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Adv. Chem Midterm
Chem midterm definitions I think might be useful but idk
Term | Definition |
---|---|
accuracy | how close results are to the correct value |
precision | how close results are to each other |
physical property | property that can be observed without a chemical change |
chemical property | ability to undergo a chemical change |
physical reaction | no change in composition |
chemical reaction | change in composition |
homogeneous mixture | uniform mixture |
heterogeneous mixture | nonuniform mixture |
element | one type of atom |
compound | two or more types of atoms |
pure substance | one type of molecule |
mixture | multiple types of molecules |
density | mass over volume |
proton | positive particle |
neutron | neutral particle |
electron | negative particle |
isotope | atom with a different number of neutrons |
electron cloud | negatively charged area |
nucleus (atom) | densely packed protons and neutrons |
ionic bond | bond between a metal and a nonmetal |
covalent bond | bond between two nonmetals |
anion | negative ion |
cation | positive ion |
oxidation-reduction reaction | |
combustion reaction | |
decomposition reaction | |
single replacement reaction | |
double replacement reaction | |
synthesis reaction | |
aqueous solution | |
balanced equation | |
mole | large amount |
oxidizing agent | |
reducing agent | |
atomic radius | |
ionization energy | |
electronegativity | |
electron affinity | |
valence electrons | electrons in the highest energy level |
diamagnetic | |
paramagnetic | |
orbital | |
alpha particle emission | helium nucleus given off |
beta particle emission | |
positron emission | |
electron capture | inner electron absorbed into nucleus |
gamma ray emission | emission of rays of energy |
half life | time it takes half a substance to decay |
nuclear fusion | |
nuclear fission | |
control rods | rods that absorb neutrons |
fuel rods | rods of radioactive material |
meltdown | |
nuclear moderation | slowing down neutrons to hit atoms |