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biology exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why are viruses unable to perform any metabolic functions independently? | they lack cell organelles |
| A cell is unable to synthesize proteins. What most likely caused this? | the ribosomes have been destroyed |
| Membrane-bound organelles would be found in which type of cells? | eukarotic cells only |
| A student observes four cells under a microscope. The table summarizes the presence of structures in each cell. Which cell is most likely a eukaryotic cell? | cell y |
| The graph shows the action of trypsin at different pH levels. based on the data what can be concluded | Trypsin works best around a pH of 8. |
| Which statement best describes the role of the plasma membrane in osmosis? | it is permeable to water molecules so they can diffuse freely into and out of the cell. |
| compare the two processes described in the table. which term accuratley describes the process | A Process 1: Active Transport Process 2: Passive Transport |
| Which process describes the energy transformation that takes place during photosynthesis? | conversion of light energy to chemical energy |
| When athletes run long distances, their muscles become fatigued due to a lack of oxygen. Which process helps athletes generate more energy to continue running? | anaerobic respiration |
| The table contains information about two biochemical processes. What titles should be placed at the top of each column to represent the processes described in the table? | X - aerobic respiration; Y - anaerobic respiration |
| By what process do organisms that contain chlorophyll use solar energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into compounds containing chemical energy? | photosynthesis |
| The graph shows the relationship of photosynthesis with temperature. At what temperature is the rate of photosynthesis the highest? | 25 c |
| which organelle and function are accurately paired for the process of cellular respiration? | mitochondria: converts the energy in glucose into cellular energy |
| The table describes the functions of several plant cell organelles.Which description should be added to the table as the function of the chloroplast? | makes sugars |
| A molecule is transported by both active and passive transport within a cell. The presence of which other molecule distinguishes active transport from passive transport? | ATP |
| Examine the diagram that shows a container divided into sections by a semi-permeable membrane.What will happen to the container over time? | the water will diffuse from section 1 into section 2 until the concentration of water is balanced |
| Students conducted an experiment to determine if water temperature affects the rate of photosynthesis in pondweed. They collected the data shown in the table. Which conclusion can be defended based upon this data? | Photosynthesis in pondweed is at its highest rate of productivity at 30 C. o |
| A student listed some differences between photosynthesis and respiration. Which differences did the student list incorrectly? | 1, 4, 5 |
| which part of cellular respiration takes place in the cytoplasm? | glycolysis |
| after testing the doctor finds that these symptoms are all related to a chronic lack of energy in some of the patients cells Based on this evidence a malfunction in what organelle is responsible | mitochondira |
| Which organelles produce ATP molecules? | chlorplast and mitochndria |
| Which statement most accurately describes bacterial cells? | bacterial cells have DNA, but they do not have a nucleus. |
| Examine the list of cell characteristics. Which characteristics are true for prokaryotic cells? | 1 2 4 and 6 |
| Viruses are simple particles that contain either DNA or RNA protected by a protein coat. Which statement best suggests why viruses must have host cells to replicate their genetic materials and build new particles? | they lack enzymes necessary to carry out metabolic reactions. |
| A Venn diagram can be used to compare and contrast a prokaryote with a virus. Which characteristics should be placed in sections F and G of the Venn diagram? | F: reproduces independently; G: contain genetic material |
| The chart lists a few structural characteristics of viruses. viruses based on the information, which characteristic explains why viruses are unable to reproduce on their own? | charcteistic 4 |
| research provides evidence that the HIV virus requires a host to carry out its metabolic activities. Which evidence supports that the HIV virus is nonliving? | it lacks food-producing or energy-producing cell organelles. |
| Scientists wanted to determine the effect of pH on the hatching of dragonfly eggs. Groups of 100 eggs were placed in three separate containers of water with either a pH of 4, 7, or 9. What is the independent variable in this experiment? | the ph of the water |
| Mary hypothesizes that the enzyme X is inhibited at pH levels of 8.0 and higher. She designs an experiment to verify her hypothesis. What mustbe a part of this experiment's design? | measuring the activity of enzyme X at pH levels 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, and 10.0 |
| A long chain of which subunit makes up a protein? | amino acid |
| Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of bicarbonates from carbon dioxide and water in red blood cells at an optimum temperature of 37°C.. What will most likely happen if the temperature is increased to 40°C? | biocarnates will be formed at a slower rate. |
| Which statement about active transport is most accurate? | active transport utilizes energy from ATP molecules. |
| which process involves the movement of molecules across the plasma membrane from areas of high to low concentration without any assistance or energy from the cell? | diffusion |
| Glucose is a large molecule that needs help entering a cell. Which is the most likely pathway glucose will take to enter the cell? | Glucose will pass through protein channels in a process called facilitated diffusion. |
| A student places a cell with an initial 5% salt concentration into a solution with a 50% salt concentration. What is most likely to happen and why? | water will move out of the cell because there is more water inside the cell than outside. |
| A student experiments with two solutions containing the same solute concentrations in a beaker that is divided by a semipermeable membrane In which direction will the water move so that the concentrations of the solutions remain constant | in both directions at the same rates |
| A cell having a 15% glucose solution is placed into a beaker filled with distilled water. Assume the cell membrane is impermeable to sugars. What will be the result? | the cell will swell as water enters by osmosis. |
| the diagram shows four types of transport. Which process requires energy and is necessary for maintaining homeostasis? | k |
| the table describes two chemical reactions that take place only in certain autotrophic organisms. Which statement describes the relationship between the two chemical reactions? | reaction A takes place first because its products are needed for Reaction B. |
| The light-dependent reactions are powered by energy from sunlight. Products W and X of these light-dependent reactions are required for the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis. What are the identities of molecules W and X? | atp and NADPH |
| Where do photosynthetic organisms get the energy needed to make glucose molecules? | chloroplasts capture solar energy and convert it to the ATP and NADPH that are used to make glucose molecules. |
| Which statement about the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is correct? | carbon dioxide is a reactant, and oxygen is a product. |
| to study photosynthesis in plants, students subject an elodea plant to different light intensities and record the number of oxygen bubbles produced per minute. Based on the observations, the students conclude that light is essential for photosynthesis. | the rate of photosynthesis increases as light intensity increases up to a specific intensity. |
| the diagram shows the process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in relation to each other. What can be concluded from the diagram? | light energy is is converted into chemical energy in photosynthesis. |
| the image shows a missing link denoted by a “?” that connects the light-dependent and the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis. Which option correctly identifies the missing link? | ATP + NADPH; energy is required for the formation of glucose. |
| Which statement best describes photosynthesis and respiration? | autotrophs carry out photosynthesis, while autotrophs and heterotrophs carry out respiration. |
| How are the reactions of photosynthesis and cellular respiration interconnected | the reactions are opposites of one another, each using the products of the other as reactants. |
| How is respiration different from photosynthesis? | respiration takes place in all living things. |
| Which statement best describes cellular respiration? | it is the conversion of food energy into a more usable form. |
| Which statement is an accurate comparison of aerobic and anaerobic respiration in humans? | aerobic respiration occurs in the cytoplasm and mitochondria, whereas anaerobic respiration occurs only in the cytoplasm |
| During strenuous exercise, an athlete feels muscle pain. Which statement correctly describes the reason for the muscle pain? | the muscles experience oxygen deficiencies, leading to the breakdown of glucose into lactic acid that accumulates in the muscles to cause pain. |
| Two people are exercising at a gym. Person X notices a burning sensation in several muscles, while person Y does not feel any discomfort at all. Why are these two people feeling different sensations? | person X is breaking down glycogen through anaerobic respiration and is producing more lactic acid than person Y. |
| the diagram illustrates the movement of materials needed in a process essential for organism survival. Based on the materials involved, which process is illustrated? | photosynthesis in the chlorplast |
| What would be a density-independent limiting factor affecting a population of deer in a coastal ecosystem? | a category 2 hurricane strikes the coast, making landfall in the area where the deer live. |
| A small group of rabbits is introduced to an isolated island where they have no natural predators. What type of population growth curve will this rabbit population exhibit over a long period of time? | logistic (S-shaped) population growth |
| there were 10,000 spotted owls 500 barred owls. species competed w/ each other for resources. scientist saw the spotted owl pop- reduce to 8,000 in a year time, the barred owl pop- stayed same. What factor caused the decline in the pop- spotted owls? | disease outbreak |
| a particular ecosystem experiences a period of substantially below-normal rainfall. Which trophic level in the ecosystem will be most immediately affected by this change in abiotic factors? | the producers; they form the base of food pyramids in the ecosystem. |
| the graph shows the trend in population growth of carp in a pond over a period of time. What explains the trend observed in the stable equilibrium phase? | the carp population fluctuates around its carrying capacity. |
| there are a great number of factors that can have an impact on the rate of growth of a population. What factors could create the population growth illustrated in this graph of population vs. time? | a population newly introduced to an area, showing moderate birth rates, which has not yet fully utilized the resources in its new habitat |
| The diagram shows a simple grassland food web. The populations of which organisms would be directly affected by a sudden decrease in the populations of grasshoppers and butterflies in the food web? | frogs and thrushes |
| A food chain is shown. Heavy rainfall and flooding caused shrews to migrate to another region, but it increased the grass cover in a region. What effect will this have on the populations of grasshoppers and owls? | The population of grasshoppers increases, and the population of owls decreases. |
| analyze the river food web to answer the question. Which organism would be affected the most if pollution killed off the freshwater shrimp population? | leech |
| examine the food web to answer the question. If disease rapidly kills off the rabbit and deer populations, what will most likely happen to the mountain lion population? | it will decrease because they will compete with hawks for snakes and shrews. |
| The sunfish population in a local lake was monitored over several years. What limiting factor is most likely responsible for the change occurring at Point X in the graph? | decreased food supply |
| The graphs show the activity of an enzyme at different pH levels and temperatures. What can be inferred by looking at the two graphs? | The enzyme works best at a pH of 6 and a temperature of 20°C. |
| enzymes are critical to metabolic function and maintenance of homeostasis in the cell. What does the diagram illustrate about enzyme function? | the binding of the substrate to the enzyme is facilitated by the shape of the enzyme’s active site, which is specific for the substrate it binds. |
| the diagram shows a model that represents steps during the process of enzyme activity. Which statement is true about the model? | m and N represent the substrates, and T represents the enzyme. |
| study the process shown in the diagram. Molecule Y is a member of which class of biological macromolecules? | proteins |
| The incoming molecule labeled Y binds to the region of the enzyme labeled Z as shown in the diagram. What term is given to the region labeled Z? | active site |
| graph shows the difference in the amount of activation energy needed to start a reaction in a cell both with and without the presence of a catalyst. What type of molecule are catalysts, and how do they impact the energy needed for chemical reactions? | the molecules are proteins, and they lower the activation energy. |
Created by:
caroline.curry