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screenings
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| eye: conjunctiva | outer membrane, cleans |
| eye: cornea | outer layer, retracts light |
| eye: aqueous humor | liquid behind cornea, inflates |
| eye: iris | colored around pupil |
| eye: pupil | hole to back of the eye |
| eye: ciliary body/ciliary muscles | extends from iris, moves eye / iris muscle |
| eye: ciliary processes | secrete liquid to aqueous humor |
| eye: canal of schlemm | drains excess fluid |
| eye: suspensory ligaments | helps move eyes/iris |
| eye: lens | focuses rays of light |
| eye: vitreous humor | liquid in round, back part of eye |
| eye: retina - rods | light and dark image |
| eye: retina - cones | colored image |
| eye: macula lutea | nerve |
| eye: fovea centralis | pit in center |
| eye: optic nerve | relays impulse to brain |
| pathway of sense of sight | conjunctiva cornea aqueous humor pupil lens vitreous humor retina optic nerve thalamus occipital lobe |
| eyelash | cilia |
| white part of eye | sclera |
| *study bottom eye diagram on bottom of page 3* | *** |
| ophthalmoscope | used to look deep into center of the eye to check retina |
| how to test visual activity | snellen chart (the chart with the E and all the letters) |
| how should patients be screened for visual activity | use snellen chart, stand 20 ft away, covering on eye at a time with both eyes open |
| OU OS OD | OU- both eyes OS- left eye OD- right eye |
| emmetropia | 20/20 vision |
| myopia hyperopia | myopia - nearsightedness hyperopia - farsightedness |
| amblyopia | lazy eye |
| presbyopia | farsighted, age related |
| astigmatism | unshapely cornea or lens |
| diplopia | double vision |
| Jaeger system | tests patients ability to read sentences at different sizes from 14-16 inches away |
| ishihara method | patients identify letters, numbers, or patterns on multicolored charts |
| daltonism achromatic deuteranopia protanopia | daltonism - can't tell between green and red achromatic - can't see color at all deuteranopia - see greens and reds as gray protanopia - sees blue and green as grays |
| pelli-robson contrast sensitivity chart | measures contrast sensitivity |
| PEARL/PERRL | using penlight to check dilation of pupils pupils equal, round reactive to light/pupils equal and reactive to light |
| macular degeneration | severe loss of central vision |
| hemianopsia | loss of half of vision |
| detached retina | retina pulls away from supporting tissue |
| glaucoma | build up of pressure in the eye |
| retinopathy | growth of abnormal blood vessels in the retina |
| cataracts | cloudy area in lens common at old age |
| scheduling goal of patient (just read) | minimum wait time for appt minimum wait time in office max time with health care provider |
| scheduling goal of physician (just read) | cost effective use of time spend needed time with patient uninterrupted time time for emergenceies, referrals, consulting, etc. |
| scheduling goals of office staff (just read) | smooth running office close the office on time to have lunch and breaks to help attain the physician and patient goals |
| positions: Fowler position | 90 degree sitting up |
| positions semi-fowler | 45 degree angle, sitting |
| positions supine | spine down laying face up |
| positions lithotomy | laying on back, knees bent so legs are in 90 angle |
| knee chest position | laying down, butt up |
| sim's position | laying down on stomach, leg up and slightly twisted |
| dorsal recumbent (see orange paper for all of these) | laying down on back, knees up but feet still on bed |
| ear: auricle/pinna | outside of ear, flappy skin part catches sound waves |
| ear: external auditory canal | passage for sound waves to travel |
| ear: tympanic membrane | eardrum receives sound waves |
| ear: auditory ossicles | maleus, incus, stapes transfer sound waves from eardrum to energy |
| ear: oval window | entrance to cochlea takes sound waves to inner ear |
| ear: cochlea | sound waves stimulate hair cells and makes an electrical impulse |
| ear: organ of corti | the part of the cochlea that does the impulse |
| ear: vestibulocochlear nerve | transfers impulse to the brain |
| ear: auditory/eustachian tube | back of throat to inner ear helps regulate pressure |
| outer ear | auricle, auditory canal, eardrum |
| middle ear | middle ear bones (malleus, incus, stapes) |
| inner ear | cochlea, vestibulocochlear nerve |
| otoscope | used to look at external auditory meatus and eardrum |
| otoscope for adults | pull ear up and back |
| otoscope for infants 36 months and under | pull ear down and back |
| frequency pitch loudness amplitude | number of cycles per second frequencies evaluation of sound waves measurement of loudness |
| frequency is measured in | Hz (30-20,000 Hz is average) |
| amplitude is measured in | dB normal talking - 60 dB quiet room - 20 dB jet plane - 145 dB |
| Rinne test | using tuning fork on side of head and ears to assess hearing |
| Weber test | using tuning fork on top of head to assess vibration to ears |
| ear irrigation | using warm water to clean out ear wax in auditory canal |
| earwax | cerumen |
| do not use ____ water during water irrgation | cold (messes with balance in ears and makes patient sick and dizzy) |
| reflex arc | receptor sensory neuron interneuron motor neuron effector |
| knee jerk and biceps reflex how do we measure a normal reaction? | +++ (which means strong reaction) |
| knee jerk reflex where do we test for this reflex? | soft groove below patella, this is the patellar ligament |
| biceps reflex | test functions of C5 and C6 strike your thumb over the tendon of bicep brachii muscle |
| babinski reflex | tests S1 and S2 spinal tracts take handle of reflex mallet, run it lighty from lateral side of heel up to the great toe |
| babinski reflex positive reflex negative relflex | positive - dorsiflexion, toes go up negative (normal) - plantar flexion, toes point down |
| cranial nerves 1-5 | 1 - olfactory (smell) 2 - optic (sight) 3- oculomotor (eye movement) 4 - trochlear (eyes look down) 5 - trigeminal (touch, pain, tempurature) |
| cranial nerves 6-9 | 6- abducens (moves eyes outward) 7 - facial (moves face) 8 - vestibulocochlear (hearing and balance) 9 - glossopharyngeal (pharynx, larynx) |
| cranial nerves 10-12 | 10 - vagus (digestion, heart rate, immune system) 11- accessory (neck movement) 12- hypoglossal (tongue movement) |
| review heart and lung diagrams | pages 31 and 33 |
| asses heart | rate, rhythm, volume |
| asses lungs | rate, rhythm, depth |
| machine that tests hearing activity | audiometer |
| listening to lungs with a stethoscope | auscultation |
| subjective symptoms | what the patient tells you |
| objective symptoms | what you can observe/view |
| SOAP | subjective objective assessment plan |
| what is tapping the abdomen to hear distension | percussion |
| abbreviation for signs and symptoms | S/S |
| reason people come in to health care provider | CC (chief complaint) |
| abbreviation problem oriented medical record | POMR |
| what instrument measures intraocular pressure | tonometer |
| ROM | range of motion |
| focuses light on retina | lens |
| allows light to enter eye | pupil |
| glands that produce ear wax | ceruminous glands |
| true or false VS are part of physical examination | true |
| hat valve is heard best at intercostal space one on the left side | pulmonary valve |
| side of heart that pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs | right side |
| which veins carry oxygenated blood | pulmonary veins |
| the alternating heart systole and diastole make up the | cardiac cycle |
| what type of deafness occurs when the nerve is damaged | sensorineural hearing |
| keeps tongue down during an oral examination | tongue depressor |
| how long should head/chest circumference be measured | 3 years/36 months |
| problem infant may be experiencing if head is too small | microcephaly |
| position best used for childbirth | lithotomy |
| position best used for sigmoidoscopy | Sim's (intestines are stretched out |
| position best used for enema administration | Sim's |
| position best used for severe dyspnea | Fowler's (sitting up) |
| position best used for patient in shock | trendella |
| another name for left lateral position | Sim's |
| another name for knee chest position | genu pectoral |
| another name for horizontal recumbent | supine |
| another name for bent position | jacknife |
| term that refers to inserting and removing fluid | irrigation |
| otic medications are dropped into | ear canal |
| what is a vision occluder | overs the eye |
| acronym CAUTION helps to spot cancer | Change in bladder or bowel habits A sore that does not heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Thickening of Lumps Indigestion Obvious Change Nagging Hoarseness or Cough |
| what is "gait" | the pattern of how you walk |
| HxPx | history and physical |
| swelling | edema |
| condition that comes on suddenly | acute |
| lingering/long term condition | chronic |
| when symptoms flare up and become worse | exacerbation |
| term when symptoms seem to go away | remission |
| BSE and TSE | breast self examination testicle self examination |
Created by:
anyasalmon