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What is the psychology being investigated?
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What does Theory of Mind mean?
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Baron-Cohen details

Cambridge International Baron-Cohen details

QuestionAnswer
What is the psychology being investigated? Theory of Mind, Autism and Social Sensitivity
What does Theory of Mind mean? The ability to attribute mental states to others to figure out what they are feeling.
What is the Eyes Test? A test of ToM where participants have to identify the mental state of a person by only looking at a photo of their eyes
How did Baron-Cohen measure the type/extent of each participants' autism? Using the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) test, a questionnaire that gives a score out of 50
Identify some issues Baron-Cohen identified with their 1997 original version of the Eyes Test There were 8 issues identified which can be summarised as follows: the task was too easy so did not differentiate well; there were more female faces than male faces.
What is 'high-functioning autism' (HFA)? A term used to refer to a subset of individuals on the autism spectrum who have cognitive and/or linguistic abilities that are in the average to above average range for their age.
What is Asperger's Syndome (AS)? A term used by some people to describe autistic people with average or above average intelligence
What was the aim of this study? To compare the ToM abilities between those with HFA/AS and 'normal' (neurotypical) controls
How many groups were involved in this study? Four
Describe the participants in Group 1 15 volunteers with HFA/AS who responded to an ad in the National Autistic Society Magazine
Describe the participants in Group 2 122 neurotypical adults (55M, 67F) with a range of educational backgrounds
Describe the participants in Group 3 103 neurotypical adults (53M, 50F) from Cambridge University
Describe the participants in Group 4 14 random neurotypical adults who were IQ-matched with Group 1
What is the independent variable in this study? Whether the participant had HFA/AS or were neurotypical
What are the dependent variables in this study? There are two Mean score on the Eyes Test (out of 40), and Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) score
How many pairs of eyes were participants shown overall? 40
How many options were participants given to choose from? 4
What is meant by a 'foil' in this study? The three incorrect options
How did researchers decide which option was the correct one? They had 8 judges, and 5/8 had to agree on the correct option. If 2 agreed on the same foil, it was removed
Give the mean score on the Eyes Test for each group Group 1: 21.9; Group 2: 26.2; Group 3: 28; Group 4: 30.9
Give the mean AQ score for each group Group 1: 34.4; Group 2: not tested; Group 3: 18.3; Group 4: 18.9
What did the researchers conclude from this study? Those with HFA/AS have a Theory of Mind deficits. There is a negative correlation between AQ and ToM.
How does this study support an individual explanation rather than situational? It suggests that ToM is based on the person's characteristics (AQ, intelligence, HFA/AS) rather than the situation
Created by: MrSamBlakeley
 

 



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