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Microtomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| M1. Which of the following is frequently used to soften the exposed face of paraffin embedded tissue? That is too hard to section, such as uterine tissue. A. Acid B. Water C. Heat D. Xylene | M1. B Prolonged soaking of a faced block in water or exposing the block surface to running tap water for 30 minutes will often allow obtaining ribbons from tissue that is hard to section. |
| M2. Paraffin with a melting point of 50 to 52 sent by mistake, when compared to 55°C paraffin, this will. A. Provide better support for heart tissue. B. Yield thinner sections. C. Ribbon more early D. Require warmer flotation bath | M2. C. The lower the melting point the easier it is to obtain ribbons. |
| M3. Important factor 2 remember. As the melting point of paraffin is increased, the paraffin A. Becomes harder B. Provides less support. C. Ribbons more easily D. Yield thicker | M3. A, The higher the melting point of the paraffin the harder it becomes. Higher melting point paraffins provide better support for hard tissue. |
| M4. Obtain section small intestine showing mucosa, submusosa, external and adventilia tissue must be embedded. A. On edge B. At an angle C. Epithelial surface up D. Mucosa surface down | M4. A. The mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and advent idea are the layers of small test note. Wall should be seen if section is embedded on edge. |
| M5. Holes are noted in the frozen section of skeletal muscle likely because. A. To small clearance angle. B. Too cold a cryostat temp C. Mounting, the sections are warm slides. D. Freezing the specimen too slowly. | M5. D If tissue is frozen too slowly. The water in the tissue will freeze and form ice crystals of a size proportional to the speed of freezing when thawed the ice crystals melt and produce the freeze artifact shown as holes. |
| M6. The angle formed between the block face and the cutting facet of the blade is known as. A. Rake angle B. Clearance angle C. Bevel angle D. Wedge angle | M6. B. The angle formed between the block face and the cutting faster. The blade is known as the Clarence angle that angle and the most important factors in obtaining good sections. |
| M7. Which of the following will most likely be corrected by soaking a face block in ice water? A. Lengthwise splits in the sections. B. Compressed & jammed sections C. Microscopic chatter D. Mushy sections | M7. C. Microscopic chatter often results from overdehydrated tissue. Soaking the faced block in ice water will help restore moisture to the tissue and make obtaining an artifact free section easier. |
| M8. Which of the following artifacts may be introduced during the flotation process? A. Holes in tissue B. The "venetian blind" effect C. Lengthwise split in ribbon. D. Separation of tissue elements. | M8. D. Allowing tissue to remain too long on the flotation Bath may cause over expansion of the section and separation of tissue elements. |
| M9. Which of the following embedding procedures involves first infiltrating the tissue with one medium? And then embedding it in another. A. Double B. Resin C. Routine D. Vacuum | M9. A. Double embedding refers to first infiltrating the tissue with one medium such as gelatin. And then embedding it in another such as paraffin. |
| M10. Liver tissue is sectioned in the cryostat, and the sections obtained are alternately thick and thin. Most troubled cause is. A. Anti-roll plate is adjusted incorrectly. B. Block is too cold. C. Latest dawn D. | M10. C. Dull blade will cause alternate thick and thin frozen section |
| M11. The type of microtone used for routine paraphysics shooting is. A. Rotary B. Sliding C. Ultramicrotome D. Retracting | M11. A Rotary microtome is used for routine paraffin sectioning, sliding for large blocks and celloidin embedded tissues. The ultramicrotome and retracting microtome for electron microscopy. |
| M12. Cryostat sections are incomplete, or portions of the blocks do not section most likely cause is A. Sectioning too aggressively B. Incorrect temperature for the tissue C. Incorrect knife angle D. Damaged knife angle | M12. B. When Cryostat sections are incomplete, most likely cause is..cryostat not at the correct temperature for the tissue being sectioned. Fat or other lipid rich tissues will require a much colder temp in order to section properly. |
| M13. Picture of tissue that looks striated with areas with holes. A. A dull blade B. An incorrect blade angle C. Progressive sectioning D. Areas of calcification. | M13. C. The holes in the section were caused by facing the block to aggressively. |
| M14. Picture with scratch going through tissue. To correct the problem A. Change the blade B. Increase the blade tilt. C. Clean the blade of paraffin D. Decrease the cutting speed. | M14. A. The many knifelines seen in the section were caused by defects in the blade edge. The blade should be changed. |
| M15. Microorganism contaminants on slides are usually picked up. A. During ribboning B. From the staining solution. C. From the flotation Bath D. During slide drying | M15. C. If flotation Bath is not scrupulously cleaned at the end of each day. Micro organisms make row in the Bath. Also organisms have been reported in tap water, gelatin and elmer's glue used in the Bath. Bath contaminants are common |
| M16. When using an anti roll plate for frozen sectioning, the plate should be. A. Below the blade edge. B. Slightly raised from the blade. C. Not parallel to the blade edge. D. fractionally above the blade edge. | M16. D. The anti roll plate should extend fractionally above the knife edge. |
| M17. Examination reveals presence of irregular holes scattered throughout section, caused by.? A. Incorrect blade angle B. Excess section adhesive on slide C. Block faced too aggressively D. Flotation Bath not being cleaned between blocks | M17. C. Aggressive facing of the block will cause small spicules to be pulled from block face leaving holes in tissue. |
| M18. When considering methods for freezing tissue, coldest and fastest method is A. Isopentane cooled by liquid nitrogen B. Dry ice C. Carbon dioxide gas D. Aerosol spray | M18. The coldest and fastest freezing is accomplished by isopentane cooled by liquid nitrogen. Only liquid nitrogen can achieve colder temperatures, but it will impede freezing by the formation of gas bubbles around tissue suspended directly in it. |
| M19. Multiple skin sections should be embedded with the epithelial surfaces facing in. A. The same direction. B. Opposite directions C. Open dicular directions. D. Random directions | M19. A. Multiple skin sections should be embedded so that all epithelial surfaces face in the same direction. |
| M20. H & E sections reveal marked background staining, likely caused by. A. The use of plus slides. B. Excess section adhesive on the slide. C. Location Bath not being clean between blocks. D. Section taken immediately after aggressive facing a block. | M20. B. If too much adhesive is applied directly to the slide, it may stain |
| M21. Embedded tissue has straight lines that appear 2 b fissures or cuts running at different angles due 2 A. In proper fixation of the tissue. B. Introduction of water to the block surface C. defects in the edge of the blade. D. Quick free spray. | M21. D aerosol sprays used on the block face during microtomy may cause fractures in the block face. This will be seen as fissures running in multiple directions in the sections. To the world that this is a plastic airways. |
| M22. Harder bony tissue should be embedded. A. Parallel to the block edge B. In its edge C. On its end D. At an angle | M22. D. Harder bony tissue will section more easily if it is in better than angle |
| M23. Tubular tissue structures should be embedded. A. Flat B. On edge C. On end D. Parallel to the block edge | M23. A. Tubular tissues should be embedded on end. |
| M24. The protect exposed tissue during storage perpen blocks may need to be.. A. Dipped B. Filed C. Stacked D. Trimmed | M24. A. Blocks may need to be dipped or resealed to protect the tissue for moisture air, drying or insects. |
| M25. Picture of tissue with 2 light lines running through it. Caused by. A. The blade not tightly clamped B. Not enough blade tilt C. A dirty flotation Bath D. Aggressive sectioning | M25. A. The wash boarding or thick and thin areas with a sin within a single section maybe due 2 a blade that is not tightly clamped. It also can be caused by 2 much knifetilt, Worn or loose microtome parts, a dull knife and very dense or compact tissue. |
| M26. Microtome is the most likely cause of poor sections when the microtome is. A. New B. Placed on an incline C. Old or has worn surfaces D. Used by several technicians | M26. To see the microtome is most likely the cause of poor sections when the microtome is old or has one surfaces. |
| M27. When compared to routine paraffin microtomy, the tilt of the blade for frozen section is. A. Lesser B. Greater C. The same D. Insignificant | M27. B. Greater. The blade tilt for cutting frozen sections is very significant and is greater than that use for a peripheral section. |
| M28. A biopsy of which of the following tissues should be sectioned at 2 micrometers. A. Bladder B. Heart C. Kidney D. Liver | M28. C. Kidney biopsies are usually sectioned at 2 micro meters (um) |
| M29. Which of the following will cause a split or lengthwise scratch in a paraffin ribbon? | M29. A. Debris or paraffin on the blade edge can cause lengthwise splits or scratches in paraffin ribbons |
| M30. The purpose of embedding tissue in paraffin is to A. Preserve its antigenicity B. Stabilize proteins C. Provide support D. Remove water from the cells | M30. C. Embedding in paraffin provides support for tissue so that think sections may be cut |
| M31. Which of the following groups of special stains require 8-10 um? A. Congo, crystal v, bielschowsky B. Kinyoun, snook, oil red o C. Von kossa, fontana mass, Sudan blk D. Van g, fuschin, trichrome | M31. A. Stains for amyloid, & for several neutral stains require 8-10 um. |
| M32. During sectioning of uterus, thick and thin r seen. Likely bcs A. Improper embedding B. Inadequate processing C. Vibration of blade D. Non parallel block edges | M32. C. One cause is vibration of blade. More common in hard tissue. Can also occur from worn or loose micro tome parts and either the blade or block not being tightly clamped. |
| M33. Examination h&e shows extraneous epithelial cells. Caused by.. A. Squamous cells from dry skin of hands B. Excess section adhesive on slide C. Sections being taken after rough facing D. Flotation bath not cleaned between blocks | M33. A. Extraneous epithelial cells may occur in flotation bath |
| M34. Disposable blades should be discarded A. By incineration B. By wrapping in tape & in west paper basket C. In sharps container D. Via garbage disposal | M34 C. In sharps container |
| M35. Crooked ribbons result when A. Horizontal edges block are not parallel B. Block is aggressively sectioned C. Clearance angle is incorrect D. Room temp is too warm | M35. A If the horizontal (top and bottom) edges of the block are not parallel, crooked ribbon will result. |
| M36. For which stains should sections be cut @ 10-15um? A. Jones (Pams) B. Thioflavin T C. Periodic acid schiff D. Luxol fast blue | M36. D. Sections should be cut at 10-15 um for best demonstrlation of myelin sheath (luxol fast blue and weil) |
| M37. Most ovens used for drying are commonly maintained @ A. 40c B. 50c C. 60c D. 70c | M37. C. Ovens used for drying paraffin are maintained @ 60c, which is above the melting point of paraffin. |
| M38. Which of the following blade profiles is recommended for frozen sectioning? A. Biconcave B. Planoconcave C. Low D. High | M38. D. High profile blades are recommended for frozen sectioning |
| M39. Picture of cracks in tissue on h&e. Caused by.. A. Defect in blade edge B. Drying too high temp C. Worn microtome part D. Using flurocarbon spray | M39. High profile blades are recommended for frozen sectioning. |
| M40. Orientation of specimen for embedding should be decided during. A. Fixation B. Grossing C. Processing D. Surgical removal | M40. B. The orientation of tissue sections should be decided at the time of grossing. When necessary there are several ways of indicating the surface to be placed up on the block. |
| M41. When cutting 30um sections is fixed brain tissue in - 20 cryostat. Sections fragment...prevent? A. Lower cryo temp to - 30 B. Raise cryo temp to - 7 C. Freeze tissue in nitrogen D. Use anti roll plate | M41. B. Brain tissue cuts most easily at - 7to-10 so temp should be raised |
| M42. Unfixed cryostat sections commonly attached to slides by: A. Placing then in h20 and floating B. Brushing them onto cold slide C. Picking them up from blade onto albumnized slide D. Picking them up onto warm slide | M42. D. Cryostat sections are picked up on clean warm slide |
| M43. When paraffin is 54-56 melting point, flotation bath should be. A. 41-45 B. | M43. B. the temperature of the flotation bath should be 46° c to 50° c as the bath is usually maintained 5° to 10° Celsius below the melting point of paraffin |
| M44. Routine Cryostat sections are usually cut at. A. -10c B. -20 C. -30 D. -40 | M44. B Routine cryostat sections are usually cut at -20° c |
| M45. Paraffin sections are being lifted from the blade on the upstroke. This is likely bcs A. Blade is too sharp B. Blade tilt is incorrect C. Paraffin is too cold D. Specimen is too hard | M45. B. Sections will lift from the blade as the block is raised if the tilt of the knife is incorrect usually too little tilt |
| M46. Picture of a piece of tissue that looks like it's got cracks all through it. A . Aggressive facing of the block B. The blade is too sharp C. Defects in the blade edge D. An excessively dehydrated block | M46. D. Chatter or microscopic vibration is most commonly caused by over dehydration of the tissue during processing it can also be caused by cutting two rapidly. |
| M47. Cryostat sections of fixed tissue float off the slides during staining. Prevent by A. Coating the slides with an adhesive mixture B. Hittin slides over a Bunsen burner C. Picking up the sections on a room temp slide D. Sectioning warmer temp | M47. A Frozen sections of fixed tissue will not adhere well to clean slides, so a slide coated with adhesive mixture, or charged slides would be used |
| M48. For only one layer of nuclei to be seen in a section, there should be no thicker than. A. 3um B. 5um C. 7 um D. 9um | M48. B. Sections any thicker than 4 to 5UM will show more than one layer of nuclei. These sections are too thick for routine H and E staining. |
| M49. The college of American pathologists (CAP) recommends that a cryostat in daily use be contaminated. A. Daily B. Weekly C. Biweekly D. Monthly | M49. B. The CAP recommends that a cryostat in daily use be contaminated once a week. |
| M50. To prevent the formation of a thick layer of paraffin on the bottom of the mold during embedding, the tissue must be. A. Embedded quickly and precisely B. Handled carefully and slowly C. Heated directly on a hot plate D. Reoriented several times | M50. A. Tissue should be embedded quickly and precisely. Keeping the paraffin melted until all pieces are in the mold and then pressing down lightly on the tissue and chilling until adherence to the bottom of the mold is achieved. |
| M51. The tissue surface to be cut should be placed against which aspect of the embedding mold. A. Bottom B. Edge C. Side D. Top | M51. A. The tissue surface to be cut should be placed against the bottom of the embedding mold. |
| M52. Paraffin is converted from the fluid state to the solid state by. A. Crystallization B. Evaporation C. Polymerization D. Sublimation | M52. A. Paraffin crystallizes as it is cooled and quick cooling of the embedded tissue block ensure a small crystalline structure, thus producing fewer artifacts during microtomy. |
| M53. Routine paraffin sections are cut at what micrometer (micron) setting? A. 1 to2 B. 4 to 5 C. 7 to 8 D. 10 to 12 | M53. B. Most routine paraffin sections are cut at a microtomer setting up 3 to 5UM |
| M54. As the block face is trimmed, the blade digs into the tissue and gouges out of chunk, the most probable cause of this problem is. A. Block is too cool. B. Blade is dull. C. Block is loose in the chuck. D. Cutting stroke is too rapid. | M54. C. When the microtome blade bites into the tissue during sectioning, the most likely cause is that either the block or the blade is not clamped securely? |
| M55. Nuclear bubbling is seen on an h&e section. Caused by? A. Overfixing the tissue B. Drying undrained slides at too high a temperature. C. Cutting sections at the wrong micrometer setting. D. Adding adhesive to the fliotation bath. | M55. B. If undrained slides are dried at too high, a temperature nuclear bubbling is likely the result. |
| M56. The clearance angle used with most microtome blades for paraffin sectioning is. A. 3-8 degrees B. 15-23 C. 27-32 D. 42-45 | M56. A The clearance angle used with most microphone blades for a paraffin. Section is 3 to 8°. |
| M57. Examination of h & e section shows extraneous tumor cells most likely caused by. A. Hands in flotation bath B. Excess section adhesive C. Taken after aggressive facing of block D. Flotation bath not cleaned | M57. D Extraneous tumor cells were picked up from a previous case because the flotation bath was not skimmed or cleaned between blocks or cases. |
| M58. Layered structures such as cyst wall and gall bladder should be embedded. A. Lengthwise B. On edge C. On end D. Parallel to block side | M58. B. Layered structures such as cyst wall or gall bladder should be embedded on edge. |
| M59. You're in paraphernal, betting.Several sections appear soft and mushy why. A. Inadequate processing B. Prolonged fixation C. Paraffin too warm D. Type of tissue processed | M59. A. Softened mushy tissues noted during paraffin embedding are most likely result of inadequate processing. |
| M60. Which of the following is necessary to ensure a straight ribbon.? A. Horizontal sides of block need 2 b parallel. B. Vertical sides of block need 2 b parallel. C. Horizontal and vertical b parallel. D. Microtome wheel must be rotated rapidly. | M60. A The horizontal sides of the block must be parallel to ensure a straight ribbon. |
| M61. Examination shows bacilli on, but not in, tissue sections of slide. Contaminant is because.. A. Excess albumin attracted microorg... B. Excess gelatin added to water bath C. Flotation bath not clean from previous day. D. Excess polyllysine | M61. C. The flotation bath must be carefully and thoroughly cleaned at the end of each day and allowed to dry overnight. A dirty bath may encourage the growth of organisms if left overnight. |
| M62. Paraffin used for embedding how many degrees centigrade above melting point of medium. A. 0-1 B. 2-4 C. 5-7 D. 8-10 | M62. B. Paraffin for embedding should be maintained 2-4 degrees celsius above melting point of paraffin. |
| M63. Sections of brain wash after instaning can be adhered by coding slide with. A. Carbowax B. Polyethylene glycol C. Paraffin D. Poly-l-lysine | M63. D. Poly l lysine coated slides are used for mounting tissues that tend to wash off during staining and also for frozen sections of fixed tissue. |
| M64. Frozen sections are required when. A. Excellent morephologic details required. B. Immediate microscopic evaluation is needed. C. Demonstration of cytoplasmic I g g needed. D. Retinal pathology is suspected | M64. B. Frozen sections are required for immediate microscopic evaluation. |
| M65. When frozen sections bunch up at the knife edge and cannot be flattened one explanation is. A. The blade is too warm. B. Chuck is not clamped firmly. C. Tissue is not parallel to the blade edge. D. Microtome is not advancing properly. | M65. A. A warm knife will cause a frozen section to bunch up and not slide under an anti roll plate or be flattened with a brush. |
| M66. One of the reasons of sections sticking to each other or to parts of the microphone is. A. Air currents B. Radio operating in the room C. Static electricity D. Wrong air temperature | M66. C. Static electricity will cause paraffin to fly and stick to each other or to other parts of the microtome. |
| M67. Part of the preventative maintenance for a cryostat should include. A. keeping coils free of dust. B. Oiling microtome daily. C. Decontamination of cryostat daily. D. Pick up tissue shavings every other day. | M67. A. Preventative maintenance for cryostat should include keeping the refrigerant coils free of dust. |
| M68. Picture of tissue with what looks like a dragged scratch across half of it. Because of. . A. Dull blade B. Too large clearance C. Defect in blade edge D. Small focus of calcium | M68. D. Microtomy artifact appears to be a knife line caused by caused by focus of calcium. |
| M69. Which of the following problems will be seen in the paraffin sections that are floated out on a flotation bath that is too cold. A. Cracks B. Folds C. Separations D. Stretching | M69. B. Tissue will not float out properly if the flotation bath is too cold and wrinkles and folds will be the result. |
| M70. During microtomy several successive paraffin sections are compressed and wrinkled, to fix... A. Change to a new blade B. Increase the rapidity of cutting C. Check the paraffin melting point D. Increase floatation bath temp | M70. A. One of the causes of compressed or wrinkled sections is a dull knife,... blade should be changed. |
| M71. Cryostat Temps Monday--20 Tuesday -15 Wednesday -18 Thursday-23 Friday-26 Which day difficult sectioning of breast tissue? A. Mon B. TUE C. Thursday D. Friday | M71. B. Breast tissue especially if it contains any fat will not section well at the warmer cryostat temperature such as seen on tuesday the crios said should be at least -20 to -25. |
| M72. Which of the following should be substituted for gelatin as an additive to the flotation bath. A. Aminoalkylsilane B. Chromium potassium sulfate C. Poly-l-lysine D. Agar | M72. D. Agar may be added to the flotation bath instead of gelatin. |
| M73. During microtomy , faced block has a central area that's soft and mushy, tissue should have been. A. Chilled longer b4 facing B. Cut thicker at grossing table C. Left in paraffin longer D. Reprocessed before embedding | M73. B. The block may have been inadequately processed and it should be reprocessed.This should have been caught at the embedding table and the tissue reprocessed at that point. |
| M74. Lymph node tissue shatters when sectioned in a cryostat maintained at -20C. How to fix A. Switch to new blade B. Increase blade tilt C. Chill block with coolant D. Warm block slightly | D. Warming the block should allow better sectioning. Shattering occurs from block too cold. |
| M75. For good demonstration of myelin sheath paraffin sections should be.. A. Floated on cool water bath B. Cut 10-15um thick C. Coated with celloidin D. Dried at room temperature | M75. B. Sections of myelin sheath should be cut at 10-15 um |
| M76. In microtomy is important to know tissue type because it may change the requirements in.. A. Clearance angle B. Section thickness C. Flotation medium D. Blade temperature | M76. B. May change requirement in section thickness |
| M77. Prominent peripheral chatter is obtained this can be corrected by recutting block A. After soaking ice water B. Faster cutting C. Reembedding D. Greater clearance angle | M77. A. Peripheral chatter is usually the result of overdyhydration |
| M78. Slides used 4 mounting cryostat frozen sections should be kept at the same temp as A. Tissue B. Blade C. Operator D. Room | M78. D. Room temperature slides should be used for picking up cryostat sections |
| M79. Paraffin sections should be cut at 2 micrometers when studying... A. Basement membranes B. Myelin C. Amyloid D. Nerve fibers | M79. A. Slides should be cut at 2 um when studying basement membranes |
| M80. Block falls to advance during frozen, corrected by.. A. Changing blade angle B. Replacing blade C. Decreasing chamber temp D. Cleaning & oiling microtome | M80. D. In older cryostats, ice formation is not uncommon and this can be corrected by defrosting, cleaning, and lubricating the unit. |
| M81. H&E lymph nice shows overlapping nuclei. Section is... A. Overstained with hematoxylin B. Too thick C. If an abnormal node D. Appropriately sectioned | M81. B. Sections thicker than 5-6um will show overlapping |
| M82. Material of choice for immunoflouresc.. and enzyme studies A. Paraffin sections B. Cryostat sections C. Air dried imprints D. Alcohol fixed imprints | M82. B. Ihc and enzyme studied are primarily done on unfixed frozen sections. |
| M83. When femoral head sectioned, marrow sections but cortex fragments. Because? A. Decal too strong B. Embedding medium too hard C. Decal not rinsed out D. Compact bone undercalcified | M83. D. When cortex of a femoral head shatters most likely undercalcified |
| M84. Fingernail fixed and processed. Tissue is hard & sections are difficult to obtain. Get section by.. A. Soaking in water B. Warming the block slightly C. Soaking in solution that softens keratin D. Treating with decal fluid | M84. C. Fingernails are hard keratin so facing block and soaking in solution that softens keratin should help get section. |
| M85. Nuclear bubbling artifact caused by A. Leaving section too long on floatation B. Using too much adhesive in flotation C. Placing slide in hot dryer without allowing to drain D. Sectioning too rapidly | M85. C. When too much water remains under mounted section when slide is placed in dryer. Slides should be allowed to drain before drying |
| M86. According to histology quality improvement program most common artifact is A. Wavy sections B. Holes in sections C. Air bubbles D. Wrinkles and folds | M86. HQIP found wrinkles and folds with an average of 30% showing this artifact. |
| M87. Most common cause of tears& section fragmentation is A. Incomplete fixation and processing B. Flotation bath too cold C. Dull microtome blade D. Worn microtome parts | M87. A. When sections are incompletely fixed and or processed they tend to fragment, tear, or disintegrate in the flotation bath. |
| M88. The use of coolant sprays during sectioning may result in. A. Wavy sections B. Fragment sections C. Parched earth appearance D. Chatter or micro vibration | M88. C. Coolant sprays used in a block during microtome may cause cracking of the block, which will result in a parched earth appearance in the section. |
| M89. A very serious microtomy artifact in the histopathology laboratory. A. Squamous debris on section B. Contaminant from another tissue source C. Folds or wrinkles D. Compressed sections | M89. B. Carryover of tissue from one case to another is the worst artifact. The floatation bath should have the water skimmed between blocks or cases. |
| M90. Artifact seen in image. Looks like cracks in tissue A. Increasing blade tilt B. Sectioning more rapidly C. Soaking the faced block with moist cotton D. Cutting deeper in the block | M90. C. Tissue has most likely been over dyhydrated and soaking the faced block with moistened cotton will most likely improve sectioning. |
| M91. The preferred knife for cutting thin sections of epoxy embedded tissue is. A. Glass B. Steel C. Diamond D. Ceramic | M91. C. Diamond knives are preferred for cutting 90 nm sections of epoxy embedded tissue. |
| M92. A chatter is noted in several sections. All should be checked except. A. Overdehydrated tissue B. A dull microtome blade C. Overextended block holder shaft D. Too little blade tilt | M92. D. Too much. Not too little little blade tilt will cause chatter in microscopic sections. All other items listed will also cause chatter. |
| M93. Skeletal muscle frozen in isopentane and liquid nitrogen holes seen in h&e problem caused by. A. Non-isometrically fixed tissue B. Sectioning too soon C. In isopentane 2 long D. Isopentane not cold enough | M93. D. The isopentane should be at -150°C.For the best freezing of skeletal muscle tissue.If it is not cold enough the freezing is slower and holes will be seen in the sections. |
| M94. Thick sections for electron microscopy or sections to be viewed with the light microscope or cut at. A. 4-6 nanometers B. 60-70 nanometers C. 0.5 to 1.0 micrometers D. 4 to 6 micrometers | M94. C. Thick sections for electron microscopy.Primarily for orientation by light microscopy are cut at 0.5 to 1.0 U.M. |
| M95. Picture of what looks like pancreatic islet asks what it should be cut at. Looks like PAS control slide A. 2um B. 4um C. 6um D. 8um | M95. Picture of kidney should be cut at 2Um |
| M96. When cutting frozen sections, tissue becoming detached from chuck most likely because. A. Gum tragacanth used embedding medium B. Chuck at room temp C. Chuck too cold D. Embedding medium @ room temp | M96. C. The chuck was too cold when the embedding medium was applied |
| M97. Sectioning fix tissue with a cryostat may be improved by. A. Chilling in the fridge before freezing B. Freezing tissue very slowly C. Using gum tragacanth to mount the tissue on object disc D. Infiltrating with 30% sucrose b4 freezing | M97. D. Infiltrating fixed tissue with 30% sucrose will greatly improve cryotomy. |
| M98. Picture of tissue with lengthwise cracks running through. Most likely caused by. A. Cutting too rapidly B. Incomplete dyhydration C. Too little blade tilt D. Floatation bath too hot | M98. A. Cutting to rapidly will cause the artifact scene in the image one revolution of the hand wheel per second is appropriate for paraffin sectioning. |
| M99. Skeletal muscle frozen in isopentane & liquid nitrogen but holes seen in h&e. Problem prevented by A. Freezing in nitrogen alone B. Sectioning immediately after freezing C. Making sure isopentane is at - 150c D. Isometrically fixing the section | M99. C. Isopentane should be at negative 150° C for the best freezing of skeletal muscle tissue if it is not cold enough the freezing is slower and holes will be seen in the sections |
| M100. Sectioning by rocking the hands wheel.. A. This is acceptable practice B. Suggest to them that it can lead to thicker sections C. Suggest the chair height be adjusted D. Can lead to carpal tunnel syndrome | M100. A. Rocking the hand wheel of the microtone while sectioning is a bad practice and may lead to carpal tunnel syndrome entire arm should be used to make complete Revolutions of the hand wheel when sectioning with a non-automated microtome |
| M101. Pathologist requests a naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase stain, most appropriate section for that stain is. A. Unfixed frozen B. Formalin fixed frozen C. Formalin fixed paraffin D. Formic acid decalcified bone marrow | M101. C. Naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase stains are rare among the enzyme techniques because paraffin sections of any well fixed tissue may be used sections of bone maybe use provided decalcification was done with EDTA |
| M102. The sop for the following stain should indicate that the section be cut at. Picture of all blue stain A. 2-4 um B. 5-8 um C. 10-15 um D. 16-20 um | M102. C. The image shown is a luxo-fast blue stain for myelin and sections should be cut at 10 to 15 um. |
| M103. During sectioning of plastic blocks w/ an Ultramicrotome scratches r seen, caused by. A. Paraffin embedded and sectioned at 4-5 B. Paraffin embedded and sectioned at 10-15 C. Unfixed, frozen sectioned @ 4-5 D. Unfixed, frozen, sectioned @ 8-10 | M103. Grit or dirt in the plastic block will cause scratches in the section. If the block must be sectioned an old knife should be used. |
| M104. Microtome used for electron microscopy is called A. Rotary microtome B. Sliding microtome C. Freezing microtome D. Ultramicrotome | M104. D. The Ultramicrotome is used for sectioning for the electron microtome. |
| M105. For staining, muscle biopsies submitted for diagnosis should be. A. Paraffin embedded and sectioned at 4-5um B. Paraffin embedded and sectioned at 10-15um C. Unfixed, frozen and cut @ 2-5um D. Unfixed, frozen and cut @ 8-10um | M105. D. Enzyme stains are commonly done on muscle biopsies to distinguish between myopathic and neuropathic disease processes for an accurate diagnosis multiple enzyme stains are commonly done Frozen sections for these stains should be cut at 8 to 10 um |
| M106. Square object seen on far left of cassette. A. Hospital logo B. Linear bar code C. 2d bar code D. 3d bar code | M106. C. The square object is a 2d barcode that allows more information to be on the label such information may include the patient number, specimen type Etc |
| M107. Histotech produces sections that look like.. It has a wrinkle in it and areas that look like they're open. Why? A. Is knife tilt correct? B. How often blade changed? C. How fast is cutting speed? D. Are the ribbons being stretched? | M107. D. Ribbons should be stretched gently as they're placed on the flotation bath and small folds of wrinkles quickly teased out of the section |
| M108. Glass knives are being made for cutting thin resin embedded sections they should be broken. A. As needed B. Weekly C. Bimonthly D. Monthly | M108. A. Glass knives rapidly lose their edge so should be broken as needed. |
| M109. During sectioning of plastic blocks with an ultra microtome alternating thick and thin sections are seen problem caused by. A. Dirt B. A wet block face C. A loose blade D. An incorrect water level | M109. C. Alternate thick and thin sections usually result from either the block knife or block holder not tightly clamped |
| M110. A research project requires extra thick sections to be cut. Best microtome for this. A. Rotary B. Sliding C. Rocking D. Vibrating | M110. B. The sliding microtome is used for sectioning celloidin and large paraffin blocks. |
| M111. Coding a slide w a basic polymer in which a chemical reaction occurs leaving the amino groups length by covalent bonds to the Silicon atoms of the glasses called. A. Poly l lysine coating B. Plus slide creation C. Aminoalkysilane D. Cytologic | M111. B. Plus or positively charged slides are manufactured and described. |
| M112. Glass knives are used for sectioning tissue embedded in A. Celloidin B. Glycol methacrylate only C. Epoxy resin only D. Glycol methacrylate and epoxy resin | M112. D. Glass knives are used for cutting sections of plastic embedded material. Ralph knives are used to section glycol methacrylate embedded material and glass knives are also used for sectioning epoxy resin embedded material for electron microscopy. |
| M113. Sections for congo red shown will show yellow birefringence instead of apple green if the sections are cut at. A. 2 microns B. 5 microns C. 8 microns D. 15 microns | M113. D. Stain down was congo red. For proper green birefringence as seen should be cut at 8-10. Thinner sections will show red and thicker will show yellow. |
| M114. When considering purchase of new tissue processor all should be considered EXCEPT. A. Rigidity of protocols B. Reagent usage C. Necessity of validation D. Space and ventilation requirements | M114. C. Since all new instruments must be validated before being put into use, referee is no need to consider it when purchasing the instrument. The others should be considered when purchasing new instrumentation. |
| M115. Undercalcified bone can be sectioned most easily when embedded in A. Celloidin B. Plastic C. Water Soluble wax D. Paraffin | M115. B. Plastics such as glycol methacrylate provide an excellent support for very hard tissue such as undeecalcified bone and allows for 1-2 um sections to be cut. |
| M116. Before using new equipment all of the following must be verified except A. Side by side comparisons B. Availability of proper electrical wattage C. Need for ventilation or plumbing D. Need for LIS or internet connectivity | M116. A. Side by side comparisons are a part of the validation process that must be done before new instruments are put into use. The other consideration are part of the verification process. |
| M117. Trouble getting paraffin embedded blocks to ribbon, tissues embedded in 62° C m.p paraffin and room temp is 25 what would help A. Order lower m.p paraffin B. Soaking blocks ice water C. Warming b4 ribboning D. Lowering room temp | M117. Paraffin with melting point of 62 will be difficult to ribbon, as melting point increases so does ribboning difficulty. Paraffin with a lowering melting point should be ordered and put into use. |
| M118. Qc manual says okay to empty water bath every Friday. This procedure. A. Can be satisfactory B. Should be changed to emptied & cleaned twice a week C. May lead to bacterial contamination D. Probably increase section loss during staining | M118. C. Flotation baths should be cleaned thoroughly at the end of each day and left to dry overnight. Or section contamination may occur. |
| M119. Periodic acid methamine silver shows well impregnated basement membranes but glomeruli overlap. This could me corrected by cutting at. A. 2-3 micrometers B. 5-6 micrometers C. 8-9 micrometers D. 13-15 micrometers | M119. A. Kidney sections should be cut at 2-3 um for diagnostic evaluation, which usually includes PAMS stained sections. M |
| M120. Microscopic section of liver shows numerous irregular holes throughout tissue likely do to. A. The holes are portal triads B. Liver is difficult to cut C. Fixation has been prolonged D. Sectioning technique was poor | M120. D. Poor sectioning technique such as aggressive facing will cause holes in the sections. |
| M121. The knife required for sectioning glycol methacrylate tissue is made of. A. Aluminum B. Steel C. Glass D. Diamond | M121. C. Glass knives must be used for obtaining good thin sections of glycol methacrylate embedded tissue. |
| M122. Successive cryostat sections catch on one area in the middle of the anti roll plate. Most likely bcs anti roll plate is. A. Warmer than blade B. Colder than the blade C. Improperly adjusted D. Damaged | M122. D. Any damage in the edge of the anti roll plate will cause a problem with sectioning, such as catch on an area of the plate |
| M123. Amyloid control sections stained with crystal violet fail to show typical metachromasia of amyloid. Bcs? A. Sections were freshly cut B. Sections cut @4um C. An aqueous mountant was used D. Straining solution was acidified | M123. B. The metachromasia of amyloid stained with crystal violet stain will be much more prominent if the sections are cut at 10-12 |
| M124. Paraffin embedded tissue floated shows small holes in initial section and decrease in size. What to do A. Melt and reembed B. Resharpen the blade C. Decrease water bath temp D. Cut and discard ribbons until holes are gone | M124. D. Most appropriate action at this point if the tissue allows is to cut and discard ribbons until the holes disappear |
| M125. Picture of block and slide with incomplete section. Supervisor should check all of the following except. A. Embedding techniques B. Are sections taken too early C. Microtome blade defects D. Sections taken after tissue cut away? | M125. C. Not flattening the tissue during embedding, taking sections too early & taking sections after tissue has been cut away could all cause the incomplete section of the upper piece of tissue the tissue does not display blade defects. |
| M126. Image of section with areas that look incomplete A. Has been cut with dull knife B. Shows cell shrinkage C. Demonstrates a compression problem D. Does not show any problem | M126. B. A section shows cell shrinkage as demonstrated by the lamina propria pulling apart from the epithelium and artifactual spaces in the lamina propria this is most likely caused by not draining water from the slide before placing in a hot dryer |
| M127. Problem in image could have been prevented by A. Allowing the slide to drain longer before drying B. Sectioning with a sharper blade C. Floating on a warmer floatation bath D. Retracting the block holder shaft | M127. A. Slides should be allowed to drain for several minutes before drying as close to the melting point of the paraffin as possible |
| M128. Congo red showing faint red instead of apple green birefringence. Why? A. Drying sections too high temp B. Floating sections too long on Waterbath C. Cut @ 4-5 D. Not chilling block sufficiently | M128. C. Congo red stain sections that are too thin show faint Red birefringence, therefore the microtomist are probably cutting the sections at the routine 4 to 5 |
| M129. Problem in cryostat image can be corrected by. Image of small sponge like holes. A. Using different method of freezing B. Adjusting anti roll plate C. Ensuring use of high profile blade D. Decreasing blade tilt | M129. A. The holes seen in the cryostat section of brain tissue are Ice Crystal artifacts caused by slow freezing of the tissue. more rapid freezing will prevent this artifact |
| M130. Nuclear bubbling can be caused by all of the following except.. A. Incomplete fixation b4 processing B. Microwave drying of slides C. Overnight drying of slides D. Insufficient draining of slides b4 drying | M130. C. Nuclear bubbling artifact may result from all of the causes listed except overnight drying of slides |
| M131. Microtomist responsible for Image of slide with a dark cluster of spots in center, they should be counseled 4 A. Cutting sections too thick B. Not cleaning flotation bath between C. Using defective blade D. Insufficient draining b4 drying | M131. B. The carryover tissue from another block indicates that the flotation bath was not cleaned between blocks or between different cases |
| B132. Numerous air bubbles under sections, can be fixed with. A. Float sections for longer period of time B. Dry slides at a lower temp C. Allow the flotation bath water to stand overnight D. Drain slides well before drying | M132. C Allowing the flotation bath water to sit overnight before use will allow trapped air to escape |
| M133. Microtomist produces slides of the following problem looks like a section that has a bunch of tissue missing this is because A. Picking up sections too early B. Not cleaning flotation bath properly C. Drying slides 2 hot D. Blade defective edge | M133. A. The microtomist is most likely picking up sections too early other possible causes not listed or cutting too deep in the block and not flattening the tissue properly during embedding |
| M134. Pathologist complaining about floater contaminants most likely source of contamination is. A. Flotation bath B. Automated dip and dunk stainer C. Embedding procedures D. Grossing table | M134. Although the flotation bath was considered to be the source of tissue floater contaminants in the past, more recently the "dip and dunk stainers" have been identified as the major source of floater contaminants |
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