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Positioning
Cervical & Thoracic Spine
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What method utilizes a "chewing motion" of the mandible to demonstrate the cervical spine in an AP projection? | Ottonello Method |
| Which CR angulation would be used to demonstrate the cervical spine pillars and laminate for an AP axial projection on a trauma patient? | 20-30° caudad |
| What methods is used to demonstrate the cervicothoracic region in the lateral projection? | Twining and Pawlow |
| The Twining method demonstrates the cervicothoracic region in which projection? | Lateral |
| What is the CR angulation for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region (Twining method) when the shoulder can be depressed? | 0° |
| The Pawlow method demonstrates the cervicothoracic region in which projection? | Lateral |
| The CR angulation for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region (Pawlow method) is: | 3-5° caudad |
| What is the CR angle for an AP thoracic Spine? | 0° |
| Ideally, the cathode end of an x-ray tube should be positioned to take advantage of the "heel effect" of the tube. Where should the cathode be placed for an AP thoracic spine? | Toward the feet |
| Where is the CR directed for a lateral thoracic spine? | T7 |
| What breathing techniques can be used for a lateral projection of the thoracic vertebrae? | Suspended respiration and quiet breathing |
| Another name for the Ottonello method: | Wagging Jaw |
| This method will project the dens within the shadow of the foramen magnum: | Fuchs Method |
| The LAO projection of the thoracic spine requires a body rotation of _______ from the plane of the table: | 70° |
| What line must be perpendicular to the IR for the AP "open mouth" atlas and axis? | Base of skull top incisors, jawline |
| Where is the IR centered for an AP axial C-spine? | Supine: 15 deg. cephalad Upright: 20 deg. cephalad |
| Where is the CR for a lateral T-spine? | 3-4" below jugular notch (T7) |
| What type of curve does the C-spine have? | Concave, Lordotic, Compensatory |
| What type of curve does the T-spine have? | Convex, Kyphotic, Primary |
| Which z joints are seen on a RAO projection of the C-spine? | Downside, Right z joint |
| What joint is found between the superior articular process of C1 and the occipital condyles of the skull? | Atlanto-occipital joint |
| The modified body of C2 is called _______ or ____________: | Dens or Odontoid process |
| What is the SID for lateral C-spine projections? | 72" |
| The IVF of the T-spine form an angle of ______ with the midsagittal plane? | 90 |
| What is the SID for AP projections? | 40" |
| What methods would you use to get a "tip shot"? | AP Fuch, PA Judd |
| The soft, semigelatinous inner part of the intervertebral disk is termed: | Nucleus Pulposus |
| CR angle for AP axial vertebral arch: | 20-30 deg. caudad |
| The articulations between C1 and the occipital condyles of the skull are termed: | Occipito-atlantal joint |
| A comminuted fracture of the anterior and posterior arches of C1 is termed: | Jefferson fractures |
| What additional measure can be taken if the patient cannot depress the shoulders adequately for the cervicothoracic (swimmer's) lateral projection? | Angle the CR to 3-5 deg. caudad |
| What is seen on a fuchs/jugg method projection? | Dens/Odontoid Process |
| What type of CR angle is used for the hyperflexion and hyperextension positions of the cervical spine? | No angle, CR horizontal to C4 |
| What type of CR angle is used for the PA projection (Judd method) for C1-C2 of the cervical spine? | No angle, perpendicular CR parallel to MML, through midoccipital bone, about 1-inch inferoposterior to mastoid tips and angles of mandible |
| What type of CR angle is used for the AP projection (Fuchs method) for C1-C2 of the cervical spine? | No angle, perpendicular CR parallel to MML, directed to inferior tip of mandible |
| What is the CR for a cervicothoracic (swimmer's) lateral of the C-spine? | No angle, perpendicular CR, enter T1 which is approximately 1 inch above the jugular notch anteriorly at the level of the vertebra prominens |
| Which condition or disease is best demonstrated with the scoliosis series? | Scheuermann disease |
| What type of CR angle is used for the AP axial projection of the cervical spine? | 15- to 20-degree cephalad |
| What type of CR angle is used for the anterior oblique projection of the cervical spine? | 15- to 20-degree caudad |
| What region is seen in Swimmer's Position? | C5-T3 |
Created by:
bluuberizz