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Chem Final- Lect 18
Lecture 18- 9.1
Question | Answer |
---|---|
In 1828 Friedrich ________ prepared _____ from _______ and _______ | Wohler, urea, ammonia, cyanic acid |
What is the atomic number and group of carbon? | 6, 4A |
What is Carbon's electronegativity? | 2.5 |
What type of bonds does Carbon tend to form? | Covalent |
What makes a Carbon bond reactive? | heteroatoms (other elements) |
Are C-C and C-H bonds reactive on their own? | No |
Bonds of Alkanes? | single |
Bonds of Alkenes? | double |
Bonds of Alkynes? | triple |
What is special about Aromatics? | contain six carbon rings |
What are Hydrocarbons? | Contain only carbon and hydrogen |
What is it called when Hydrocarbons contain additional atoms or groups of atoms? | Functionalized hydrocarbons |
What is a group of atoms that is largely responsible for the chemical properties of the parent molecule? | Functional group |
Common functional group: Identify OH | Hydroxyl |
Common functional group: Identify NO2 | Nitro |
Common functional group: Identify NH2 | Amino |
Common functional group: Identify CH3 | Methyl |
Common functional group: Identify F, Cl, Br, and I | Fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo |
Common functional group: Identify CN | Cyano |
What is Paracetamol also known as? | Acetaminophen |
What is the organic compound called that can be found in spicy peppers? | Capsaicin |
Is caffeine an organic compound? | Yes |
What are most organic compounds derived from? | Hydrocarbons |
What does Aliphatic mean? What does it NOT include? | Class without benzene ring, does not include Aromatic |
Are Alkanes saturated Hydrocarbons? | Yes |
What is a saturated Hydrocarbon? | contain maximum of H atoms that can bond with the number of C atoms present. |
What is the general formula for Alkanes? | C(n)H(2n+2) |
Name the Alkane and chemical structure--> n=1 | CH4, methane |
Name the Alkane and chemical structure--> n=2 | C2H6, ethane |
Name the Alkane and chemical structure--> n=3 | C3H8, propane |
What shape is methane? | Tetrahedral |
In Alkanes, is there a rotation about the C-C single bond? If so, which element? | Yes, propane |
Alkanes are a homologous series. This means that they exhibit properties that vary in a regular and predictable manner. What do they differ in? | CH2 groups |
What are the first four Alkanes? | Methane, ethane, propane, butane |
What are the names for the rest of the Alkanes? (5-10) | pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane |
What state are the first four Alkanes in at room temp? | Gas |
What state are Alkanes n=4-10 in at room temp? | Liquid |
The melting and boiling points of Alkanes _______ by increasing molecular size because of the increasing ______ ______ | Increase, dispersion forces |
What are molecules with the same molecular formulas but different structure (different order of bonding atoms) called? | structural isomers |
Is n-butane linear or non-linear? What is the shape of the molecule? | linear, cylindrical |
Is Isobutane linear or non-linear? What is the shape of the molecule? | non-linear, spherical |
How many carbon atoms does an Alkane need to have to form a structural isomer? What is the first one called? | 4, butane |
Does n-butane or Isobutane have stronger dispersion forces? | n-butane |
What does iso imply? | non-linear, carbon connected to carbon |