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CIvi us chapitre 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Question 1: What was discussed during the Yalta Conference? | Answer: The Yalta Conference discussed the reorganization of post-war Europe, with agreements on the division of Germany and the establishment of pro-communist governments in Eastern Europe. |
| Question 2: Who succeeded Franklin D. Roosevelt after his death in April 1945? | Answer: After Roosevelt's death, his Vice President, Harry S. Truman, succeeded him as President. |
| Question 3: What did Winston Churchill describe as an "iron curtain" in 1946? | Answer: Churchill described an "iron curtain" between Soviet-controlled Eastern Europe and democratic Western Europe, highlighting the growing division between the two. |
| Question 4: What did the Truman Doctrine announce in 1947? | Answer: In 1947, the Truman Doctrine announced the commitment of the United States to contain the global expansion of communism by providing economic and military assistance to nations resisting communist aggression. |
| Question 5: What impact did the Truman Doctrine have on U.S. foreign policy during the Cold War? | Answer: The Truman Doctrine marked a turning point in U.S. foreign policy, establishing the United States as defenders of the free world and actively involved in containing the spread of communism. |
| Question 6: What did the Yalta Conference successfully achieve in terms of support for the creation of the United Nations? | Answer: At the Yalta Conference, Roosevelt successfully gained the support of Stalin and Churchill for the creation of the United Nations, laying the foundations for the post-war international order. |
| Question 7: What was the main objective of NSC-68 in 1950? | Answer: NSC-68 declared that the United States had to lead the free world in resisting communist aggression, involving quadrupling the military budget to strengthen military capabilities. |
| Question 8: What role did George Marshall play in post-war American diplomacy? | Answer: George Marshall played a crucial role by proposing the Marshall Plan, an initiative aimed at financing the economic revival of Europe to counter communist influence. |
| Question 9: What was established by the National Security Act of 1947? | Answer: The National Security Act of 1947 established the Department of Defense, the National Security Council, and the CIA, enhancing the United States' national security capabilities. |
| Question 10: How did McCarthyism exploit Cold War fears? | Answer: McCarthyism exploited Cold War fears by conducting sensational anti-communist investigations, resulting in severe consequences for many individuals, including job losses and exile. |
| Question 11: What did the Internal Security Act of 1950 prevent? | Answer: The Internal Security Act of 1950 prevented individuals suspected of belonging to the Communist Party from entering the United States, marking a period of fear and suspicion during the Cold War. |
| Question 12: What did Dwight D. Eisenhower warn about in his 1961 farewell address? | Answer: In his 1961 farewell address, Eisenhower warned about the potential dangers of the growing military-industrial complex, emphasizing the need to monitor its excessive influence on government policy. |
| Question 13: What did the Marshall Plan aim to achieve? | Answer: The Marshall Plan aimed to rebuild Europe after World War II by providing economic aid, strengthening stability, and countering communist influence. |
| Question 14: What were the main ideological objectives of the United States after World War II? | Answer: The main ideological objectives of the United States were to contain Soviet expansion, serve national interests, and ensure the survival of democratic regimes threatened by communism. |
| Question 15: How did the Cold War influence the position of the military in American society? | Answer: The Cold War influenced the position of the military by maintaining significant military forces, breaking the tradition of reduction after wars, and strengthening the military-industrial complex. |
| Flashcard 1: Yalta Conference and Eastern Europe | The Yalta Conference was a meeting between Allied leaders (US, USSR, UK) to discuss post-war Europe. Agreements at Yalta included the division of Germany and pro-communist governments in Eastern Europe. |
| Flashcard 2: Roosevelt's Succession and Iron Curtain Speech | Roosevelt's death in April 1945 led to Truman becoming President. Churchill's "iron curtain" speech (1946) highlighted the division between communist-controlled Eastern Europe and democratic Western Europe. |
| Flashcard 3: Beginning of the Cold War | The period marked the start of the Cold War, a struggle between the US and its allies and the Soviet Union and its allies. The Truman Doctrine was announced in 1947, committing the US to contain communism globally. |
| Flashcard 4: United Nations and Four Freedoms | The UN, established after WWII, aimed to promote the Four Freedoms (speech, worship, want, fear). Unlike the League of Nations, the UN could take preventive action, deploy peacekeeping forces, and act against aggressors without unanimous approval. |
| Flashcard 5: Marshall Plan and Truman Doctrine | Truman Doctrine (1947) committed the US to contain communism and provide aid to nations resisting communist aggression. Marshall Plan (1947) provided economic aid to war-torn Europe to prevent the spread of communism. |
| Flashcard 6: National Security Act of 1947 | The Act reorganized the US military and intelligence after WWII. Created the Department of Defense (Pentagon), National Security Council (NSC), and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). |
| Flashcard 7: NSC-68 and George Marshall | NSC-68 (1950) outlined US strategy in the Cold War, emphasizing leadership of the free world. George Marshall's Marshall Plan aimed at the economic revival of Europe to counter communism. |
| Flashcard 8: Motives for the Marshall Plan | Humanitarian concerns, ethnic ties, and economic motivations drove the Marshall Plan. $15 billion spent from 1948 to 1951 on economic aid, infrastructure, and reconstruction. |
| Flashcard 9: Ideology and Military-Industrial Complex | Post-WWII US ideology focused on slowing Soviet expansion, serving national interests, and ensuring survival of democratic regimes. "Pactomania" led to the formation of alliances against the Soviet Union. |
| Flashcard 10: McCarthyism and Internal Security Act | McCarthy led anti-communist investigations in the early 1950s. The Commission on Un-American Activities (HUAC) investigated individuals suspected of communism. McCarthyism exploited Cold War anxieties, leading to job losses and exile. |
| Flashcard 11: Military-Industrial Complex and Eisenhower's Warning | The military-industrial complex gained power during the Cold War. Eisenhower warned about its influence in his 1961 farewell address. |
| Flashcard 12: Post-WWII Era Summary | Post-WWII US marked by global ideological struggle, racial segregation, and a strong military-industrial complex. "Pactomania" formed alliances against the Soviet Union. |
Created by:
zmangane