Maintaining a stable or "balanced" internal environment

Requires NO energy, Movement from high to low concentration with the concentration gradient (High to Low goes WITH the flow)

A type of Passive transport, movement of SMALL molecules from high to low concentration with the gradient

Facilitated Diffusion

A type of Passive transport, movement of LARGE molecules through protein channels from high to low concentrations with the gradient

A type of Passive transport, diffusion of WATER through a selectively permeable membrane from high to low water concentrations with the gradient

the movement of molecules from low to high concentrations, against the gradient, using ATP Energy, includes Pumps, Endocytosis, and Exocytosis

a protein that allows the transport of specific substances across a cell membrane, found in BOTH passive and active transport

Sugar-Phosphate backbone

a repeating pattern of sugar-phosphate that make up the backbone of DNA, They do NOT code for traits

Hydrogen bonds in DNA

hold base pairs together; They do NOT code for traits

The order of these codes for traits; Include Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine (A,T,C,G)

the process of making a copy of DNA, used to make more cells in the cell cycle

Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for nuclear division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases

part of Interphase when DNA is copied or synthesized

M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis)

Cell or Nuclear Division, creates 2 IDENTICAL SOMATIC daughter cells

A nondividing/ resting phase in which a cell has left the cell cycle.

any tumor caused by uncontrolled cell division when cells skip G0

division of the cytoplasm to form two separate identical daughter cells

Produces 4 unique, haploid gametic cells for sexual reproduction

Chromosomes exchanging of segments of DNA, increasing genetic diversity

Independent assortment

Chromosomes randomly separating into daughter cells

Creates proteins. Includes: 1.) Transcription - DNA --> mRNA 2.) Translation - mRNA --> amino acid chain

A type of Frameshift mutation that removes one or more nitrogen bases resulting in many amino acid changes after mutation

A type of Frameshift mutation that adds one or more nitrogen bases resulting in many amino acid changes after mutation

A type of Point mutation that swaps one or more nitrogen bases, sometimes results in amino acid changes

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Fall Exam Vocab Pt.2

Includes Cell Transport, DNA, and Cell Cycle

Question	Answer
Homeostasis	Maintaining a stable or "balanced" internal environment
Passive Transport	Requires NO energy, Movement from high to low concentration with the concentration gradient (High to Low goes WITH the flow)
Diffusion	A type of Passive transport, movement of SMALL molecules from high to low concentration with the gradient
Facilitated Diffusion	A type of Passive transport, movement of LARGE molecules through protein channels from high to low concentrations with the gradient
Osmosis	A type of Passive transport, diffusion of WATER through a selectively permeable membrane from high to low water concentrations with the gradient
Active Transport	the movement of molecules from low to high concentrations, against the gradient, using ATP Energy, includes Pumps, Endocytosis, and Exocytosis
Protein Channel	a protein that allows the transport of specific substances across a cell membrane, found in BOTH passive and active transport
Sugar-Phosphate backbone	a repeating pattern of sugar-phosphate that make up the backbone of DNA, They do NOT code for traits
Hydrogen bonds in DNA	hold base pairs together; They do NOT code for traits
Nitrogen bases	The order of these codes for traits; Include Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine (A,T,C,G)
DNA Replication	the process of making a copy of DNA, used to make more cells in the cell cycle
Interphase	Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for nuclear division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases
S phase	part of Interphase when DNA is copied or synthesized
M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis)	Cell or Nuclear Division, creates 2 IDENTICAL SOMATIC daughter cells
G0 phase	A nondividing/ resting phase in which a cell has left the cell cycle.
Cancer	any tumor caused by uncontrolled cell division when cells skip G0
Cytokinesis	division of the cytoplasm to form two separate identical daughter cells
Meiosis	Produces 4 unique, haploid gametic cells for sexual reproduction
Crossing Over	Chromosomes exchanging of segments of DNA, increasing genetic diversity
Independent assortment	Chromosomes randomly separating into daughter cells
Protein Synthesis	Creates proteins. Includes: 1.) Transcription - DNA --> mRNA 2.) Translation - mRNA --> amino acid chain
Deletion	A type of Frameshift mutation that removes one or more nitrogen bases resulting in many amino acid changes after mutation
Insertion	A type of Frameshift mutation that adds one or more nitrogen bases resulting in many amino acid changes after mutation
Substitution	A type of Point mutation that swaps one or more nitrogen bases, sometimes results in amino acid changes

Created by: Mrs.Finning

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