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APES Final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| why do some places get more rain or more sunlight? | rain shadow effect - more sunlight the closer to the equator they are and more rain due to the direct solar energy (warm moist air rises, condences into clouds and falls as percipitation) |
| carbon cycle | natural process that describes the movement of carbon amung the Earth's atmosphere (photosynthesis, cellular respiration, fossil fuels, and decomposition) - regulates earths climate and maintaines balance of carbon |
| connection between carbon cycle and global warming | Greenhouse gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, preventing it from escaping into space increasing the amount of carbon in our atmosphere |
| Human impact on nitrogen and phosphorous (fertilizers) | nitrogen and phophorous in fertalizer help plants grow but as it rains they make their way into bodies of water and cause algae blooms decreasing oxygen in the water and creating dead zones. |
| 10% rule (food webs) | Only about 10% of the energy avalible at one trophic level transfers up to the next. Producers -> primary consumers -> secondary consumers -> tertiary consumers |
| Why does biodiversity make an ecosystem more resilient? | greater biodiversity = greater stability - more likely to be able to weather disturbances, disease, and climate change |
| Impact of genetic bottleneck on species health/resilience | bottleneck effect = size of population is extremely reduced - leads to loss of genetic variation and loss of evolutionary potential |
| Impact of habitat fragmentation | habitat is split up into many smaller habitible spaces. Dosent allow animals to roam and |
| 4 types of ecosystem services | -provisioning services (food, water, tiber) -regulating services (flood control, pollination) -support services (nutrient cycling, water cycle) -cultural services (spiritual) |
| Intermediate disturbance hypothesis | local species diversity is maximized when ecological disturbance is neither too rare nor too frequent. At low levels of disturbance, more competitive organisms will push subordinate species to extinction and dominate the ecosystem |
| Generalist species | animals that can eat a variety of foods and survive in many different habitats |
| Specialist species | animals that require very unique resources |
| niche | role of a species in an ecosystem |
| r vs. k selected species | r-selected: small, fast growing organisms that live in unstable enviornments and produce a large number of offsping k-selected: large, slow growing organisms that produce few offsping that they give a lot of care to |
| Exponential vs. logistic growth | exponential growth: j-shaped curve logistic growth: s-shaped curve |
| 4 phases of demographic transition | pre-industrial, urbanizing/industrializing, mature industrial, and post industrial |
| Formation of soil (weathering + decomposition) | Soils are formed over time by the weathering of rock and the decomposition of plant and animal remains |
| Soil properties: difference in sand vs. silt vs. clay | sand: High permeability, easy for water and roots to penetrate silt: mix between sand and clay; promotes water retention and air circulation clay: Low permeability, difficult for water and roots to penetrate, filters pollutants better |
| Ecosystem services provided by soil | medium for plant growth, habitat for soil organisms, filters water as rainwater passes through it on its way to rivers and groundwater |
| Preventing erosion/damaging impacts of erosion | planting crops help prevent erosion. erosion leads to increased pollution and sedimentation in streams and rivers, clogging these waterways and causing declines in fish and other species |
| rain shadow | a patch of land that has been forced to become a desert because mountain ranges blocked all plant-growing, rainy weather |
| Hadley cell | low-latitude overturning circulations that have air rising at the equator and air sinking at roughly 30° latitude |
Created by:
maddiehubbs