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Bio Ch 2

QuestionAnswer
Which of the following statements best summarizes an important consequence of the first law of thermodynamics for living organisms? Each organism ultimately must obtain all of the necessary energy for life from its environment.
Research indicates that ibuprofen, a drug used to relieve inflammation and pain, is a mixture of two enantiomers; what are enantiomers? Molecules that are mirror images of each other.
How many molecules of water are required for the polymerization of a 22 monomer-long cellulose molecule? 21
A clasping handshake may be used as an analogy for an enzyme-catalyzed reaction because it represents the specific manner in which an enzyme... binds substrate
Which of the following unique feature of carbon allows it to support life on Earth? Carbon can form a variety of bonds in nature.
How does a noncompetitive inhibitor decrease the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction? by binding to an allosteric site, thus changing the shape of the active site of the enzyme
The "flow of genetic information" in molecular biology follows the following path... DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein
Ovalbumin, the egg white protein is denatured in scrambled egg. Which of the following is not affected? primary structure of ovalbumin
Which of the following statements best describes an exergonic reaction? The reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy.
OH+H=H2O peptide bond
Which of the following terms best describes a chemical reaction for which ΔG is positive? endergonic
Which of the following statements describes the interaction of water molecules with phospholipids? The polar heads interact with water; the nonpolar tails do not.
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of anabolic pathways? They consume energy to build up polymers from monomers.
Why can humans digest starch but not cellulose? Humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the α-glycosidic linkages of starch but not the β-glycosidic linkages of cellulose.
Organic chemistry is currently defined as... the study of carbon compounds
Which of the following statements best describes metabolism in its entirety in all organisms? Metabolism consists of all the energy transformation reactions in an organism.
When chemical, transport, or mechanical work is performed by an organism, what happens to the heat that is generated? It is lost to the environment.
Which of the following characteristics is responsible for the complexity and variety of organic molecules? the chemical versatility of carbon atoms
Some bacteria are metabolically active in hot springs because... their enzymes have high optimal temperatures
In addition to activating or inhibiting enzymes through allosteric regulation, which of these mechanisms do cells also use to control enzymatic activity? localization of enzymes into specific organelles or membranes
Which statement about unsaturated fats is true? They have double bonds in their fatty acid chains.
Which of the following statements best describes enzyme function? Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering activation energy barriers.
Which chemical change will convert ADP to ATP? by adding energy and a phosphate
Which polysaccharide is an important component in the structure of many animal and fungal cells? chitin
Which of the following statements about lipids is true? Lipids mix poorly with water.
Which of the following characteristics is most likely to be associated with an enzyme that catalyzes two different chemical reactions? The enzyme has two distinct active sites.
An amino acid is to a protein as a glucose molecule is to... glycogen
People who are lactose intolerant cannot extract energy from milk because... an enzyme is not functioning correctly
Which of the following statements best describes the central role that ATP plays in cellular metabolism? ATP provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions.
Which of the following best compares dehydration reactions and hydrolysis? Dehydration reactions assemble polymers; hydrolysis reactions break polymers apart.
The results from Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments can best be used to support which of the following hypotheses? organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on early Earth
Which of the following terms most precisely identifies the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones? catabolism (catabolic pathways)
Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids? carboxyl and amino groups
A decrease in entropy is associated with which of the following types of reaction? dehydration
Which of the following statements is correct regarding starch and cellulose? They are polymers of glucose.
Which of the following can be used to predict the 3-D structure of the protein? sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain
ATP is necessary for life because... it is the principle energy carrying molecule in a cell
The term insoluble fiber on food packages refers to which of the following molecules? cellulose
Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes this sentence: Catabolism is to anabolism as...is to..... exergonic; endergonic
Created by: laxgirl
 

 



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