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AP Chem Memorization
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Hydronium | H3O+ |
Hydroxide | OH- |
Nitrate | NO3- |
Nitrite | NO2- |
Carbonate | CO3⁻2 |
Sulfate | SO4-2 |
Sulfite | SO3-2 |
Phosphate | PO4-3 |
Phosphite | PO3-3 |
Hydrochloric Acid | HCl |
Hydrobromic Acid | HBr |
Hydroiodic Acid | HI |
Perchloric Acid | HClO4 |
Nitric Acid | HNO3 |
Sulfuric Acid | H2SO4 |
Sodium Hydroxide | NaOH |
Ammonia | NH3 |
Ammonium | NH4+ |
Solubility Rules | group 1, ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-) |
-atoms are solid spheres -conservation of mass -law of definite proportions -law of multiple proportions | John Dalton |
-discovered electrons using a cathode ray tube -plum pudding model -atoms are a diffuse positive charge with negative electrons throughout | J.J Thomson |
-calculated the charge of an electron using charged oil drops | Robert Millikan |
-gold foil experiment -atom is mostly empty space with a small positive nucleus | Ernest Rutherford |
-discovered that electromagnetic energy is quantized | Max Planck |
-showed that electrons were quantized -electrons are at fixed distances from the nucleus called them shells | Niels Bohr |
-can't know the precise location and velocity of an electron at the same time (Uncertainty Principle) | Werner Heisenberg |