How should the IPL and the MSP be positioned with the IR for the lateral projection of the skull?

1. IPL- perpendicular 2. MSP- parallel

To demonstrate the mandibular body with the axiolateral oblique projection, how should the pts head be positioned?

rotate the head 30 degrees from the IR

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PRO 2104 FINAL

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Question	Answer
What positioning line extends from the EAM to the outer canthus?	Orbitomeatal
Which positioning landmark is located a the base of the nasal spine?	Acanthion
Which positioning landmark is located at the superior most point of the nasal bones?	Nasion
Which positioning landmark is located is most superior? a. nasion b. gonion c. acanthion d. mental point	a. nasion
Which positioning landmark is located at the anterior portion of the mandible?	mental point
Which suture articulates the frontal bone with both parietal bones?	Coronal
Which suture joins both parietal bones at the vertex of the skull?	Sagittal
Which suture joins a parietal bone with both a sphenoid bone and temporal bone?	Squamosal
Which suture joins both parietal bones with the occipital bone?	Lambdoidal
The bregma junction is located at the junction of which 2 sutures?	1. coronal 2. sagittal
The lambda junction is located at the junction of which 2 sutures?	1. sagittal 2. lambdoidal
The lambda junction is located at the junction of which 2 cranial bones?	1. occipital 2. both parietals
Which skull classification refers to a typical skull?	Mesocephalic
On which cranial bone is the cribiform plate located?	Ethmoid
On which cranial bone is the crista galli located?	Ethmoid bone
Which cranial bone has a petrous pyramid?	Temporal
Which cranial bone is the sella turcica located?	Sphenoid
Which cranial bone has both greater and lesser wings?	Sphenoid
With which cranial bone does the atlas articulate?	Occipital
The pterygoid processes project inferiorly from which cranial bone?	Temporal
The foramen magnum is a part of which cranial bone?	Occipital
From which cranial bone does the zygomatic process arise?	Temporal
The EAM is a part of which cranial bone?	Temporal
With which bone does the mandible articulate?	Temporal
The ___ bones are located on the medial wall of each orbit.	Lacrimal
The temporal process projects posteriorly from which bone?	Zygomatic
The ___ bone is found posterior to the nasal bones.	Vomer
Which bone comprises most of the lateral wall of the orbital cavities	Zygomatic
Which term refers to the anterior process of the mandibular ramus?	Coronoid
Which term refers to the posterior process of the mandibular ramus?	Condyle
Which bones form the posterior 1/4th of the roof of the mouth?	Palatine
Which positioning landmark is located on the maxilla? a. Gonion b. Nasion c. Acantion d. Mental point	c. Acanthion
Which 2 positioning line and plane should be perpendicular to the IR for the PA projection of the skull?	1. OML 2. MSP
Where should the IR be centered for the lateral projection of the skull?	2" superior to the EAM
How should the IPL and the MSP be positioned with the IR for the lateral projection of the skull?	1. IPL- perpendicular 2. MSP- parallel
AP Axial Towne Skull: how many degrees and in which direction should the CR be directed when the OML is perpendicular with the IR?	30 degrees caudad
AP Axial Towne Skull: how many degrees and in which direction should the CR be directed when the IOML is perpendicular with the IR?	37 degrees caudad
Which positioning line should be perpendicular with the CR for the SMV projection of the skull?	IOML
Which projection of the skull can be correctly performed with the CR angled 37 degrees caudad?	AP Axial Towne (if using IOML)
Which projection of the skull can be correctly performed with the CR angled 15 degrees caudad?	PA Axial Caldwell
Which projection of the skull produces a full basal image of the cranium?	SMV
Which projection of the skull projects the PPs in the lower 3rd of the orbits?	PA Axial Caldwell
Which projection of the skull can be obtained if the frontal bone is of primary interest?	PA with perpendicular CR
With reference to the pt, where should the IR be centered for the PA projection of the skull?	Nasion
The orbital roofs should be superimposed on which skull projection?	Lateral
The mental protuberance and anterior frontal bone should be superimposed on the ___ skull projection.	SMV
Lateral Skull CR:	2" superior to EAM
Where should the PPs be seen in the image of the parietoacantheal projection, Waters method of the facial bones	below the maxillary sinuses
Which positioning line and angle indicate correct positioning of the head for the parietoacantheal projection, Waters method?	OML 37 degrees to the IR
To demonstrate the mandibular body with the axiolateral oblique projection, how should the pts head be positioned?	rotate the head 30 degrees from the IR
How many degrees and in which direction should the CR be directed for the axiolateral mandible?	25 degrees cephalad
The orbital roofs should be superimposed on the ___ projection of the facial bones.	Lateral
From true lateral, the head rotate __ degrees toward the IR to demonstrate a general survey of the mandible.	10-15 degrees
From true lateral, the head is rotated __ degrees toward the IR to demonstrate the body of the mandible	30 degrees
From true lateral, rotate the head __ degrees toward the IR to demonstrate the mental point.	45 degrees
From true lateral, the head is rotated __ degrees toward the IR to demonstrate the ramus	0 degrees
Axiolateral mandible projections require a ___ CR angle.	25 degree cephalad
The opposite side of the mandible should not overlap the ramus on which projection?	axiolateral mandible
The following structure is well demonstrated with a mandible axiolateral oblycke projection: 1. Palatine bone 2. Zygomatic arch 3. Maxillary sinus 4. Temporomandibular joint	4. Temporomandibular joint
How many degrees and in which direction should the CR be directed for the axiolateral oblycke projection for temporomandibular joints?	30 degrees caudad
AP Axial TMJ CR:	3" above nasion
Which head projections should always be imaged in an upright position?	paranasal sinuses
Which projection adequately demonstrates all four sinus groups?	Lateral
With reference to the outer canthus, where should the CR be directed for lateral projections of the sinus?	1" anterior
Which sinus group is of primary importance in the lateral projection of the sinuses?	Sphenoidal
Which sinus groups are best demonstrated with the PA Axial projection, Caldwell Method?	1. Frontal 2. Anterior Ethmoidal
For the PA Axial sinus projection, Caldwell method, which positioning line should be perpendicular to the IR?	Orbitomeatal
Where should the PPs be seen in the PA Axial projection of the sinuses?	Lower 3rd of orbits
Which positioning line should form an angle of 37 degrees with the IR for the parietoacanthial projection, Waters method?	Orbitomeatal
At what level should the IR be centered for the parietoacanthial projection, Waters method?	Acanthion
Which paranasal sinus group is best demonstrated with the parietoacanthial projection, Waters method?	Maxillary
The dorsum sellae and posterior clinoid processes should be seen within the foramen magnum in which skull projection?	AP Axial Towne
Where should the CR exit the head for the parietoacanthial projection, Waters method?	Acanthion
Which sinus group is not well demonstrated in the image produced by the parietoacanthial projection, Waters method?	Sphenoidal
Which 2 paranasal sinus groups are best demonstrated with the SMV projection?	1. Ethmoidal 2. Sphenoidal
Which projection of the sinuses demonstrates a symmetric image of the anterior portion of the base of the skull?	SMV
In which projection of the sinuses is the IR centered to the nasion?	PA Axial Caldwell
In which projection is the mentomeatal line approximately perpendicular to the plane of the IR?	Parietoacanthial, Waters
In which projection of the sinuses must the OML form an angle of 15 degrees to the plane of the IR?	PA Axial Caldwell
The frontal and ethmoidal sinuses should be seen in which projection of the sinuses?	AP Axial Caldwell
The PPs should lie immediately below the floor of the maxillary sinuses in which projection?	Parietoacanthial, Waters
The PPs should be seen through the maxillary sinuses in which projection?	Parietoacanthial, Modified Waters
How many facial bones make up the orbit?	1. Maxillary 2. Lacrimal 3. Zygomatic 4. Palatine
How many cranial bones make up the orbit?	1. Frontal 2. Ethmoid 3. sphenoid 3. Temporal
The orbitomeatal line should form an angle of how many degrees with the IR for the Parietoacanthial Modified Waters projection?	55 degrees
Which projection of the orbits is performed primarily to reduce distortion?	Parietoacanthial, Modified Waters
Which positioning line should the central ray be parallel to when performing a reverse Waters method on a trauma pt?	Mentomeatal
Which landmark corresponds with the level of the PP?	Top of Ear Attachement
Which sinus is projected through the oral cavity with a parietoacanthial transoral projection?	Sphenoid sinus
The 6 areas of incomplete ossification in a newborn infant are called:	Fontanelles
Which cranial bone contains the auditory ossicles and organs of hearing?	Temporal
Which of the following criteria is true regarding the AP Axial lordotic chest projection? 1. ribs distorted 2. clavicles below lung apices 3. no rotation shown in SC joints 4. clavicles above lung apices	1, 3, 4
A CXR is needed to demonstrate the lung apices but the pt must remain supine. What adjustment should they make? 1. CR perpendicular to midsternum 2. CR 10-15* caud to xiphoid 3. CR 10-15* caud to midsternum 4. CR 15-20* ceph to midsternum	4. 15-20 ceph to midsternum
Purpose of a 3-4 second breathing technique when performing RAO sternum:	blur ribs
RAO sternum criteria: 1. sternum projected over heart shadow 2. Sternum in right lung field 3. lung markings and ribs blurred 4. lung field underexposed to visualize sternum	1, 3
Left SC joint criteria: 1. RAO position 2. LAO position 3. pt oblycked 10-15* 4. left SCJ in R lung field 5. left SCJ in L lung field	2, 3, 4
A radiograph of a PAO projection of the L SCJ reveals the left SCJ superimposed over the VC. What positioning error occurred?	insufficient rotation
Anatomy demonstrated on RPO (Judet) pelvis: 1. L iliac wing elongated 2. L iliac wing foreshortened 3. R posterior ilioischial column 4. L anterior rim of acetabulum 5. L anterior iliopubic column	2, 3, 4
What projection would best demonstrate a fx of the anterior rim of the left acetabulum?	LPO Judet
A pelvis radiograph demonstrates the rami of the ischium and pubis superimposed over the sacrum and the obturator foramen open in a true AP. What projection was most likely performed?	AP Axial Pelvis Outlet
What is the primary AOI demonstrated in an AP Axial pelvis Inlet projection?	Pelvic brim
The articular surface of the sacrum articulates with the ilium of the pelvis at what degree of oblyckewhitty?	30 degrees
What position would best demonstrate the R SI joint?	30 degree LPO
Pt injury to face and jaw. Pts head is tilted 10* to the right and cannot be adjusted. Criteria for mandible general survey: 1. pt with R side to IR 2. CR 25* ceph 3. adjust pt head to true lat 4. described positioning will only demonstrate the R side	1, 4
Criteria for PA Axial mandible: 1. mandibular rami superimposed 2. mandibular body/rami symm 3. condylar process clearly demonstrated 4. mentum clearly demonstrated	2, 3
TMJ Modified Law method CR:	30 degrees caudad, 2" superior to EAM
TMJ Schuller method CR:	30 degrees caudad, 2" anterior and superior to EAM
Indication of proper positioning of the tangential, inferosuperior projection of the carpal canal: a. free scaphoid b. free hamate and pisiform c. lunate in profile d. trapezium and trapezoid superimposed	b. free pisiform and hamate
gaynor hart projection reveals elongation and distortion of the carpals and MCs. it was performed with a 25* ceph CR with the pts hand dorsiflexed 75 degrees. What adjustment is needed?	increase CR angulation
Axial lateral elbow Coyle coronoid process criteria: 1. elbow flexed 90 degrees 2. hand pronated 3. wrist lateral 4. CR ceph 5. CR 45*	2, 5
A lateral elbow Coyle was performed to demonstrate the radial head. The RG reveals slight superimpositon of the radial head and ulna. What error mose likely occrued? 1. excessive CR angle 2. insufficient CR angle 3. excess wrist rotation 4. insuff han	b. insufficient CR
Pt needs a coronoid process but the pt cannot fully extend the elbow. what adjustment can the RT make?	perform a Coyle lateral with a 45 degree CR towards the shoulder
pt has a history of nursemaids elbow, and the physician wants to rule out a radial head fx. The lateral coyle was performed but the radius and ulna are superimposed. what error was made?	CR angled away from shoulder
Tangential Neer shoulder, medial and lateral borders of the scapula are not superimposed. what positioning error occured?	insufficient rotation
shoulder radiograph reveals subacromial bone spurs and suggests a shoulder impingement injury. What projection would best demonstrate this?	Neer method
A radiograph of the Pearson method reveals the sternum in the center of the image and both clavicles but does not demonstrate the AC joints. What error occurred?	incorrect SID
holding sandbags for the AC joint pearson method is pointless because:	it can produce a false negative diagnosis for an AC joint separation
tangential sesamoids, pt is unable to dorsiflex. what adjustment can be made?	and CR until perpendicular to 1st MTP
tangential projection of foot sesamoids reveals sesamoids superimposed with the calcaneus. what should be adjusted?	decrease dorsiflexion of the foot
WB AP foot: 1. pt standing with weight distributed on unaffected foot 2. both feet imaged 3. feet parallel 4. CR perpendicular to MTs 5. Pt standing directly on IR	2, 3, 4
What is the primary AOI demonstrated in a WB lateral projection of the foot?	longitudinal arch under full body weight
AP Stress views on the ankle, physician instructions: 1. roll pt to affected side 2. dorsiflex the foot90* 3. start with ankle in true AP 4. rotate ankle 15-20 medially to open mortise joint 5. apply stress and rotate plantar surface medially	2, 3, 5
Separation of what joint space is most likely to be demonstrated on an AP stress eversion projection of the ankle?	tibiotalar
Which of the following describe proper iamge criteria of the intercondylar fossa projection? 1. intercondylar fossa in profile 2. tibial plateaus in profile 3. apex of patella in center of fossa 4. femorotibial joint space clearly demonstrated	1, 2, 4
Which of the following are positioning variations for performing the Holmblad method? 1. kneeling on exam table 2. kneeling on stool or chair 3. Prone with affected leg 80 degrees 4. Standing with knees flexed to upright bucky	1, 2
What is the major disadvantage of performing the Beclere over the Camp Coventry method? 1. increased distortion

Created by: lipscombsomi

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