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History Final Exam
History Final Exam Study Guide
| Reasons why American Colonists settled where they did? | Some wanted to make money or set up trade with their home country while others wanted religious freedom. |
| Foundations of American Democracy | The Constitution provided the structure and foundations for a unique form of political democracy and a republican form of government |
| Why did the Anti-Federalists oppose the ratification of the Constitution in 1787? | The Anti-Federalists opposed the Constitution because they thought it vested way too much power in the hands of the federal government. |
| Thomas Paine and Common Sense | Common Sense is a 47-page pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1775–1776 advocating independence from Great Britain to people in the Thirteen Colonies. |
| Declaration of Independence | The Declaration of Independence, formally titled The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America, is the founding document of the United States. |
| Shay’s Rebellion | A violent insurrection in the Massachusetts countryside during 1786 and 1787, Shays' Rebellion was brought about by a monetary debt crisis at the end of the American Revolutionary War. |
| Louisiana Purchase | The Louisiana Purchase was the acquisition of the territory of Louisiana by the United States from the French First Republic in 1803. |
| Missouri Compromise of 1820 | Missouri was a slave state and Maine was a non-slave state at the same time, so as not to upset the balance between slave and free states in the nation. It also outlawed slavery above the 36º 30' latitude line in the remainder of the Louisiana Territory. |
| Compromise of 1850 | The Compromise of 1850 was a package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850 that temporarily defused tensions between slave and free states in the years leading up to the American Civil War. |
| Manifest Destiny | Manifest destiny was a belief in the 19th-century United States that White American settlers were destined to expand across North America. It was an early expression of American imperialism in the United States of America. |
| Economic differences of the North and South prior to the Civil War? | The North had an industrial economy, an economy focused on manufacturing, while the South had an agricultural economy, an economy focused on farming. |
| Lincoln’s goal in the Civil War? | Abraham Lincoln's chief goal in the American Civil War was to preserve the Union. |
| Seneca Falls Convention | The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women's rights convention. It advertised itself as "a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman". |
| Reconstruction Period | The Reconstruction era was a period in U.S history which lasted from the end of the American Civil War in May 1865 until the Compromise of 1877 |
| President Andrew Johnson and the Reconstruction Period | After Lincoln's death, President Johnson proceeded to reconstruct the former Confederate States while Congress was not in session in 1865. |
| Result of the Civil War | The outcome of the Civil War resulted in a strengthening of U.S. foreign power and influence, as the definitive Union |
| Black Codes | After the Civil War ended in 1865, some states passed black codes that severely limited the rights of Black people, many of whom had been enslaved. These codes limited what jobs African Americans could hold, and their ability to leave a job once hired. |
| Native Americans | A person having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America) and who maintains tribal affiliation or community attachment. |
| Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 | This act provided an absolute 10-year ban on Chinese laborers immigrating to the United States |
| Indian Wars between 1860-1890 | The Indian Wars were a protracted series of conflicts between Native American Indians and white settlers over land and natural resources in the West. |
| Homestead Act of 1862 | The Homestead Act, enacted during the Civil War in 1862, provided that any adult citizen, or intended citizen, who had never borne arms against the U.S. government could claim 160 acres of surveyed government land. |
| Transcontinental Railroad | By connecting the existing eastern U.S. rail networks to the west coast, the Transcontinental Railroad (known originally as the "Pacific Railroad") became the first continuous railroad line across the United States. |
| Development of the Great Plains | Spanish colonists from Mexico had begun occupying the southern plains in the 16th century and had brought with them horses and cattle. The introduction of the horse subsequently gave rise to a flourishing Plains Indian culture. |
| Three-fifths Compromise | three out of every five slaves was counted when determining a state's total population for legislative representation and taxation. |
| Reconstruction goals after the Civil War | Its main focus was on bringing the southern states back into full political participation in the Union, guaranteeing rights to former slaves and defining new relationships between African Americans and whites. |
| Economic impact of the Civil War | The North's population and urbanization increased. Business and industry became dominant in the northern economy. The South, on the other hand, was devastated financially. Cities and plantations were destroyed. |
| Tenements | single-family buildings divided into multiple living spaces. |
| Women's’ Suffrage Movement | several generations of woman suffrage supporters lectured, wrote, marched, lobbied, and practiced civil disobedience to achieve what many Americans considered a radical change in the Constitution – guaranteeing women the right to vote. |
| Battleship Maine | As Cubans were fighting for independence from Spanish colonial rule, President William McKinley ordered the Maine to Cuba to protect U.S. political and economic interests on the nearby island. |
| Why was the North worried about Great Britain during the Civil War? | The Lincoln administration's greatest fear in foreign affairs was that England would extend diplomatic recognition to the Confederacy. |
| Impressments | Impressment was the practice of forcing men to serve in the military against their will( often involved violence) |
| Trail of Tears | The Trail of Tears was the deadly route Native Americans were forced to follow when they were pushed off their ancestral lands |
| Why did the South secede from the Union? | Southern states seceded from the union in order to protect their states' rights, the institution of slavery, and disagreements over tariffs. |
| Emancipation Proclamation | President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free." |
| Why could Lincoln not carry out his plan of Reconstruction? | Opposition from Radical Republicans would also prove to be detrimental to the aims and moderate approaches to the ultimate reunification of seceded states. |
| Muckrakers | a group of American writers,the muckrakers provided detailed, accurate journalistic accounts of the political and economic corruption and social hardships caused by the power of big business in a rapidly industrializing United States. |
| Who had great job opportunities during WWI when they did not before the war? | As men left their jobs to serve their country in war overseas, women replaced their jobs. Women filled many jobs that were brought into existence by wartime needs. As a result, the number of women employed greatly increased in many industries. |
| Treaty of Versailles | The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty |
| Rapid Growth of Cities | Urbanization is the process through which cities grow, and higher and higher percentages of the population come to live in the city. |
| Why did US enter WWI? | Germany's resumption of submarine attacks on passenger and merchant ships in 1917 became the primary motivation behind Wilson's decision to lead the United States into World War I. |
| League of Nations | The League of Nations was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. |
| Progressivism | progressivism seeks to advance the human condition through social reform based on purported advancements in science, technology, and social organization. |
| Americans reaction to WWI | Americans were deeply divided over how to respond to the Great War and expressed a diverse range of views on the conflict. |
| Lusitania sinking | Lusitania, British ocean liner, the sinking of which by a German U-boat on May 7, 1915, contributed indirectly to the entry of the United States into World War I |
| Zimmermann Telegram | an act the German government expected would likely lead to war with the U.S. Zimmermann hoped tensions with Mexico would slow shipments of supplies, munitions, and troops to the Allies if the U.S. was tied down on its southern end |
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