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Microbiology
Quiz Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What type of microscopes are used to examine structures down to the atomic level? | Scanning probe microscopes |
| The tool of choice to observe living microorganisms is the | phase-contrast microscope |
| Which of the following organisms is used in the production of cheese? | Propionibacterium shermanii |
| Low-power microscopes designed for observing fairly large objects such as insects or worms are | stereomicroscopes. |
| Fossils of prokaryotes go back __________ billion years. | 3.5 to 4.0 |
| Isotopes are atoms with | the same numbers of protons but a different number of neutrons. |
| The RNA nucleotide base that pairs with adenine of DNA is | uracil. |
| Particles of an atom located in the outermost shell and available for chemical bonding are called | valence electrons |
| The unit molecules (monomers) of carbohydrates are | monosaccharides. |
| Protons are | part of the atomic nucleus. |
| Enzymes that remove functional groups from a substrate without adding water, or that add functional groups to a double bond, are called | lyases. |
| In which phase of mitosis do the chromatids separate? | Anaphase |
| Peptidoglycan is typically found in the | cell wall. |
| The intracellular fluid has a high concentration of | potassium. |
| Which of the following structures is shaped like a hollow cylinder made out of tubulin proteins? | Microtubules |
| Nonchromosomal DNA molecules found in a bacterial cell are | plasmids. |
| The structures that can move fluid, mucus, or cells over the surface of a cell are | cilia |
| DNA replication occurs in which phase of the cell cycle? | S phase |
| The main function of spores in eukaryotic cells is __. | propagation |
| The net gain of ATP molecules after the breakdown of one glucose molecule in glycolysis is | 2 |
| Methanogens are __ that grow in anaerobic environments such as swamps. | archaea |
| Microorganisms that show optimal growth in moderate temperatures (between 25° C and 40° C) are called | mesophiles |
| Staphylococci are __ facultative anaerobes | gram-positive |
| Psychrophiles are also referred to as | cryophiles. |
| Microorganisms that grow only in the presence of oxygen are called __. | obligate aerobes |
| Which of the following is a host-dependent bacterium? | Rickettsia |
| Bacterial replication is accomplished primarily by | binary fission. |
| A fully assembled virus is called a __. | virion |
| Which part(s) of a virus aid in the attachment to the host cell membrane receptors? | spikes |
| The suffix -virales is given to the following terms within the taxon | Order |
| The correct hierarchical order for virus classification is | order, family, subfamily, genus, species |
| Picornaviridae are __ viruses. | RNA |
| Viral capsomeres are composed of subunits called | protomeres. |
| Viruses can infect | all organisms. |
| RNA viruses belong to which of the following types according to the Baltimore classification system? | III, IV, V |
| The most common viruses causing respiratory illness belong to | Adenoviridae. |
| The study of fungi is called __. | mycology |
| Which of the following are technically not microorganisms? | Helminths |
| The unique cell organelle found in the Archaezoa and that appears to be a remnant of mitochondria is called a(n) __. | mitosome |
| Which of the following is commonly referred to as a pinworm? | Enterobius vermicularis |
| The disinfectant and antiseptic that can be broken down by certain bacteria that produce the enzyme catalase is: | Hydrogen peroxide |
| Agents that kill microbes are classified as __. | microbicidal |
| Bacteria that thrive in extremely dry conditions are classified as __. | xerophiles |
| High salt or sugar content/concentrations make use of __ to destroy or inhibit the growth of microorganisms. | osmotic pressure |
| Ionizing radiation involves all of the following except | UV light |
| Chemically, agar is a | carbohydrate. |
| Which of the following stains is the most widely used differential stain in hematology laboratories? | Wright’s stain |
| A culture that contains a single species of an organism is a __ culture. | pure |
| Substances that kill bacteria are referred to as __. | bactericidal |
| In correct sequence, the five “I’s” in microbiology stand for | Inoculation, Incubation, Isolation, Inspection, and Identification. |
| The branch of pharmacology that addresses drug amounts at various sites in the body after drug administration is called | pharmacokinetics. |
| The body’s metabolism of drugs is called __. | biotransformation |
| The __ is the ratio between a drug dose causing undesirable effects and the dose that causes the desired effects. | therapeutic index |
| Drugs needed for diseases with fewer than 200,000 patients, and that fail to receive attention for development because of cost and need, are called | orphan drugs. |
| The term used to indicate the extent to which a drug reaches its site of action is | bioavailability. |
| Which of the following is not a common characteristic used in the selection of an antimicrobial drug? | Ability to administer intravenously |
| Drugs that are effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, but not all of them, are ________ activity drugs. | medium-spectrum |
| A drug that kills pathogenic bacteria is referred to as __. | microbicidal |
| Another term for the effectiveness of a drug is __. | efficacy |
| The term bacteriostatic means that bacteria | no longer can multiply. |
| The invasion used by Staphylococcus aureus is ____________. | leucocidin |
| The type of infection in which several infectious agents establish themselves at the same site is referred to as a | mixed infection. |
| Which type of symbiosis benefits both members? | Mutualism |
| A disease that breaks out only occasionally, such as typhoid fever in the United States, is referred to as a(n) __ disease. | sporadic |
| When a pathogen spreads from the original site to other tissues or organs it is called a(n) __________ infection. | focal |
| Cells infected with a virus produce glycoproteins that interfere with viral replication and impede its spread; these glycoproteins are called | interferons. |
| Delayed hypersensitivity is a result of __. | cell-mediated immune reactions |
| T cells (T lymphocytes) are divided into four categories | Killer T cells, helper T cells, suppressor T cells, memory T cells |
| The first line of defense that prevents microbes from entering the body includes | skin. |
| Which of the following cells is a granulocyte? | Basophil |
| It is often difficult for antibiotics to effectively reach the infection site of osteomyelitis primarily because of | destruction of the local blood supply. |
| Variola virus of the orthopoxvirus family causes the acute, highly contagious disease | smallpox |
| Which of the following is a type of acute infection generally caused by group A Streptococcus? | Erysipelas |
| Leprosy is also known as __. | Hansen's disease |
| “Athlete’s foot” is referred to as | tinea pedis. |
| Acne is caused by | Propionibacterium acnes |
| Leprosy is caused by __. | Mycobacterium leprae |
| Tinea capitis is a fungal infection of the | scalp. |
| Herpes simplex infections on lips and in the mouth are most commonly caused by | HSV-1. |
| Chickenpox and shingles are caused by the __ virus. | varicella-zoster |
| Rheumatic fever is a rare complication of __. | strep throat |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae is a | gram-negative, encapsulated bacillus. |
| Hantaviruses, which can cause disease in humans, are carried by __. | rodents |
| Anthrax is caused by | Bacillus anthracis. |
| Legionella pneumophila is a gram-negative bacillus that causes disease occurring in two distinct forms: __ and __. | Pontiac fever Legionnaire’s disease |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae is a gram-__ bacterium. | positive |
| The three forms of anthrax caused by Bacillus anthracis are __, __, and __. | cutaneous gastrointestinal inhalational |
| Which of the following organisms is commonly found in the normal flora of the upper respiratory system? | Staphylococcus aureus |
| Legionellosis affects mainly the __. | lungs |
| Whooping cough is caused by the organism | Bordetella pertussis. |
| Giardiasis is a waterborne gastrointestinal disease caused by Giardia intestinalis, which is a | protozoan. |
| Which of the following organisms produces aflatoxin, a carcinogenic substance? | Aspergillus flavus |
| “Rice water stool” is a characteristic symptom of the disease __. | cholera |
| Staphylococcal intoxication is caused by Staphylococcus __. | aureus |
| Cholera is a serious gastrointestinal illness caused by bacteria of the genus | Vibrio |
| __ are the most common causes of infectious diarrhea in infants and children worldwide. | Rotaviruses |
| Many peptic ulcers are due to | Helicobacter pylori. |
| Bacillary dysentery is also called | shigellosis. |
| The human pinworm Enterobius vermicularis lives in the __________ of humans. | rectum |
| Botulism is a disease caused by the production of a potent neurotoxin by bacteria of the genus | Clostridium. |
| In bacterial meningitis, some antibiotics are prevented from reaching the infection due to | blood-brain barrier. |
| African trypanosomiasis is caused by __. | Trypanosoma brucei |
| Toxoplasmosis is caused by the organism Toxoplasma gondii, which is a | protozoan. |
| The first oral polio vaccine was introduced by Albert Sabin in | 1961 |
| The most virulent of all botulinum toxins is considered to be type. | A |
| “Rabbit fever,” a zoonotic disease, is caused by | Francisella tularensis. |
| Trypanosoma cruzi causes American trypanosomiasis, which is also known as __. | Chagas' disease |
| The toxic condition caused by the spread of bacteria or bacterial toxins from the site of infection is called __. | sepsis |
| Any infectious disease or infection that can be transmitted from vertebrate animals to humans is classified as __. | zoonotic |
| An inflammatory disease that can develop as a complication following a group A streptococcal infection is | rheumatic fever. |
| Statistics indicate that the rate of UTIs in women increases with __ and __. | age, sexual activity |
| The urinary tract infection involving infection of the urinary bladder is called | cystitis |
| The presence of bacteria in the urine is called | bacteriuria. |
| The current drug of choice to treat viral urinary infections is __. | cidofovir |
| The most common fungus causing urinary tract infections is | Candida albicans |
| The normal flora present in the healthy male reproductive system is best characterized as | sterile, no normal flora. |
| One of the defense mechanisms in place in the organs/tissues of the reproductive tract that prevent microbial infection includes | acidic pH |
| Symptoms of prostatitis include | painful urination, fever and chills, and weak urine flow |
| The organism that is responsible for the vast majority of cases of fungal vaginitis is | Candida albicans. |
| The most common bacterial nonsexually transmitted infection of the male reproductive system is | prostatitis. |
| In humans, the embryonic phase of development extends from fertilization to the end of week __________, after which the developing infant is called a fetus. | 8 |
| The type of antibody that can cross the placenta is | IgG |
| Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is most common in | infants |
| Congenital CMV infections are caused by | cytomegalovirus. |
| A fetus infected with rubella virus produces which of the following antibodies that can then be detected in the umbilical cord? | IgM |
| Category B agents would include | Vibrio cholerae |
| A set of guilds is referred to as a | community |
| Which of the following zones is present only in oceans? | Abyssal zone |
| All of the following are free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria except | Rhizobium. |
| The majority of marine microorganisms are present in the | littoral zone. |
Created by:
Esmeraldar