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Thermo cht 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| System | a quantity of matter we want to study |
| Closed system | a fixed quantity of matter (i.e., fixed mass). |
| Open system | a system with mass flow through the boundary. |
| Surroundings | everything external to the system (the system is separated from the surroundings by the system boundary). |
| Isolated system | a closed system without any interaction with its surroundings |
| Macroscopic point of view (NI) | the gross or overall behavior |
| Microscopic point of view (NI) | statistical behavior of particles. |
| Property | a macroscopic characteristic of a system that is independent of path (or process) For example: temperature, pressure, density, etc. |
| Intensive property | its value is independent of the size or extent of how much you take in a system. For example: pressure, temperature, density, etc |
| Extensive property | its value depends on the size or extent of how much you take in a system For example: mass, volume, energy. |
| State | the condition of a system as described by its properties. |
| Process | the path of the succession of states through which the system passes (or, simply, the path of transformation from one state to another). |
| Steady state | the state for which the system’s properties do not change with time. |
| Thermodynamic cycle | a sequence of processes that begins and ends at the same state. |
| Phase | a quantity of matter that is homogeneous chemically and physically. A system can have more than one phase. For example: solid, liquid, gas (or vapor). |
| Pure substance | a substance with uniform chemical composition For example: ~ Liquid water + water vapor ~ Uniform mixture of gas without chemical reaction (e.g., air) ~ Cooled air with liquid phase is “not” a pure substance. |
| Thermodynamic equilibrium state | the state for which the properties do not have a tendency to change (in time and in space) as long as the external conditions remain unchanged. ~ In liquids, pressure can vary due to gravity (but we can have a uniform temperature). |
| Quasi-equilibrium state | the state for which the deviation from thermodynamic equilibrium is infinitesimal. |
| Quasi-equilibrium process | the path of the succession of quasi-equilibrium states – an idealized process valid for many practical problems |
| SI Units | kg, m, sec (or s), N 1 N ≡ (1 kg)·(1 m/sec2) = 1 kg·m/sec2 Weight = m·g at sea level, where g = 9.81 m/sec2 . |
| BG Units | slug, ft, sec (or s), lb (or lbf) 1 lb (or 1 lbf) ≡ (1 slug)·(1 ft/sec2) = 1 slug·ft/sec2 Weight = m·g at sea level, where g = 32.2 ft/sec2 . |
| EE Units | lbm (or lb), ft, sec (or s), lbf (or lb) 1 lbf ≡ (1 lbm)·(32.174 ft/sec2 ) ≈ 32.2 lbm·ft/sec2 → g = 32.2 ft/sec2 |
| If an object has a mass of 1 lbm, what is the weight of the object in lbf? | 1 Ibf |
| density | m/V |
| Specific volume | (v) is just 1/ p. Therefore, we have v ≡ V/m |
| Mole specific volume | (v) is defined as V/n, where n is the mole, n = m/M with M representing the molecular mass (or molar mass). Thus, v= Mv, also. |
| Units of molecular mass | M= (m/n) --> kg/kmol or lbm/lbmol |
| Pressure | F-normal/Area |
| Absolute pressure | gage pressure = [absolute pressure] – [atmospheric pressure] |
| Manometer | is an instrument used to measure the pressure of a fluid, consisting of a tube filled with a liquid. |
| Temperature | (T) is a property indicating the degree of hotness or coldness. |
| Adiabatic process | a process that has no heat exchange between the system and the surroundings |
| Isothermal process | a process occurring at a constant temperature |
| Zeroth law of thermodynamics (NI) | When there are three objects A, B, and C, if TA = TB and TB = TC, then TA = TC. |
Created by:
thermosucks
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