of text | Explanation of a text's meaning through an analysis of all of its constituent parts, including the literary devices used |
| Facts | Information that is true or demonstrable |
| Figurative Language | The use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect |
| Figure of speech | An expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning |
| Fragment | A word, phrase, or clause that does not form a full sentence |
| Hortatory | Urging, or strongly encouraging |
| Hyperbole | Exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis |
| Imagery | Vivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses |
| Imperative sentence | A sentence that requests or commands |
| Induction | Reasoning from specific to general |
| Inversion | A sentence in which the verb precedes the subject |
| Irony | A contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result |
| Juxtaposition | Placement of two things side by side for emphasis |
| Logos | A Greek term that means "word"; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals |
| Metaphor | A figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison |
| Metonymy | Use of an aspect of something to represent the whole |
| Modifier | A word, phrase, or clause that qualifies or describes another word, phrase, or clause. |
| Narration | Retelling an even or series of events |
| Nominalization | Turning a verb or adjective into a noun |
| Occasion | An aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing |
| Omniscient Narrator | An all-knowing, usually third person narrator |
| Oxymoron | A figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms |
| Pacing | The relative speed or slowness witch which a story is told or an idea is presented |
| Paradox | A statement that seems contradictory but is actually true |
| Parallelism | The repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns |
| Parody | A piece that imitates an exaggerates the prominent features of another; use for comic effect or ridicule |
| Pathos | A Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion |
| Periodic Sentence | A sentence that builds toward and ends with the main clause |
| Persona | The speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing |
| Personification | Assigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects |
| Polemic | An argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion |
| Polysyndeton | The deliberate use of a series of conjunctions |
| Premise; major, minor | Two parts of syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise |
| Pronoun | A word used to replace a noun or noun phrase |
| Propaganda | A negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information |
| Purpose | One's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing |
| Refute | To discredit and argument, particularly a counterargument |
| Rhetoric | The study of effective persuasive language use; according to Aristotle, use of the "available means of persuasion" |
| Rhetorical modes | Patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose |
| Rhetorical Question | A question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer |
| Rhetorical triangle | A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience |
| Satire | An ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it |
| Scheme | A pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect |
| Sentence patterns | The arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions--such as simple, complex, compound, or compound-complex. |
| Sentence Variety | Using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect. |
| Simile | A figure of speech that uses "like" or "as" |
| Simple sentence | A statement containing a subject and predicate; an independent clause |
| Source | A book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information. |
| Speaker | A term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing |
| Straw Man | A logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position misrepresenting, then attacking an opponent's position. |
| Style | The distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech. |
| Subject | In rhetoric, the topic addressed in a piece of writing |
| Subordinate clause | Created by a subordination conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause |
| Subordination | The dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence |
| Syllogism | A form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and minor premise |
| Syntax | Sentence structure |
| Synthesize | Combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex |
| Thesis | 3The central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer |
| Thesis statement | A statement of the central idea in a work, may be explicit or implicit |
| Tone | The speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience |
| Topic sentence | A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis |
| Trope | Artful diction; the use of language in a non-literal way; also called a figure of speech |
| Understatement | Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect |
| Voice | In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun. In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing |
| Zeugma | A construction in which one word modifies or governs tow or more words in a sentence |
Created by:
taylork
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