Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
AP Euro Study Guide
Chapter 9 - The Age of Enlightenment: Eighteenth-Century Thought
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Enlightenment stemmed from what event? | The Scientific Revolution |
| What were some reformist approaches? | relative religious toleration, free speech and free press, and a limited monarch authority |
| What were a few things about writing and societal rankings? | After books became a topic of discussion and people were able to profit from writing, some authors took off and prospered while other writers struggled to find even small journalism jobs |
| Who were the philosophes? | Educated men who were usually university professors who discussed in coffeehouses and in the parlors of noblewomen. They debated many topics and had little respect for each other, but all had the common goal of reform and reason |
| What writing method did Voltaire use to make his points? | Voltaire used dark humor and satire to get his points across and get people to discuss them and make changes |
| What question and view did Immanuel Kant have? | Kant asked "What is Enlightenment", and view the Enlightenment as an "Age of Enlightenment", not an "enlightened age" |
| What belief surrounded the church during the Enlightenment? | The church hinders human improvement and overall happiness |
| What was a defining factor of Deism? | A rational God means a rational morality |
| Lady Mary Wortley Montagu spread information about what? | Lady Montagu put out the Turkish Embassy Letters in an effort to spread Islam and respect for the Ottoman way of life. However the lack of information created misplaced hostilities towards Muslims |
| What happened during the Jewish Enlightenment? | Jews saw a way to improve and update their religion to Enlightenment ideas while still staying loyal to Judaism. Moses Mendelssohn wrote on how religions serve their people, and that religious toleration could exist while staying loyal to Judaism |
| What book project was a defining moment for the Enlightenment? | The Encyclopedia, which was worked on by hundreds of authors over several years |
| What did physicrats believe in? | Consolidation of lands for more efficient farming, and therefore a stronger economy through agriculture |
| What did Adam Smith write about and believe in? | The mercantile should be abolished, and the government should provide equal schooling to all walks of life |
| What government did Montesquieu admire? | The British system of three branches of government: Legislative, Judicial, and Executive |
| What did Roussseau believe? | Society was the root of all human evils, and humans cannot live morally, virtuously, or sincerely. However he still preached the idea of being good even if you are poor |
| What was a quote from Rousseau? | "All men are born free, but everywhere they are in chains." |
| What was an altered worldview some philosophes had? | If a group has no main leader, they are nothing or less than human. This is seen through the expansion into the Americas and other lands |
| Philosophes were divided on the issue of treatment of other cultures. What was the argument made from those who wanted to respect the other cultures? | The cultures discovered should be respected and not destroyed |
| What was view Rousseau held on women? | He believed they should be submissive to their husbands, and were only good for bearing children |
| What was the impact women had on the Enlightenment? | The women who were in a higher social class held debates and meetings in their homes, and observed these talks. Women spread the ideas they heard, which helped the philosophes immensely |
| What art style did Louis XIV and Napoleon embrace? | Rococo |
| From where did neoclassicism draw its inspiration? | Antiquity and Renaissance antiquity |
| Which leaders adopted Enlightened Absolutism? | Frederick II of Prussia, Catherine II of Russia, and Joseph II of Austria |
| What did Frederick II call himself? | "The first servant of the state." His policies and groups such as his military were based on merit rather than birth |
| What was Frederick's economic and administrative reform? | A more efficient legal system with no torture and a focus on agriculture for his economy |
| What did Joseph II do through centralization of power? | He moved the taxes to all groups, and looked to expand his territories through aggressive military campaigns. He also meddled in political and social lives |
| How was Joseph different from Maria Theresa? | Maria Theresa was less religiously tolerant, while Joseph was more tolerant of different religions |
| What happened after Josephs's death? | His new taxation bill was never implemented, which caused revolts between landlords and peasants |
| What did Catherine II do once she arrived in the Russian court? | She quickly made friends with philosophes and important nobles, and eventually gave the go-ahead to murder her husband, Peter III |
| What were Catherine's military expeditions? | She went to war against the Ottomans, and gained control over the Black Sea. She also annexed Crimea |
| What happened to Poland due to a lack of a central authority? | An agreement came up between Austria, Russia and Prussia, who divided the partitions of Poland between themselves. |
| What happened as a result of the Pugachev Rebellion and the French Revolution? | Enlightenment books were censored with offending authors sent in exile to Serbia. The unrest in France caused a great fear of change from the Enlightenment |
Created by:
cailynreed25