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SPECIAL SENSES

SPECIAL SENSES: SMELL AND TASTE

QuestionAnswer
Receptors for taste and olfaction stimulated by chemicals in solution Chemoreceptors
Taste has ____ types of receptors five
can differentiate a wider range of chemicals Smell
Both senses complement each other and respond to many of the same stimuli smell and taste
Olfactory receptors are in roof of nasal cavity
detect chemicals Olfactory receptor cells (neurons)
Olfactory receptor cells (neurons) have long cilia known as olfactory hairs
Chemicals must be dissolved in mucus for detection by chemoreceptors called olfactory receptors
Smell impulses are transmitted via the (1) to the (2) 1. olfactory filaments 2. olfactory nerve
Smells are interpreted in the olfactory cortex
house the receptor organs Taste buds
Locations of taste buds: ▪ Most are on the tongue ▪ Soft palate ▪ Superior part of the pharynx ▪ Cheeks
The tongue is covered with projections called ____ that contain taste buds papillae
taste buds are found on the sides of the large round ____ Vallate (circumvallate) papillae
taste buds are found on the tops of the more numerous ____ Fungiform papillae
taste buds are found in the____ on the sides of the tongue Foliate papillae
"taste receptors" Gustatory cells
protrude through a taste pore Gustatory hairs
Gustatory hairs are stimulated by chemicals dissolved in saliva
Impulses are carried to the (1) by (2) because taste buds are found in different areas 1. gustatory cortex 2. several cranial nerves
Impulses are carried to the gustatory complex by several cranial nerves namely: ▪ Facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) ▪ Glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX) ▪ Vagus nerve (cranial nerve X)
Taste buds are replaced frequently (7-10 days) by basal cells
Five basic taste sensations: sweet sour bitter salty umami
Sweet receptors respond to sugars, saccharine, some amino acids
Sour receptors respond to H+ ions or acids
Bitter receptors respond to alkaloids
Salty receptors respond to metal ions
Umami receptors respond to amino acid glutamate or the beefy taste of meat
Created by: olympustudies
 

 



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