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ch 3 ABN
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In terms of psychological assessment, which of the following describes the concept of validity? | An assessment technique measures what it is designed to measure. |
| In trying to understand and help an individual with a psychological problem, the psychologist will obtain detailed information about the person's life as part of a: | clinical interview. |
| Most of the "psychological tests" in popular magazines are: | for entertainment only. |
| The projective type of psychological tests is based on ________ theory. | psychoanalytic |
| A psychoanalytic therapist who wants to assess the unconscious thoughts and feelings of a patient would be most likely to use the ________ test. | Rorschach inkblot test |
| Which of the following is an accurate statement about the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)? | Many clinicians use the TAT to encourage people to talk more openly about their lives. |
| Neuropsychological tests are used to assess whether or not an individual might: | have a brain dysfunction. |
| The crucial test as to whether a diagnostic system has a high degree of validity is that it should result in: | the accurate diagnostic label for the patient. |
| The best way to have a general idea of a patient's overall level of functioning in life is to look at DSM-IV Axis: ________. | V |
| All of the following are potential dangers of assigning a diagnostic label EXCEPT: | the patient's prognosis (future course of the disorder) becomes difficult to predict. |
| One of the dimensions of the five-factor model of personality and individual differences, involving being warm, kind, and trusting as opposed to hostile, selfish, and mistrustful. | agreeableness |
| Regular pattern of brain-wave voltage changes typical of calm relaxation. | alpha waves |
| Specialized, structured interview protocol to assess anxiety and related disorders. | Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule-IV (ADIS-IV) |
| Several dimensions for which information is provided in DSM-IV-TR diagnosis protocolsfor example, clinical disorders and medical conditions. | axes |
| Structured assessment instruments used before and during treatment to evaluate the frequency and severity of specific behaviors. | behavior rating scales |
| Measuring, observing, and systematically evaluating (rather than inferring) the client''s thoughts, feelings, and behavior in the actual problem situation or context. | behavioral assessment |
| Neuropsychological test for children in which they copy a variety of lines and shapes. | Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test |
| Use of physiological monitoring equipment to make individuals aware of their own bodily functions, such as blood pressure or brain waves, that they cannot normally access, with the purpose of controlling these functions. | biofeedback |
| Behavior rating scale used to assess the severity of patient problem areas, such as guilt feelings and preoccupation with health. | Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale |
| Classification method founded on the assumption of clear-cut differences among disorders, each with a different known cause. | classical categorical approach |
| Assignment of objects or people to categories on the basis of shared characteristics. | classification |
| Systematic evaluation and measurement of psychological, biological, and social factors in a person presenting with a possible psychological disorder. | clinical assessment |
| Presence of two or more disorders in an individual at the same time. | comorbidity |
| Standardized system of administering and scoring the Rorschach inkblot test that seeks to improve its reliability and validity. | Comprehensive System |
| Noninvasive imaging procedure useful in identifying abnormalities in the structure or shape of the brain. | computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan (CT scan) |
| Condition of testing in which the results from one test correspond to the results of other measures of the same phenomenon. | concurrent (descriptive) validity |
| Degree to which signs and symbols used to categorize a disorder relate to one another while differing from those for other disorders. | construct validity |
| Degree to which the characteristics of a disorder are a true sample of the phenomenon in question. | content validity |
| Extent to which categorization accurately predicts the future course of a disorder, whether treated or untreated. See also predictive validity. | criterion validity |
| Relatively slow, irregular pattern of brain waves typical of the deepest, most relaxed stage of sleep. This is the time when sleeping panic attacks may occur. Delta activity during wakefulness may indicate brain dysfunction. Also called slow wave sleep. | delta waves |
| Psychotic symptom involving disorder of thought content and presence of strong beliefs that are misrepresentations of reality. | delusion |
| Psychotic symptom; people''s unfounded belief that they are more famous or important than is true. | delusion of grandeur |
| People''s unfounded belief that others seek to harm them. | delusion of persecution |
| Intelligence test score that estimates how much a child''s school performance will deviate from the average performance of others of the same age. | deviation IQ |
| Process of determining whether a presenting problem meets the established criteria for a specific psychological disorder. | diagnosis |
| Method of categorizing characteristics on a continuum rather than on a binary, either-or, or all-or-none basis. | dimensional approach |
| Experimental version of magnetic resonance imaging that can make rapid multiple sequential images of the brain as it functions. | echoplanar magnetic resonance imaging |
| Measure of electrical activity patterns in the brain, taken through electrodes placed on the scalp. | electroencephalogram (EEG) |
| Brain''s electrical reaction to a psychologically meaningful environment event, as measured by the electroencephalogram. Also known as evoked potential. | event-related potential (ERP) |
| Condition of testing in which test items appear plausible for their intended purposes, even if they are not truly valid discriminators. | face validity |
| Assessment error in which no pathology is noted (that is, test results are negative) when one is actually present. | false negative |
| Assessment error in which pathology is reported (that is, test results are positive) when none is actually present. | false positive |
| Structured recording of behaviors that are measurable and well defined. | formal observation |
| Psychotic symptoms of perceptual disturbance in which things are seen, heard, or otherwise sensed although they are not actually present. | hallucinations |
| Relatively precise instrument that helps identify and locate organic damage by testing various skills, including rhythm, grip, and tactile performance. | Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery |
| Person''s delusion that the actions, thoughts, laughter, and meaningless activities of others are directed toward or refer to that person. | ideas of reference |
| Close and detailed investigation of an individual emphasizing what makes that person unique (compare with nomothetic strategy). | idiographic strategy |
| Attention paid to behavior but without defining or recording it in any systematic fashion. | informal observation |
| Score on an intelligence test estimating a person''s deviation from average test performance. | intelligence quotient (IQ) |
| Degree to which two or more observers make the same ratings or measurements. | interrater reliability |
| Applying a name to a phenomenon or a pattern of behavior. The label may acquire negative connotations or be applied erroneously to the person rather than that person''s behaviors. | labeling |
| Deficits in logical continuity of speech, with abrupt movement between ideas. A characteristic of schizophrenia also called derailment. | loose associations |
| Relatively precise instrument that helps identify and locate organic damage by testing various skills. | Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery |
| Procedure using radio signals generated in a strong magnetic field and passed through body tissue to produce detailed, even layered, images of its structure. | magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
| Relatively coarse preliminary test of a client''s judgment, orientation to time and place, and emotional and mental state; typically conducted during an initial interview. | mental status exam |
| Empirically derived standardized personality test that provides scales for assessing such abnormal functioning as depression and paranoia. One of the most widely used and heavily researched assessment instruments. | Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) |
| Categorization system, such as in DSM-IV-TR, employing several dimensions or axes, each used for differentiating among the categories. | multiaxial system |
| Sophisticated computer-aided procedures that allow nonintrusive examination of nervous system structure and function. | neuroimaging |
| Assessment of brain and nervous system functioning by testing an individual''s performance on behavioral tasks. | neuropsychological testing |
| In a naming system or nosology, the actual labels or names that are applied. In psychopathology, these include mood disorders and eating disorders. | nomenclature |
| Identification and examination of large groups of people with the same disorder to note similarities and develop general laws (compare with idiographic strategy). | nomothetic strategy |
| Classification and naming system for medical and psychological phenomena. | nosology |
| Anxiety disorder involving unwanted, persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses, as well as repetitive actions intended to suppress them. | obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) |
| Delineation of a concept on the basis of the operation used to measure it. | operational definition |
| In the Wechsler group of intelligence tests, subtests that assess psychomotor and nonverbal reasoning skills and the ability to learn new relationships. | performance scales |
| Self-report questionnaires that assess personal traits by asking respondents to identify descriptions that apply to them. | personality inventories |
| Degree to which an assessment instrument accurately predicts a person''s future behavior. See also criterion validity. | predictive validity |
| Imaging procedure in which a radioactive tracer that binds to blood glucose is detected as the glucose is metabolized during brain activity. This allows nonintrusive localization and observation of brain activity. | positron emission tomography (PET) scan |
| Psychoanalytically based measures that present ambiguous stimuli to clients on the assumption that their responses will reveal their unconscious conflicts. Such tests are inferential and lack high reliability and validity. | projective tests |
| System for categorizing disorders using both essential, defining characteristics and a range of variation on other characteristics. | prototypical approach |
| Deficits in motor activity and coordination development. | psychomotor retardation |
| Measurement of changes in the nervous system reflecting psychological or emotional events such as anxiety, stress, and sexual arousal. | psychophysiological assessment |
| Changes in one person''s behavior as a result of observing the behavior in another. | reactivity |
| Degree to which a measurement is consistentfor example, over time or among different raters. | reliability |
| Subtest of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery that asks respondents to compare rhythmic beats to assess sound recognition, attention, and concentration. | Rhythm Test |
| Projective test that uses irregular patterns of ink as its ambiguous stimuli. | Rorschach inkblot test |
| Action by which clients observe and record their own behaviors as either an assessment of a problem and its change or a treatment procedure that makes them more aware of their responses. Also called self-observation. | self-monitoring |
| Interviews that employ preplanned, standardized questions to elicit information in a consistent way. | semistructured interviews |
| Person''s general awareness of the surroundings, including time and place. | sensorium |
| Projective test in which the person is asked to finish a series of incomplete sentences. | sentence-completion method |
| Neuroimaging procedure similar to a positron emission tomography scan, although less accurate, less complex, and less costly. | single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) |
| Process of establishing specific norms and requirements for a measurement technique to ensure it is used consistently across measurement occasions. includes evaluating its findings, and comparing these to data for large numbers of people. | standardization |
| Early standardized intelligence test designed to identify children who will experience academic difficulties by assessing their attention, perception, reasoning, and comprehension. | Stanford-Binet test |
| Subtest of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery that compares the grip strength of the client''s right and left hands. | Strength of Grip Test |
| Subtest of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery that asks the respondent to insert wooden shapes into a hidden form board, allowing the examiner to assess the subject''s learning and memory skills. | Tactile Performance Test |
| Degree to which results of two administrations of a test to the same person are similar. | testretest reliability |
| Projective test in which the respondent is asked to tell stories about a series of ambiguous drawings. | Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) |
| Sections of the Wechsler series of intelligence tests that assess vocabulary, memory, reasoning skills, and information facts. | verbal scales |
| Intelligence test for adults, assessing a range of verbal and performance abilities. | Wechsler Adult Intelligence ScaleRevised (WAIS-R) |
| Intelligence test for children assessing a range of verbal and performance abilities. | Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children3rd Edition (WISC-III) |
| Intelligence test for young children that measures a range of performance, verbal, and preverbal abilities. | Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of IntelligenceRevised (WPPSI-R) |
| Which theoretical perspective looks at defective thinking and problem solving as major causes of abnormal behavior? | Cognitive |
| Which theoretical perspective emphasizes the role of bodily processes in maladaptive behavior? | Biological |
| All of the following biological factors have been found to affect maladaptive behavior EXCEPT: | libido. |
| According to your text, the three major brain systems are: | physical and chemical system, information system, and center of complex processes. |
| All of the following are considered to be criticisms of the psychodynamic perspective EXCEPT: | It places too much emphasis on brain processes. |
| The process by which learning occurs through receiving punishment or receiving reinforcement for a behavioral response is BEST described as: | operant conditioning. |
| Giving a child money for a good report card is an example of: | a positive reinforcer. |
| The primary goal of rational-emotive therapy, as developed by Ellis, is to: | explain, demonstrate, and assist the client in practicing more productive ways of thinking. |
| A psychologist studying abnormal behavior from the community-cultural perspective would be most interested in which variables: | The availability of preventative intervention programs within the community. |
| All of the following are disadvantages to using a classification system EXCEPT: | It allows for communication between clinical workers. |
| It has been discovered that a clinical patient has experienced major family disturbances (divorce, daughter tried to run away from home) in the last week. Upon which DSM-IV axis would this information be included? | Axis IV |
| Global assessment of functioning (GAF) is: | a dimension of the DSM-IV and a general assessment of an individual's psychological, social, and occupational functioning. |
| Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that would typically be found to describe a major diagnostic category within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders? | Number of children |
| All the following are diagnoses that would be found in Axis I EXCEPT: | Borderline personality disorder |
| Which of the following statements is an advantage of the DSM-III, DSM-III-R, and the DSM-IV over the earlier versions? | They were extensively field tested. |
| All of the following are criticisms of the DSM-III, DSM-III-R, and the DSM-IV EXCEPT: | They increase the ability to be able to plan an effective treatment program. |
| When conducting a clinical interview, it is important for the interviewer to pay careful attention to: | the relationship between the client's verbal and nonverbal communication |
| Neuropsychological tests have been constructed to measure: | the cognitive, sensorimotor, and perceptual consequences of brain abnormalities. |
| Which category of assessment provides information about the thoughts that precede, accompany, and follow maladaptive behavior? | Cognitive assessment |
Created by:
mayanaztec