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Piliavin details
Cambridge International Piliavin details
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the psychology being investigated in this study? | Bystander effect/apathy, diffusion of responsibility |
| What background event inspired the events? | The murder of Kitty Genovese, which was very public |
| Give the details of one previous study into similar topic matter | Latane & Darley found that the more witnesses there are, the less likely they were to help. |
| Where did this study take place? | New York subway train, between 59th st. and 125th st. |
| Give more details of the context of this study (place, time etc.) | It was on the 8th Avenue IND, weekdays between 11am-3pm in April-June, 1968 |
| How many confederates were in each research team? | 4 |
| Specify the roles occupied by the team members | 1 Victim, 1 Model, 2 Observers |
| Describe the role of the victim | They would stand next to the pole in the critical area, and after 70 seconds would stagger forward and collapse. |
| Describe the role of the model | There were four conditions: they were either critical (close by) or adjacent (other half of the car); and acted early (after 70s) or late (after 150s) |
| Describe the role of the observers | One would sit in the critical area and one in the adjacent. They would note the number of passengers and their race, sex and location, and their response to the victim |
| What was the sample in this study? Give any other details | Approximately 4,450. 60% were male, 40% female. 55% white, 45% black. Mean no. of people per car was 43. |
| What was the sampling method in this study? | Opportunity |
| What was the type of experiment in this study? | Field |
| What was the experimental design in this study? | Independent Groups Design |
| List the independent variables in this study | Race of victim; whether the victim carried a cane or alcohol; where and when the model reacted; number of bystanders |
| List the dependent variables in this study | Time taken by bystanders to react; race and gender of the bystanders |
| What were some control variables in this study? | Victims all wore the same outfit (Eisenhower jackets, slacks and no tie); same train service; same instructions for the victims |
| How did the state of the victim affect helping behaviour? | More help given to the victim with a cane (62/65) than the 'drunk' one (19/38) |
| How did the race of the victim affecting helping behaviour? | There was an own-race bias, with 52/81 helpers having the same race as the victim |
| How did the gender of the bystanders affect helping behaviour? | Though 60% of bystanders were male, 90% of helpers were male |
| How did the group size affect helping behaviour? | The larger the group, the more likely they were to help |
| Give an example of a comment made by a bystander | “It’s for men to help him.” “I’m not strong enough” |
| Give two or more conclusions from this study | More people help someone who is not responsible for their own problem; there is an own-race bias in helping; men are more likely to help |
| Why might this study lack historical validity? | It was carried out in 1968 - people may be more or less likely to help in modern times |
Created by:
MrSamBlakeley