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Unit 4 Traits & Rep

Unit 4 Traits & Reproduction

TermDefinition
feature a characteristic that all members of a species have
trait a specific characteristic of an individual organism
variation any difference in traits between individual organisms
offspring an organism produced as a result of reproduction
nucleus the part of a cell where genes are found
gene an instruction for making a protein molecule
allele a specific form of a gene that provides instructions for making a particular protein molecule - also known as a gene version
DNA a type of molecule that genes and chromosomes are made of
chromosome a long piece of DNA that contains many genes
ribosome the parts of the cell that build protein molecules based on instructions from genes
mutation a random change to a gene that sometimes results in a new trait
homozygous having gene versions that are the same
heterozygous having gene versions that are different
sexual reproduction the process in which two parents pass on their genes to create offspring
inherit to receive genes from a parent
fertilization when a male and a female reproductive cell combine to create an offspring
genetics The study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring.
dominant trait A genetic factor that blocks another genetic factor.
recessive trait A genetic factor that is blocked by the presence of a dominant factor.
incomplete dominance An inheritance pattern in which an offspring’s phenotype is a combination of the parents’ phenotypes.
co-dominance An inheritance pattern in which both alleles can be observed in a phenotype.
polygenic inheritance An inheritance pattern in which multiple genes determine the phenotype of a trait.
natural selection The process by which organisms with variations that help them survive in their environment live longer, compete better, and reproduce more than those that do not have the variation.
selective breeding The selection and breeding of organisms for desired traits.
adaptation An inherited trait that increases an organism’s chance of surviving and reproducing in a particular environment.
multiple alleles three or more alleles for a particular gene
genotype An organism’s complete set of genes
phenotype How a trait appears or is expressed
asexual reproduction The process where a new individual is produced from a single parent, resulting in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.
Punnett Squares A diagram used in genetics to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a cross between two individuals.
Haploid A cell which has one complete set (half) of chromosomes.
Diploid A cell that contains two complete sets (full) of chromosomes, one from each parent.
Created by: RWare
 

 



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