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Bordeaux grape variety that dominates Haut-Medoc, important in graves, where does well with high stone/gravel soils for late ripening (especially in cool/wet years) and 3/4 of finest blends in region
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Bordeaux grape variety that is more in St. Emilion than graves and medoc, less body and tannins than Cab sauv, can be herbacous or stalky if unripe, adds fruit and floral to blends when ripe, prefers warm, drained soils
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WSET level 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bordeaux grape variety that dominates Haut-Medoc, important in graves, where does well with high stone/gravel soils for late ripening (especially in cool/wet years) and 3/4 of finest blends in region | Cabernet Sauvignon |
| Bordeaux grape variety that is more in St. Emilion than graves and medoc, less body and tannins than Cab sauv, can be herbacous or stalky if unripe, adds fruit and floral to blends when ripe, prefers warm, drained soils | Cabernet Franc |
| Most widely planted grape variety in Bordeaux (esp St.. Emilion and Pomerol with cooler clay soils), adds softness to blends, used for high volume inexpensive wines also | Merlot |
| Bordeaux grape variety that only ripens in very hot years, least widely planted, offers deep color, spicy notes and tannins to blends, ages slowly | Pertit Verdot |
| Location with variation in techniques, sometimes wines blended in spring after vintage, top quality in Barriques and new casks with generics not seeing oak | Bordeaux |
| Bordeaux grape variety with thin skin, susceptible to rot, makes sweet wines, blends with sauv blanc and found in Pessac-Leognan and Graves (adds body to blends) | Semillon |
| Bordeaux grape variety that dominates Haut-Medoc, important in graves, where does well with high stone/gravel soils for late ripening (especially in cool/wet years) and 3/4 of finest blends in region | Cabernet Sauvignon |
| Bordeaux grape variety that is more in St. Emilion than graves and medoc, less body and tannins than Cab sauv, can be herbacous or stalky if unripe, adds fruit and floral to blends when ripe, prefers warm, drained soils | Cabernet Franc |
| Most widely planted grape variety in Bordeaux (esp St.. Emilion and Pomerol with cooler clay soils), adds softness to blends, used for high volume inexpensive wines also | Merlot |
| Bordeaux grape variety that only ripens in very hot years, least widely planted, offers deep color, spicy notes and tannins to blends, ages slowly | Pertit Verdot |
| Location with variation in techniques, sometimes wines blended in spring after vintage, top quality in Barriques and new casks with generics not seeing oak | Bordeaux |
| Bordeaux grape variety with thin skin, susceptible to rot, makes sweet wines, blends with sauv blanc and found in Pessac-Leognan and Graves (adds body to blends) | Semillon |
| Bordeaux grape with citrus and green fruit, only (occasional) exception to Bordeaux all blends, adds acidity to blends (especially important in sweet wines) | Sauvignon Blanc |
| Bordeaux grape that is grapey and floral, used for blends of dry and sweet wines | Muscadelle |
| Premium wines from this location are in new oak and increase in nutty flavor when compared to their fresh and fruity, inert matured, occasionally toasted oak lower end counterparts | Bordeaux |
| what is used in Bordeaux sweet wines | Noble rot |
| Which moderate maritime climate location has gulf streams (warm ocean current = protect spring frost, extends growing season into october), atlantic (high rainfall), landes forrest and costal sand dues (protect from Atlantic storms), rain all year? | Bordeaux |
| Where does rainfall all year disrupt flowering and fruit set, promote rot, dilute flavors at harvest? | Bordeaux |
| What has happened to bordeaux with climate change? | Warming climate and changes in canopy management = healither grapes for more sugar and flavor |
| How do blends in bordeaux counteract the weather variability? | Drastic weather variations make relying on one variety too risky to acheive quality grapes and thus blends are common |
| What is a chateaux in Bordeaux? | Estates - Except St. Emilion, classifications in Bordeaux are outside appellation and classificaiton ranks estates and not individual vineyards, can vary with purchase/sale of idividual vineyards |
| What happened at the 1855 Paris Universal Exhibition? | Bordeaux chamber of commerce was requested to make a list of the best wines from the areas called the "1855 classification" |
| How many ranks are there in Medoc for cru classe and which do you need to know? | 5 - Chateaux Latife Rothschild - Latour - Margaux - Mont Rothschild |
| How many ranks are there in Sautern for cru classe and which is important? | 3 - Chateaux d'Yqueam |
| What are "Cru Bourgeois"? what are they and when are they renewed? | Cheteaux in Medoc that are not ranked with the Cru classe Top down: Cru Bourgeois Exceptionel > Cru Bourgois Superieur > Cru Bourgeois 5 years |
| What appelations will you find in graves? | All cru classe |
| What is the appellation system in St. Emilion Grand Cru and what are the best and next best? | IN appellation system WIthin area - best = "St Emilion Grand Cru" Next: "St. Emilion Premeir Grand Cru Classe - A (best) or B (lesser) Lower: "St. Emilion Grand Cru classe |
| What does Dordogne and Garonne rivers make? | Gironde Estuary |
| Which regions are left and right bank in Bordeaux and which is in between rivers?? | West/south: Medoc, Graves, Sauterns (left) B/W Dordogne and Garonne = Entre-Deux-Mers North/east: St. Emilion and Pomerol (right) |
| How many appellations are there in bordeaux that don't form a hierarchy? | 50 |
| What is the appellation for a french easy drinking, med body, ripe red/black fruit, sometimes cedar (from oak) with lighter and more astringent tannins? | "Bordeaux" "Bordeaux Superior" |
| What are the charachteristics of white wine from Bordeaux? | Sauv blanc dominated Vibrant and grassy |
| What is the appellation for french Rose that is fresh and fruity from bordeaux? | "Bordeaux Rouge" "Bordeaux Clairet" |
| How is Bordeaux Clairet different from rose from Bordeaux (in style and winemaking)? | Popular on french market Longer maceration -> deeper color and fuller body |
| What part of bordeaux has clay soil with outcrops of gravel, merlot dominated, easy drinking wines? | "Medoc" - Bas-Medoc |
| What part of Bordeaux has Saint-Estephe as northern limit and "communes" (smaller areas within it)? | Haut-Medoc |
| What communes in Haut Medoc are important to know that create whines that have more cab sauv than other parts of medoc, black currant, cedar (from oak), with grippy tannins when young and long aging potential? | Saint-Estephe Pauillac Saint-Julien Margaux |
| What area in Graves is just south of Bordeaux city,gives highest rating, soil suited for cab sauv and offers wines that are lighter in body and more fragrant than Haut-Medoc? | Pessac-Leognan |
| What kind of wines (when compared to Pessac-Leognan) do you find more south in Graves? | Less concentrated and complex More merlot grapes |
| Where in the right bank do you find wines that are on warm and well drained gravel and limestone soils, made of more cab franc than cab sauv? | Pleateau north and west of St Emilion in Saint Emilion region |
| Where on the right bank do you find clay and limestone soils? | Escarpment of Saint Emilion south and east of Saint Emilion |
| Where on the right bank do you find the most prstigious region with med to high tannins, softer and richer wines than left bank, complex red berry and plum with tobacco and cedar with age? | The most prestigeous wines of St.Emilion that are on the plateau north and west of Saint emilion as well as the Escarpment of Saint Emilion that is south and east of the town |
| Where on the right bank do you find wines that are lighter in body and less prestigious than the other two areas this region and on sandy soil? | Foot of escarpment in Saint-Emilion |
| Where do you find wines that are richer, spiciery and with more blackberry but the same reputation as Saint- Emilion on right bank? | Pomerol |
| what kinds of wines used to be made to be very ripe with full body and no expense spared? | Vins de garage |
| Whave shifts have been make on right bank in terms of wine making? | Moving towards less ripe, more fresh wines |
| what surrounds Pomerol and Saint-Emilion | Appellations with merlot wines of similar style |
| What are the important regions for merlot based easy drinking wines from the Cotes de Bordeaux? These are good value for money. | Blaye Cadillac Catillon Francs |
| What sweet wine is not assocaited with Cotes de Bordeaux | "Premier cotes de bordeaux" |
| Where do you have similar wines but not yet an addition to Cotes de Bordeaux wines? | Cotes de Bourg |
| What do you call a white wine from Bordeaux between the rivers that is predominantly sauv blanc and unoaked? What about red from here? | "Entre-Deux-Mers" Otherwise red = "generic appellation" |
| What kind of white wines do you find in Graves and Pessac-Leognan | Unoaked sauv blanc |
| Where do you find the best whites in france that are eligable for "cru classe", blends of sauv blanc and semillon that are partially matured in new oak (give toasty oak flavors)? | Pessac-Leognan |
| What can you call whites from Medoc and Sauterns? | "Bordeaux" |
| Which rivers provide misty autumn conditions to create noble rot for sweet wines but some years require passerillage for sweetness? | Banks of Garonne and Ciron in Bordeaux |
| Where do you find Sauternes? | West bank of Garonne |
| what do you call a wine from semillon (thin skin, suceptible to noble rot) and sauv blanc (acidity, fruit), muscadele (exotic perfume), high acidity/alcohol/sweetness, apricot/citrus (noble rot), toast/vanilla (oak ferment/mature) | "Barsac" "Sauternes" |
| What is the general area that is east of Entre-Deux-Mers with similar climate to Bordeaux but less moderating maritime influences? | Dordogne |
| What region has same grape varieties as bordeaux and can be red or white within Dordoge? | Bergerac |
| What region within Dordogene produces good value boytrytised sweet wines from Semillon and Sauv blanc? | Monbazillac |
| What is east of Bordeaux and historically made black, long-lived tannic wines on either side of river from malbec (more than merlot and tannat)? | Cahors |
| Which areas best wines are aged in oak, deep in color, high tannins with intense dark berry and mature slowly to get cedar and earth from malbec (more than merlot and tannat) grapes? | Cahors |
| Where in southwest france can you find IGT wines that are dry, light body from Ugni blanc grapes with green apple flavors? | Cotes de Gascogne |
| Where in south west france can you find red blends that are deeply colored, highly tanninc, tannat grapes that take long bottle aging to soften tannins? | Madiran |
| How have modern techniques changed wines from Madiran? | Riper grapes and modern technologies have led to black fruit with softer/riper tannins to combat the high tannins of the Tannat grape found here |
| Which area in the South west France at the foothills of the Pyrenees make dry and sweet white wines from Petit Manseng grapes that are free from botrytis, use pesserillage, apricol and grapefruit flavors with occasional spicy aromas (new oak)? | Jurancon |
| This area cool (north)/moderate (south) continental, location determines quality, best mid slope (shollower soil) south or south east slopes (protect westerly winds), with varying soil (geologic faults and gradual erosion = soil diff over small area)? | Burgundy |
| Which area climate risks include: grey rot (pinot noir), rain (early summer flowering and harvest), spring frost (chablis), hail (summer)? | Burgundy |
| Burgundy appellation when not right to more superior appelation? | Regional/generic (occ higher rank can get declassified to protect prestige of superior appellation 2/2 excessive yield/poor quality) |
| What are the generic appellations (and grapes) for burgundy reds and whites? | Burgogne Rouge (pinot noir) Burgogne Blanc (chardonnay) |
| What areas in Burguundy have a regional appellation? | Burgogne Hautes Cotes de Nuits Burgogne Hautes Code de Beaune Burgogne Cote d'Or Burgogne Cotes Chalonnaise Macon (red or white) Macon villages (white only) |
| What does "commune" mean on label in burgundy? | Above regional appellation Will be on label Occ single vinyard if not premeir or grand cru Can use "village" instead of "commune" |
| What appellation in Burgundy is above village, can have multiple owners, there are over 600 and can add name of village prior to this name? | "Premiers cru" |
| What appellation in Burgundy is the top heirarchy, with 32 in Cote d'Or and 1 in chablis? | "Grands Cru" |
| What is a climat, where is it found and how many are there? | The only Grand Cru in Chablis is divided into 7 plots called "climats" |
| Grape in burgundy that is lean, steelly and high acid north (chablis), complex and expressive (cote d'Or), fuller bodied/riper (macon), and is premier for premium of this brand worldwide | Chardonnay |
| Which location is the pioneer for premier charonnay worldwde with barrerl fermentation, (6-9 mos) barrel aging, malolactic conversion and lees in maturation? | Burgundy |
| WHat happened 20 years ago to chardonnay in burgundy | Premature oxidation was noted |
| What Burgundy grape is white, naturally high acid and rare? | Aligote |
| what grape in Burgundy is easy drinking red with ripe berry and low tannins? | Gamay |
| What grape in burgundy is most important in Cote d'Or, red fruit in youth, age = earth, game, mushroom, high acid, low to med tannin with varying techniques but best gets 16-18 mos barrel aging (new oak varies)? | Pinot noir |
| Where does Massif Central run along western limit providing east and south east slopes? | Cote d'Or |
| What do you call a red or white wine from Cote d'Or that doesn't fit another classification? | "Burgogne Cote d'Or" |
| What do you call a wine from west Cote d'Or (nuits or beaune), on higher altitude than main strip of vinyards, wines have less body/concentration than others in area (altitude + wind = cooler)? | "Burgogne Hautes" Cotes de Nuits or Cotes de Beaune |
| Is Cote de Nuits or Cote de Beaune more northerly in Cote d'Or? | Cote de Nuits |
| Where in Burgundy can you find fruitier pinot noir, but its more famous for chardonnay, "village" = red only? | Cote de Beaune |
| What villages/famous grand cru sites do you need to know for Cote de Beaune | Aloxe-Corton: Corton, Corton-CHarlemange Beaune Pommard (white only) Volnay (white only) Mersault (highest white reputation) Puligny-Montrachest and Chassagne-Montrachet share grand cru "Montrachet" |
| Where are the grand cru's in Cote d'Or based on reds/whites? | All reds (except one): Cote de Nuit All whites (except one): Cote de Beaune |
| Which area in burgandy is the village appellation for vineyards along the river serein, northmost part of burdungy, best = south slopes, only chardonnay planted, frost is a problem (sprinklers/heaters)? | Chablis |
| In terms of slope direction, where in chablis do you find: Basic village? Premeir and grand cru? Best? | Basic: north facing, flatter Premier/grand: south Best: south |
| which grape in burgundy is austere, green fruit, high acid? | Petit chablis and chablis |
| Which grapes in burgundy are riper and more concentrated, citrus more than green fruit, more body, high acidity, some old oak (rounder texture, subtle flavors) versus stainless steel/concrete (preserve fruit) | Chablis Premeir Cru chardonnay Chablis Grand Cru chardonnay |
| Where in Burgundy do you find the fullest body, longest lived pinot noir? | Cote de Nuits |
| What color is Cote de Nuit "village" wines? | Red or white |
| What villages and grand crus do you need to know (from north to south) for Cote de Nuits? | Gevrey-Chambertin: Chambertin, Chambertin Clos de Breeze Vougeot: Clos de Vougeot Vosne-Romanee: Romanee-Conti, La Tache, La ROmanee Nuits-Saint George |
| Where in Burgundy do you find chardonnay and pinot noir, higher altitudes (later harvest, less reliable ripening), hill sides (less consistently facing east = lighter, mature earlier)? | Cote Chalonnaise |
| What are the village appellations in Cote Chalonnaise you need to know? | Rully (sparkling + white > red) Mercurey (highest reputation) Givry (smallest) Montagny (whites): premeir cru but no grandscru |
| what is the regional appellation for Cote Challonaise? | "Burgogne Cote Challonaise" |
| Where in Burgundy do you find chardonnay with apple, citrus, medium acidity, medium to full body, malolactic conversion (hint of creaminess)? | Macon |
| Where in Burgundy do you find light, fruity and early drinking reds from Gamay > pinot noir? | Macon (regional appellation) |
| What villages in Macon do you need to know that make riper, richer more body reds similar to their whites, ripe tropical and stone, barrel aged (texture, flavor), limestone slopes of Roche de Solutre (S/SE facing), amphitheater like slopes & toasty oak? | Pouilly-Fuisse (some premier cru) Saint-Veran |
| Where do you find the richest/ripest chardonnay in Burgundy? | Pouilly-Fuisse and Saint-Veran in Macon |
| Where do you find Gamay dominated reds that are light and fruit and range from young to age worthy? | Beaujolais |
| What are the regional, village and top appellations for Beaujolais? | Beaujolais Beaujolias Vilages Beaujolais cru |
| Where is the climate like Maconnaise, with early budding and ripening of Gamay, yield management key (or xs = low quality), granite soil, low nutrient, in-trellised, pruned to spurs around head, shoots ties together vertically (inc mechanisation)? | Beaujolais |
| What grape is found in France and is fragrant, rasperry and cherry, rarely more than med tannins and body and served lightly chilled? | Gamay in Beaujolais |
| What is the name for wines in the north and west region of France with rolling hills, granite soils, 39 villages (names rarely on label), usually blends? | Beaujolais villages |
| What wines are found east and south of alluvial plain of River Soane, made by carbonic and semicarbonic maceration, low body and tannin, red berry, carbonic maceration = kirsch, banana, cinnomon like spice? | Beaujolais and Beaujolais Noveau |
| What wine is early drinking but can't be released until the 3rd thursday in november after vintage and CAN'T be sold to growers/nogiocants AFTER followiing August 31st, cant't sell to crus? | Beaujolais Noveau |
| What wine in france has 10 crus (sepearate appellations) in range of techniques, crushed fruit fermentaiton, some oak (larger > smaller), rarely new oak, some semi-carbonic maceraiton, some whole bunches? | Beaujolais crus |
| Which Beaujolais crus have the highest production? | Brouilly and Fleurie (lighter, more perfumed) Morgon and Moulin-a-Vent (more structure, improve with bottle age) |
| Which French wine uses a range of techniques with crushed fruit fermentation, some oak aging (large vats >casks), rarely new oak, some semi-carbonic maceration and some whole bunch fruit? | Beaujolais Crus |
| Which french region has cool to mod continental climate, vosges mountains (shelter from westerly rain-bearing winds), lack of clouds (drought problem, sunny summer, dry autum for high sugar), variety of soils in foothills, organic byodynamic viticulture? | Alsace |
| What is the local AC sparkling wine in Alsace called? | Cremant d' Alsace |
| Where are the best slopes in Alsace versus the lesser vineyards? | Best: steep slopes with east and south-east aspects Lesser: betweeen vosges foothills and rhine |
| How are vineyards trained in Alsace? | Low for radiated heat with rows to maximize sun exposure and hand harvested |
| What is not a big pressure in Alsace? | Disease (more organic biodynamic viticulture) |
| What are the challenges of harvest in Alsace? | Lots of small plots of land (high soil variation), lots of varieties. lots of ripening times = long harvest period |
| What are the noble grapes allowed in Alsace? | Riesling, Gewurztraminer, Pinot gris and Muscat (only ones used for VT, SGN and grand cru) |
| What is the name for blends in Alsace? | Edelzwicker or Gentility or brand name |
| What did traditional producers versus modern producers used for tanks in Alsace? | Traditional: large oak barrels (thick tartrate lining = limits oak flavor) Modern: stainless steel |
| Does alsace use MLC? | No |
| When are wines bottled in alsace? | Sping after vintage (while young/fresh) |
| WHat are the sweetness levels of VT and SGN in Alsace? | VT = med to sweet SGN = sweet |
| What are the names of sweetness in Alsace started in 2021? | Sec Demi-sec Molleaux Doux |
| Which appellation in alsace if most of region, single varietal, labled with that varietal if 100%, but also can have some blends and some appllations? | Alsace |
| What appellation in Alsace is from single NOBLE varietals only with over 50 of them with their own appellation? | Alsace grand cru |
| Which appellation in Alsace stands for late harvest, made from noble varietals, with min sugar levels, undergoes passerillage and some noble rot? | Vendanges Tardives |
| Which appellation in Alsace is from noble varietals, highest sugar requirement, from noble rot, small quanitities and not every year? | Slection de Grains Nobles |
| Which is the most widely planted varietal in Alsace with med to full body, med alcohol, dry, high acidity, citrus, stone, stony/steely character with some residual sugar and less floral than Germany's varietals? | Riesling |
| Which Alsace varietal has pungent aromas, spicy notes, lychee, roses, sweet baking spice, light pink tinged skin (golden wine), full body, rich oily texture, low to med acidity and HIGH alcohol? | Gewuztraminer |
| Which Alsace vareital is intensly aromatic, orange blossom, rose, grape, light to med body, light to med acidity, prone to poor fruit set and rot? | Muscat Blanc a Petis Grains |
| What Alsace vaerietal is more winely planted than Muscat Blanc a Petis Grains due to more reliability (but less aromatic)? | Muscta Ottonel |
| Which Alsace varietal is rich, full body and alcohol wiht more acidity, similar color and less aromatic than Gewuztraminer, rich texture, prounounced flavors, fresh and dried fruit and honeyed charachter? | Pinot Gris |
| Which alsace vareital is widely planted, on plains (versus slopes), makes sparkling wines, light/simple/refreshing and non-aromatic? | Pinot Blanc |
| Which Alsace varietal is similar to Pinot Blanc, slightly spicier, fuller body, and can be blended? | Auxerrios |
| Which alsace varietal is delicately perfumed with some richness (less than Gewurztraminer) and meant to be drunk young? | Sylvaner |
| Which is the only black grape in ALsace? | Pinot Noir |
| Which Alsace varietal typically lacks body and concentration but does better in warmer climates and uses oak for more concentration? Uusally used for light reds or rose? | Pinot noir |
| Which is France's longest river? | Loire |
| What are the 4 subregions of the Loire valley? | Central vineyards Touraine Anjou-Saumur Nantais |
| What is the IGP for the Loire Valley that is fresh, light and simple? | Val de Loire |
| Which french region is overall cool, 1 subregion continental, one maritime, anorthern limit of grape growing with variation in wather patterns year to year with fungal and rainfall problems with best slopws southern aspect mid slope facing the river? | Loire Valley (centra vineyards = continental versus Nantais = maritime) |
| Which loire valley vareital has high acid (help age), non-aromatic, mostly in Touraine and Anjou-Saumur, one bunch = different ripeness (herbaceous if not careful) requiring multiple passes at harvest? | Chenin Blanc |
| Which varietal in Loire valley has fresh apple to tropical notes (pending ripeness at harvest) with steely, smoky notes when dry? | Chenin blanc |
| Which variteal in Loire valley can age for decades, has apricot and citrus peel when sweet (noble rot)? | Chenin blanc |
| Which varietal in Loire valley can be young and dry or sweet and why? | Chenin blanc - vareities of climates and soils |
| Where in the Loire Valley can CHenin blanc be dry to luciously sweet, cool climate, clay soils, light to med body, fresh fruit and floral flavors and rarely fermented or matured in new oak? | Vouvray |
| Which area in Loire valley can chenin blanc be sparkling in traditoinal method? | Saumur |
| Which area in Loire Valely can chenin blanc be dry with sometimes new oak maturation? | Anjou |
| How does the soil and climate in Saumur compare to Anjou? | Similar |
| Where in Loire Valley is warm and dry, with chenin blanc that is med to full body, less floral than other places? | Savennieres and Coteaux du Layon |
| Where in Loire Valley is Chenin Blanc full bodied, dry, good air flow impede norble rot, can get late havest, complex, dry and can age for decades in bottle? | Savennieres |
| Where in Loire Valley is Chanin blanc most renown sweet wine in world, with shelter valley of river Layon, south of Loire where noble rot develops well? | Coteaux du Layon |
| What are the two best places in Coteaux du Layon to get own chenin blanc with own appellation and ranked top sweet wine in world? | Quarts de Chaume Bonnezaux |
| Which subregions in Loire valley do you find Sauv blanc? | Central vineyards and Touraine |
| Where in Loire valley do you find limstone soils that grow dry, high acid, green apple, wet stone, subtle smoky falvors, not for bottle age sauv blanc? | Sancerre and Pouiily Fume (smoky) |
| Where can you find expressive sauv blanc in Loire valley that can age in bottle (whereas the rest can't)? | Chavignol Les Monts Damnes |
| Which varietal in Loire valley uses gentle pneumatic pressing with temp controlled stainless steel (maintain fresh and fruit), some oak + lees, some new oak, +/- MLC? | Sauvignon Blanc |
| What is Menetou-Salon known for? | Same style sauv blanc as sancerre |
| What is Sauvignonde Touraine known for? | Less concentrated, simple and fruit Sauv blanc in TOuraine |
| What varietal in Loire valley ripens easily, frost-resistatn, found in Nantais, dry, ~12% etoh, large oak -> stainless steel, high acid, light body, subtle gree fruit for young drinking? | Melon blanc |
| What are the other names for Muscadet in Loire Valley? | Melon Blanc or Melon de Burgone |
| What vareital in Loire Valley is the best melon blanc with bottling in year following vintage, winter on lees (richer) with little handling to maintain delicacy and freshness? | Muscadet Serve et Maine (or Muscated Serve et Maine) Sur Lie |
| Which varietal in Loire valey has range of styles depending on climate, soil and technique and is a black grape? | Cab franc |
| Where in Loire valley do you find cab franc that is lighter body, drunk young, served chilled and can have floral (violet) with some higher body/tannin/age worthy? | Saumur and Saumur-Champigny (floral) |
| Which areas in Touraine are known for Cab franc? | Chinon (south of Loire) Bourguiel and Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil (north) |
| Where do you find cab franc in the Loire Valley that can either be light and fruit/easy drinking from sandy soil or fuller body with more tannins on south-facing slopes with limestone and clay soils, where some use oak and some bottle age for years? | Touraine |
| Where in Loire valley do you find fruity and easy drinking Gamay? | Touraine and Anjou |
| Where in Loire Valley do you find light Pinot Noir? | Central valley |
| What is the name for the Loire valley wine from Anjou-Saumur that is dry with a range of grapes from Cab franc and cab sauv? | Rose de Loire |
| What is the name for a rose in Loire Valley that is med dry, med sweet, from cab franc and cab sauv? | Cabernet d'Anjou |
| What is the name for the rose in the Loire Valely that is less sweet from Grolleau (black) + cab franc + other local grapes? | Rose d' Anjou |
| Where in the Loire Valley is rose dry, fresh and fruity? | Touraine |
| Where in the Loire valley is Rose from pinot noir grapes, pale, light body, dry and delicate? | Sancerre |
| Where in France is rose direct press or short maceration in inert, temperature-controlled vessels to retain fruit flavor? | Loire Valley |
| Which part of Rhone in France has steep slopes, next to river rhone between vienna in north and valence in south, small part of overally wines but many premium wines for the area? | Northern Rhone |
| Where in france is there a narrow and steep valley with vineyards close to river, with best vineyards on steep south slopes with lateral vallleys that feeed rhone river that protect from mistral (can damage grapes) with stapes or teepee like stakes? | Northern Rhone |
| WHich part of Rhone valley is climate like Beaujolais (moderate, continental) but cooler than southern rhone? | Northern Rhone |
| Where in france is there powerful syrah reds with some whites with good reputation (ex: viognier)? | Northern Rhone |
| Which NRhone grape: only black, latitude + mistral = very north part to ripen, best = steep slopes, deep color, med/full tannin, black fruit, occ black pepper/flora, some oak, ferment w/white (ex viognier stabilize color, + aromatic intensity), most 100% | Syrah |
| Which NRhone grape is full body, perfumed, blossom, apricot, stone, low acidity, full alcohol, late ripen (low acid, high sugar), careful handling (overwhelm oily charachter), new oak (careful), small amount of late harvest off-dry? | Viognier |
| What NRhone grapes are usually blended (one adds richness and weight; one adds acidity, perfumed fruit), not as aromatic as viognier, age: complex hazelnut? | Marsanne (rich/weight) and Roussane (acid/perfume) |
| Can you make generic Cotes du Rhone? | Yes but most one of cru appellations |
| Where in NRHone is roasted slope, around Ampuis town, most northly applelation, one red, up to 20% viognier, deep color, full body, spicy, aromatic, floral, textural elegance? | Cote Rotie |
| Where in NRhone is viognier only, low yield, old vines, sleep, well-exposed, terranced vineyards? | Condrieu |
| Where in NRhone is known for great Viognier? | Chateau-Grillet in Condrieu |
| Which part of NRHone is on western bank, from Condrieu (north) to Tournon (south), mostly syrah reds, some Marsanne and Roussanne whites, best: terraced Vinyards near tournon (flavor/structure like hermitage) and some south of condrieu? | Saint-Joseph |
| Which area in NRhone makes light body high volume reds from syrah (some marsane and rousane) with carbonic maceration, fertile flatter valley floor and plateau above slopes with peppery notes? | Saint-Joseph |
| Which area in NRhone is behind Tain-l'Hermitage, steep south facing slopes, divided into "Lieux-dits" (named sites not part of appellation), varies in steepness and aspect (variety of styles and body) with best whites are blends? | Hermitage |
| Where do you fgind the fullest bodied NRhone wines that age well with up to 15% Marsanne and Roussanne fermented with Syrah? | Red Hermitage |
| Where in NRhone is most important in terms of voluime, mixed terraine, north = slopes (conc), south = planes(lighter), reds syrah (up to 15% Marsanne or Roussanne), quality/style varies, some oak age, not as reputable as Hermitage or Cote Rotie, some whit | Crozes-Hermitage |
| Which NRhone is the most counterh cru, most warm, shtelered, well exposed sun-baked south slopes, lateral valleys, 100% syrah only, deep color, full body, quality similar to Hermitage? | Cornas |
| Is S Rhone or N Rhone larger? | Southern RHone |
| Is southern rhone known for reds, white or rose? | Reds (BLENDS) >>> whites and rose |
| Which French region valley opens south & flatter, best vineyards on stony soils (ex: "gallets" in CDP), mediterranean climate, mild winter, warm dry summer, drought problem, mistral increases speed, windbreaks help, bush trained grenahce, trellising syrah | Southern Rhone |
| Which Southern RHone variety dominates reds, most widely planted, fully ripens in warm summer, concentrated spiced red fruit, baked/jammy in excess heat? | Grenache |
| Which black grape in Southern RHone support grenach to provide color and tannins but struggles with hottest sites? | Syrah |
| Which black grape in Southern Rhone supports grenach, northern limit of ripening, deep color, high tannin, black fruit, gamey and meaty (prized, esp CDP)? | Mourvedre |
| Which black grape in Southern Rhone supports blends with red fruit >>>tannin and color, blends for fresh fruity rose? | Cinsault |
| Why use cold-prefermentaiton maceration, stainless steel storage versus warm extractive fermmentaiton in open fermenters with large old oak maturation, blends, min new oak (overhwlems flavors)? | To balance high tannin and alcohol in Southern Rhone wines |
| Where do blends vary from light/med body and fresh fruity with low tannin to full body with spice, meat and earth and high tannins and known for blends to deal with high tannin/alcohol? | Southern Rhone |
| Where do you find whites as a minority of viognier, marsanne, roussane, clairette, grenache blanc and bourblanc? | Southern Rhone |
| Where in France do you find whites that are rich texture, full body, high alcohol, low to med acidity, sublte fruit and rarely in new oak? | Southern Rhone |
| Where in Southern Rhone is more than 1/2 entire production, mostly reds, med body, simple but fruity, reds >>> rose and white? | Cotes du Rhone |
| What is the appellation in Southern Rhone for wines from Grenache, Syrah and Mourvedre, best outside cru, uses name if 100% from taht area, more body, strcture and spiced red than generic and can apply for cru? | Cotes du Rhone Villages |
| Which region on east bank of Rhone, largest of all cru, FIRST to get AO status, flat (small variations matter), lots soil/aspects, 13 grapes, grenache dominates, some add gamay and mourvedre (meaty), best: full body, rich, spiced red, high alcohol? | Chateauneuf-du-Pape |
| Which region is on west bank of Rhone with Rose only of grenache and cinsault, full body (compared to provence rose), intense flavor, age worthy? | Travel |
| Which region is west bank of Rhone, top quality red and white in CDP style and some rose? | Lirac |
| Which cru in Southern Rhone is reds, grenache leg blends, full-body and spicy like CDP but in it's shadow? | Gigondase and Vacqueyras |
| Where in Southern Rhone do you find separate AC for fortified muscats called "muscat ....(area)" | Beaumes de Venice |
| Which area spans mediterranean cost from Italy (east) to Spanish boarder (west) and contains Languedoc and Roussillon (west of Rhone) and Provence (east of Rhone)? | Southern France |
| Which region in France is warm mediterranean, some foothills, summer can be >30 degrees, mild winter, low rainfal, ideal grape growing, strong winds (mistral and tramontane - mastif central /pyranees), drought (less fungal) and summer floods? | Southern France |
| Which grapes are most widely planted in Southern France and make the IGP? | Chardonnay and Sauv Blanc |
| Besides chardonnay and sauv blanc, which international grape is planted in Southern France? | Viognier |
| Which local white grape is sweet and fortified and sometimes dry and grapey in southern france? | Muscat |
| Which local white grape is dry, soft peach, full body, low acidity, oxidizes easily blends often in Southern France? | Grenache Blanc |
| Which grape is found in southern France with high acidity, green fruit and citrus in Pinet? | Piquepoul |
| Which white grape is found in Southern France in Limoux? | Mauzac |
| Which white grape is found in Southern France in Roussillon? | Maccabeau |
| Which white grape is found in Southern France in Provence? | Rolle |
| Which white grape is found in Languedoc and Provence in Southern France? | Clairette |
| Which black grape is grown in Southern France and likes warm dry summers? | Grenahce |
| Which black grape is grown in Southern FRance and likes colder sites? | Syrah |
| Which black grape is grown in Southern France and has high tannin, acidity and color but lacks finesse and fruit, but does really well if old vines with proper soil, and semi-carbonic maceraiton softens tannins? | Carignan |
| Which black grape in Southern France is for rose and adds red fruit to red blends? | Cinsault |
| Which black grape in Southern France is only in warmest sites and adds richness, color and complexity to wines? | Mourvedre |
| Which international black grapes are grown in Southern France mostly for IGP wines? | Merlot Cabernet Sauvignon |
| Which French region has Audi, Herault and Gard with subappellations (ex: Minervois La Liviniere), all wines, carignan, grenach and syrah >>> Mourvedre, blends? | Languedoc |
| Which french region has large area, cooler: lighter tannin, more finese, best syrah; warmer: mourvedre, more body, meaty, gamey; can blend, best wines full body, spicy red fruit, oak | Languedoc |
| Which French region has soft and fruity rose? | Languedoc |
| Which french region is a department of pyrenees-orientals, with coates du Roussillon, fitou, cobieres, minervois, picpoul de pint, limoux? | Roussillon in Southern France |
| Which Southern france region is more ruggad and mountenace, with bright sun, low rain, strong winds and concentrated wines where best are villlage? | Coates du Roussillon |
| Which SOuthern France region is a warm costal strip with fuller body wines and cooler inland areas that have lighter wines? | Fitou in Roussillon |
| Which Southern French region has warm cosatl areas, altutude cooled by tramontane and 11 sub-regions where the best are BOutenac? | Cobieres in Roussillon |
| Which Southern French region is on the slopes of the Massif Central with varied wines based on altitude, soil, cooling from Atlantic and best subregion is La Livinere? | Minervis in Roussillon |
| Which Southern French region is near coast with cooling sea breezes and naturally high acidity wines? | Picpoul de Pinet in Roussillon |
| Which Southern French region has cooling from altutide and premium chardonnay? | Limoux in Roussillon |
| Where is the most IGP wine made in france? What is it called? The wine is large volumes of ripe fruity wine and excellent value for money | Languedoc and Roussillon Pays d' Oc |
| Which southern french region is protected from mistral by lots of hills and mostly makes pale, light to med body rose with delicate red fruit - also: fresh and fruit full body, barrel matured in oak reds - best: aromatic qualities of Rolle or Clairette? | Provence |
| Which is the largest appellation in Provence, mostly roses? | Cotes de Provence |
| What pocket of Provence makes premium reds from Mourvèdre grapes (ripens reliably), south facing terraced slopes, dark color, full body, powerful tannins with bramble, meat and licorice with bottle age? | Bandol (east of Marseille) |
| Where is cool continental climate, south in Baden warmer, wet summer, rain declines in autumn fduring final ripening and long, cool ripening (time to inc sugar/retain acidity) and can get noble rot? | Germancy |
| Where is there a variety of quality and quanity due to annual wather variations and small differences in vineyard locations? | Germany |
| Where are best sites steep, stony, south facing, hand worked vineyards, individual stakes with canes tied to top of stake (light and air circulation)? | Germany |
| Where are vineyards protected from frost by heat reflected by river and classified by must weight? | Germany |
| Where is harvest spread over weeks to months and you can get range of qual and prad from single vineyard? | Germany |
| What german variety is a cross of riesling and madeline royal, ripesn earlier than reisling (with less acidity and flavor), floral and fruity, less quality, 2nd MC white grape in Germany? | Muller-Thurgau |
| What is the german grape name for Pinot Gris? | Grauburgunder/Rulamder |
| What is the german grape for pinot blanc and usually labled with french or italian names and made in a dry style? | Weisburgunder |
| What is the 3rd MC black grape in germany (name for pinot noir), grown in warmer areas (esp Pfalz and Baden), dry style, light and fruity or concentrated with oak? | Spatburgundur |
| What is the german grape that is deeply colored? | Dornfelder |
| What ae the non-Pinot noir/spatbugunder and dornfelde black grapes in Germany that are light body, fruity, intense color, some oak and most qualitastswein for domestic market consumption? | Portugieser Trollinger Schwarzriesling (meunière) |
| What association in Germany is producer association, own classification of labeling, member classified vineyards, stricter growing and regulation, high quality wine focus with egalitarian on capsule? | Verband Deutsche Pradikatswein |
| What are the names for VDP single vineyards? | Verband Deutscher Pradikatswein Erstwhile Lage VDP Grosse Lage (best) Dry from Gross Lage = VDP Grosses Gewachs |
| What are GG wines in Germany? | Not regulated by German wine law but recognized for being the very best dry wines in Germany Has GG and a bunch of grapes on the neck of the bottle |
| What is the most widely planted grape in Germany whose expression varies due to region, climate and soil: delicate flora to ripe peach, dry to lusciously sweet? | Riesling |
| Which of the Q/P classification in Germany is dry, light and fruity to concentrated and intense? Can be med sweet | Qualitasweine |
| Which of the Q/P classification in Germany is some sweetness in general? But can be dry up to Auslese and is an indicator of style? | Pradikatsweine |
| Which of the Q/P classification in Germany is most delicate P, light body, high acidity, green apple, citrus fruit, residual sweetness, 8=9% etoh sweet or up to 12% dry, yeast stopped before fermentation complete? | Kabinett |
| Which of the Germany Q/P classsification is make like Kabinett, more concentrated, more ripeness, body, etoh and sweetness, citrus and stone (peach/apricot)? | Spatlese |
| Which of the Q/P classifications in Germany is made from individually selected, extra-ripe bunches, richer and riper, noble rot can be present? | Auslese |
| Which of the Q/P classifications in Germany is not made every year, not always noble rot, sweet, low alcohol, honey, dried stone fruit, candied peel, flowers, among best sweet wines in world? | BA |
| Which of the Q/P classifications in Germany is made from noble rot to obtain must weight, not made every year, sweet, low alcohol, honey, dried stone fruit, candied peel, flowers, among best sweet wines in world? | TBA |
| Which of the Q/P classifications in Germany is rare, not with noble rot, maintains varietal purity, careful selection of yeast and juice handling, avoid processes that change juice (ex: new oak and MLC)? | Eiswein |
| PDO/PGI - which are most German wines labels? | PDO |
| What is the German term for PGI? | Landwein |
| What is the German lable term for no GI? | Deutscher Wein |
| Qual or Prad: which is 13 wine growing areas and appears on label? | Qualitatswein |
| Qual or Prad: which is a category within the other, grapes have higher must weight and 6 levels based on weight? | Pradikatswein |
| What indicates sweetness on German wines? | Trocken = dry Halbtrocken = off dry or med Feinherb = another label for dry or medium |
| In Germany what is used on labels for grapes from region, from village and from single vineyard? | Name of region Village Village and Vineyard Name |
| Besides village and vineyard name, what other labels can be used on German labels for single vineyards? | Estes Gewachs Grosses Gewachs (dry, stricter regulations than other single villages) |
| What German River is a merge of the River Rhine to German boarder with Saar and Ruwer tributaries? | River Mosel |
| In Mosel, which grape can be used for GG wines? | Riesling |
| What villages in Middle Mosel need to be known? | Piesport Bernkastel Wehlen |
| Where do you find the best vineyards in Mosel? | Steep slopes, slate , next to river |
| How does Mosel wines compare to Rheingau, Rheinhessen and Pfalz? | Lighter body, lower alcohol, higher acidity, gree fruit |
| How do Saar and Ruwar wines (cooler areas) compare to Middle Mosel? | Smaller % plantings, style and quality similar, more acidity, may not ripen in cooler vintages and used for sparkling wines |
| Where in Germany is a continuation of Alsace, east of Haardt Mountains, 80 km strip from French border, driest region in Germany, water stress possible, mostly Riesling > Muller-THurgau > Grauburdunger and Weisburgunder, 40% black grapes? | Pfalz |
| Where in Germany is Dornfelder the 2nd MC grape, some portugisder (local markets), some spatburgunder, GG wines from Riesling, Weisburgunder and Spatburgunder? | Pfalz |
| Which region in Germany has the most established and quality vineyards around Forst and Deidesheim (“Mittlehaardt”), steep slopes, west of villages, pier and fuller Resiling, some wines outside region (ex: Rheinhessen) now drier? | Pfalz |
| German region between Mosel and Reinhessen, best: banks same named river, short sections between villages Schlossbovckelheim and Bad Kreuznach, steep south slopes, GG = reisling (style between Mosel and fuller ones), acidity high/mosel, slightly riper? | Nahe |
| Which German wine region is North Bank Rhine (west) and River Main (east), south aspect, protection by Taurus hills north, river/hill combination = optimal for ripening grapes | Rheingau |
| Where in Rheingau are dry, med to full body Reislings with ripe peach found which is also the most production region in Rheingau? | West region on slopes surrounding Johannesburg and Rudesheim |
| Where in Rheingau are riper, fuller body reislings from slightly warmer climates found? Where are the spatburgunder wines here made? | East region around Hochheim Villae West of Rudesheim in Village Assmannshausen |
| Why are some of Germany’s best BA and TBA made in Rheingau and what grapes are GG wines made from? | Humidity from Rhein Riesling or Spatburgunder |
| Where in Germany is the largest vine growing region, broad range black/white grapes, most planted is Muller-Thurgau and Reisling, 30% black = Dornfelder, Protugieser, Spatburgunder, GG = reisling or spatburgunder? | Rheinhessen |
| What is the name in Rheinhessen for steep slopes vineyards, West Bank of Rhine, around village Nierstein, some of the fullest bodied Reisling in Germany, getting reputation for innovation and excellence? | Rheinterrasse |
| What is the Germany most southerly and warmest wine region, fullest body, highest etoh, large area, 1/3 largest wine growing, narrow strip Rhine to Swiss Border, 1/3 concentrated around Kaiserstuhl and Tuniberg opposite Colmer in Alsace? | Baden |
| Where are the best vineyards that face south on Kaiserstuhl (extinct volcano) with top quality Spatburgunder (MC planted) > Muller-Thurgau > Grauburgunde > Weisburgunger > Reisling; GG = wide range? | Baden |
| Which German wine is early flowing and ripening, susceptible to frost, warmest sites necessary, found in Franken where it can achieve concetrations rarely achieved elsewhere in Germany? | Silvaner |
| Which German region is whites, high concentrated Silvaner, south facing around Wurzburg, dry, rich, often earth quality, flask-shaped bottles, spatburgunder can be west, GG = Silvaner, Riesling, Weisburgunder or Spatburgunder? | Franken |
| Which Austrian grape is it’s own variety, fresh, unexciting if yeild too high, high acidity, good concentration if controlled, young: citrus, stone, white pepper; Age: honey, toast; stainless steel or old oak ferment, some mature in new barriques? | Gruner Vetliner |
| What are regions in Germany called? | Anbaugebiete 13 of them |
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chavezc3