Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
PF Vet Tech Pharma
Pharmacology--Penn Foster
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What does a drug regimen include? | Kind of drug, Route of admin, Dosage, Frequency, Duration |
| Concentration Gradient | The difference in concentrations of drugs from one compartment of the body to another. High to low. |
| Bioavailability | Measures the amount of drug that gets absorbed and is available to the patient |
| What two bodily items will interfere with the absorption of drugs? | Placenta and Blood-Brain Barrier |
| What are the four types of metabolizing a drug? | Oxidation, Reduction, Hydrolysis, Conjugation |
| Oxidation | The loss of electrons in the drug's chemical makeup |
| Reduction | The gain of electrons in the drug's chemical makeup |
| Hydrolysis | The splitting of the drug's molecule and the addition of water molecules to each split portion |
| Conjugation | Joining together two compounds to make another compound that dissolves in water more quickly |
| What is glucuronic acid used for in drugs? | Used to increase the rate of absorption |
| Where do drugs gets excreted from? | Primarily the liver and kidneys |
| Where else can drugs get excreted from? | Mammary glands, the lungs, GI tract, sweat glands, saliva, through the skin |
| Residues | Drugs that appear in the animal's milk or meat products |
| Half-life | The amount of time it takes for half of the drug to be removed from the animal's system. |
| Agonists | Drugs that attach to certain receptors and cause specific actions |
| Antagonists | Drugs that block the receptors from being acted on |
| Efficacy | The degree to which a drug produces its desired effect |
| Lethal Dose (LD50) | The dose of the drug that's lethal to 50% of the animals given that drug |
| Effective Dose (ED50) | The dose of a drug that produces the desired effect in 50% of the animals given that drug |
| Therapeutic Index (LD50/ED50) | The higher the therapeutic index, the safer the drug is Drugs with lower therapeutic index must be used cautiously to avoid adverse effects |
| Fromulary | A book that contains drug dosages and a listing of adverse reactions |
| What info must be on drug labels? | 1. Drug names (generic and trade) 2. Drug concentration and quantity 3. Name and address of the manufacturer 4. Controlled substance status 5. Manufacturer's control or lot number 6. Drug expiration date |
| Center for Veterinary Medicine | A part of the FDA the regulates the development and approval of animal drugs and feed additives |
| What needs to be documented for DEA controlled drugs? | 1. Date of Rx 2. Owner and patient name 3. Drug name 4. Amount dispensed and strength of the drug 5. Initials of the dispensing doctor |
| What does the USDA do for the veterinary field? | They regulate the development and approval of biologics (vaccines, serums, antitoxins) |
| Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD) | Sponsored by the USDA and is involved with producing safe foods of animal origin |
| Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA) | Made the extra-label use of approved veterinary drugs legal under certain well-defined conditions |
| Life of a pill | Stomach acid and digestive enzymes break down drug, goes to GI system where it is absorbed into blood, travels throughout body quickly, excreted by liver or kidneys |
| Where does most of the blood from the intestines go? | Into the liver |
| What are the active components of plants that are useful as drugs? | Alkaloids, Glycosides, Gums, Resins, and Oils |
| What do alkaloids end with? | ine |
| What do glycosides end with? | in |
| What are the sources of drugs? | Plants, minerals, animals, labs |
| What are the mineral sources for drugs? | Sodium, potassium, chloride, iron, selenium |
| What do inactive ingredients do in drugs? | Binders, coatings, coloring agents, disintegrants, emulsifiers, fillers, flavorings, flow agents, humectants, preservatives, sweeteners, thickeners |
| Steady State or Distribution Equilibrium | The point at which drug accumulation equals drug elimination |
| What are the primary factors that influence blood concentration levels? | Rate of drug absorption, amount of drug absorbed, distribution throughout the body, drug metabolism or biotransformation, rate and route of excretion |
| Factors that may affect the absorption process | 1. Mechanism of absorption 2. pH and ionization status of the drug 3. Absorptive surface area 4. Blood supply to the area 5. Solubility of the drug 6. Dosage form 7. Status of the GI tract 8. Interaction with other medications |
| What are the three ways that drugs can pass through cell membranes? | Passive transport, active transport, pinocytosis |
| Passive Transport | Simple diffusion of a drug molecule from high to low concentration. No energy expenditure by the cell |
| Active Transport | Moves molecules from low to high and requires the cell to use energy |
| Pinocytosis | Cells engulf drug molecules by invaginating their cell membrane to form a vesicle that then breaks off from the membrane in the interior of the cell |
| Requirements for good drug absorption | pH of the drug and environment must be right absorption of basic drugs is more favorable in an alkaline environment |
| Partition Coefficient | Degree of lipid solubility of a drug. High partition coefficient indicates enhanced drug absorption |
| First-Pass Effect | Substances that are absorbed from the GI tract into the portal venous system can either be weakened or turned into an inactive form |
| Drug Movement | From absorption site into the plasma, from the plasma into the interstitial fluid that surrounds cells, from the interstitial fluid into the cells where they combine with cellular receptors to create an action |
| Biotransformation | The body's ability to change a drug chemically from the form in which it was given into a form that can be eliminated by the body. |
| How are drug interactions classified? | Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic, Pharmaceutic |
| Pharmacokinetic drug interaction | Happens when the plasma or tissue levels of a drug are altered by the presence of another. Alteration may be due to changes in absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of the other drug |
| Pharmacodynamic drug interaction | Happens at the site of the drug action. Actions may be antagonistic, additive, or synergistic |
| Pharmaceutic drug interaction | Happens when physical or chemical reactions take place as a results of mixing drugs in a syringe or other container |
| 6 Rights of drug administraion | Right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, right time/frequency, right documentation |
Created by:
akreed90