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Fall Exam Vocab Pt.1

Includes Biomolecules, Cells, and Cell Energy

TermDefinition
Carbohydrates Made in the chloroplast, found in the cell wall, and used in the mitochondria
Lipids Made in the smooth ER, found in the cell membrane, and used by the Golgi apparatus (vesicles)
Proteins Made in the ribosomes/rough ER, found in lysosomes (enzymes), and used as protein channels in cell membrane
Nucleic acids genetic information stored in the nucleus
Nucleotide Monomer of nucleic acid; Made of 3 parts: phosphate, sugar, nitrogen base
Amino acid monomer of protein, mRNA codons signal for them during Translation
Enzyme Also known as a CATALYST; A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy. Specific to substrate (lock and key)
Prokaryote A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Eukaryote A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Ribosomes Makes proteins, non-membrane bound organelle (present in ALL cells)
Mitochondria Membrane bound organelle that is the site of CELLULAR RESPIRATION (makes energy, ATP, USING Carbs)
Chloroplast A membrane bound organelle found in plant and algae cells where PHOTOSYNTHESIS occurs (MAKES Carbs- glucose)
Cellular respiration the process by which cells use oxygen and glucose to produce energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water (chemical to chemical energy)
Photosynthesis process organisms use radiant energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and glucose (radiant to chemical energy)
DNA A molecule containing the genetic information in the sequence of nitrogen bases, makes up the chromosomes.
Cell membrane A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell, present in ALL cells
Virus nonliving, must use host cell machinery to reproduce, specific to host
Capsid protein coat that protects the genetic material
Created by: Mrs.Finning
 

 



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