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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| GLOBAL GOVERNANCE | It is the totality of norms, laws, policies, and bodies that define, comprise, and facilitate transnational relations between citizens, states, cultures, intergovernmental, and non-governmental organizations UN Headquarter (Manhattan, New York City) |
| Weiss and Thakur (2014) | According to _____, global governance is the totality of norms, laws, policies, and bodies that define, comprise, and facilitate transnational relations between citizens, states, cultures, intergovernmental, and non-governmental organizations |
| UNITED NATIONS | has the most number of member among the established global systems with 193 member-states at this present time. |
| - GENERAL ASSEMBLY - SECURITY COUNCIL - ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL - TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL - INTERNATIONAL COURT JUSTICE - SECRETARIAT | 6 Organs of UN |
| GENERAL ASSEMBLY | It is the main deliberative, policymaking and representative organ of the UN. All 193 member-states of the UN are represented in the General Assembly, making it the only UN body with universal representation. |
| SECURITY COUNCIL | It is the organ which has the commitment to preserve international peace and security. |
| ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL | It is the principal body for coordination, policy review, policy dialogue and recommendations on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as implementation of internationally agreed development goals. |
| TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL | The organ tasked to administer international oversight for 11 trust territories and to make sure that adequate procedures or steps were taken to prepare these territories for independence and self-government. |
| INTERNATIONAL COURT JUSTICE | UN’s prime or principal judicial organ. |
| INTERNATIONAL COURT JUSTICE | Its seat is at the Peace Palace in the Hague, Netherlands. It is the only one of the six principal organs of the UN not located in New York, USA. |
| SECRETARIAT | It is the organ tasked to execute the daily activities as assigned by the five other organs. |
| SECRETARIAT | The Secretary-General is Chief Administrative Officer of the Organization, appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council for a five-year, renewable term. |
| - BRANDT REPORT - THE RICH NORTH, THE POOR SOUTH | Origin of Global Divides |
| BRANDT REPORT | The Independent Commission for International Developmental Issues was established in 1977. The report titled North-South: A Programme for Survival, widely referred as to the ___, under this commission was introduced in 1980, first chaired by Willy Brandt. |
| BRANDT REPORT | The report offers a strategy for resolving the crisis of the financial system during that time. In this report, Brandt Line was introduced. |
| BRANDT REPORT | Brandt Line is a visual depiction of the North-South divide between their economies, based on country’s GDP. |
| BRANDT REPORT | _______ was updated year 2021 by James Quilligan, Information Director for the Brandt Commission. The report was called “The Brandt Equation”. |
| THE RICH NORTH, THE POOR SOUTH | It encircles the world at a latitude of approximately 30 degrees North and Central America, North of Africa and the Middle East, climbing north over China and Mongolia, but dipping south so as to include Australia and New Zealand in the rich north. |
| NORTH | - far from equator - higher human development index (HDI) - developed countries - higher gross domestic product (GDP) per capita - lower birth rates - higher life expectancy - low infant mortality rate - high adult literacy rate |
| SOUTH | - tends to be nearer to equator - lower HDI - less developed countries/developing countries - lower GDP per capita - higher birth rates - lower life expectancy - high infant mortality rate - low adult literacy rate |
| GLOBAL NORTH | ______ refers to develop countries in Europe, North America, Australia, some parts of Asia and Africa which are characterized by wealth, technology advancement, political stability, dominance of world trade and politics. |
| GLOBAL SOUTH | ______ refers to less developed or developing countries in South America, some parts of Asia and Africa . Countries characterized by conflict, poverty, turmoil. |
| ➢ Economic inequality ➢ Resource exploitation ➢ Political dominance ➢ Cultural hegemony ➢ Environmental degradation ➢ Debt and dependency | Negative Impacts of Global North and Global South Division |
| ➢ Development and humanitarian assistance ➢ Trade opportunities ➢ Technology transfer ➢ Cultural exchange or multiculturism ➢ Global cooperation | Positive Impacts of Global North and Global South Division |
| NORTH-SOUTH DIVIDE | The_____ is criticized for being a way of segregating people along economic lines and is seen as a factor of the widening gap between developed and developing economies. |
| THIRD WORLD | is the category for countries that does not belong to either Western capitalism or Soviet Union’s socialism. |
| THIRD WORLD | is the antecedent of Global South. The term Third World ceased to exist when the Cold War ended. |
| CULTURE | Refers to the unified style of human knowledge, beliefs, and behavior from which people learn, and the ability to communicate knowledge to the next generations. Its development has been mainly influenced by media. |
| MEDIA | A carrier of culture. It is a tool for the interaction of people with different cultures. However, the real media is the people. |
| GLOBAL MEDIA AND CULTURE | ____ refer to the ways in which popular culture and media have become interconnected and influence each other on a global scale. |
| GLOBAL MEDIA AND CULTURE | It is the study of how ideas, values, beliefs, and entertainments are transmitted and shared across different cultures and nations through various forms of media. |
| 01. Oral communication 02. Script 03. Printing press 04. Electronic media 05. Digital media | Stages of Development of Media |
| ORAL COMMUNICATION | Language allowed humans to communicate and share information. Moreover, language became the most important tool for exploring the world and the different cultures. |
| SCRIPT | Allowed humans to communicate over a larger space and for a much longer duration. It allowed the permanent codification of economic, cultural, religious, and political practice. |
| PRINTING PRESS | The introduction of IT allowed the continuous production, reproduction, and circulation of print materials. Written documents were mass produced which gave everyone access to information. |
| ELECTRONIC MEDIA | Characterized by its use of electricity. It included telegraph, telephone, radio, film, and television. The wide reach of these media continues to open up new perspectives in the economic, political, and cultural processes of globalization. |
| DIGITAL MEDIA | It can be created, modified, and stored in any digital electronic device. Digitalized content is transmitted over the internet and computer networks. Phones and television can now be considered digital. The computer is the usual representation of it. |
| 1. Cultural differentialism 2. Cultural convergence 3. Cultural hybridity or hybridization | Influence of Globalization in Culture |
| CULTURAL DIFFERENTIALISM | Views cultural difference as immutable. |
| CULTURAL DIFFERENTIALISM | Suggest that cultures are different, strong and resilient. |
| CULTURAL CONVERGENCE | Suggests that globalization engenders a growing sameness of cultures. However, the culture of powerful and progressive countries becomes culture. |
| CULTURAL HYBRIDITY | Suggests that globalization spawns an increasing and ongoing mixing of cultures. |
| GLOCALIZATION | This term was attributed to Naoki Ito, Japanese sociologist and Roland Robertson, British sociologist in 1980s and 1990s, respectively. |
| GLOCALIZATION | This concept has been widely used in discussions about how global and local forces interact and shape various aspects of contemporary society. |
| NAOKI ITO, ROLAND ROBERTSON | Who attributed to the term Glocalization |
| GLOCALIZATION | Coined from globalization and localization, is a new concept brought about by the increased frequency of contact among cultures. |
| GLOCALIZATION | This reinforces the fact that local cultures are not weak, static or fixed; they are built and understood anew each day in globalized world (Lule, 2014). |
| GLOCALIZATION | Local cultures continue to accommodate and assimilate cultures of the world due to globalization. |
| RELIGION | is a complex and multifaceted cultural and social phenomenon that encompasses a wide range of beliefs, practices, and institutions. |
| RELIGION | pertains to human beings’ relation to that which they regard as holy, sacred, absolute, spiritual, divine, or worthy of special reverence. |
| RELIGION | It is often characterized by beliefs, practices, morality and ethics, community and institutions, text and scriptures, faith and devotion, and symbols and icons. |
| - Rise to religious nationalism - The turn of religion into public life - Proliferation of international terrorism - The increase of individual religiosity | Globalization Paved Way for Religion |
| RISE TO RELIGIOUS NATIONALISM | Nationalism was closely associated with particular religious beliefs and affiliations. |
| RISE TO RELIGIOUS NATIONALISM | Religious nationalism is a political ideology that combines religious identity with the idea of a nation-state. It often involves the belief that the values, culture, and laws of the nation should be based on a particular religion or religious identity |
| THE TURN OF RELIGION INTO PUBLIC LIFE | This refers to the increased influence of religion on political, social, and public affairs. It can manifest as religious groups and leaders actively participating in public debates and policy-making. |
| THE TURN OF RELIGION INTO PUBLIC LIFE | Religious groups and leaders have involvement in public issues such as abortion, LGBTQ+ rights, divorce, etc. |
| PROLIFERATION OF INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM | Religious extremism, a type of political violence anchored on the belief that a supreme being grants violence in the act of glorifying one’s faith, has become a central issue faced by the global community. |
| PROLIFERATION OF INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM | Extremists believe that is it their duty to fulfill God’s will through violence. |
| THE INCREASE OF INDIVIDUAL RELIGIOSITY | The individual’s need to rely on his or her beliefs and relationship with the supreme being. For some, it is a reaction based on one’s frustration towards institutionalized religions. |
| THE INCREASE OF INDIVIDUAL RELIGIOSITY | For instance, surveys have shown an increase in the number of people who identify as "spiritual but not religious" or who engage in personal religious practices such as meditation, prayer, or mindfulness. |
| MIGRATION | Because of _____, globalization has forced the appearance of “religious traditions in places where these previously had been largely unknown or considered a minority” – this is called the deterritorialization of religion. |
| DETERRITORIALIZATION | _____ is a cultural feature that blurs the line between culture and place and thus transcends territorial boundaries. |
| GLOBAL MIGRATION INFLUENCES RELIGION | Also resulted in what Colin Campbell (2007) called the Easternization of the West. The West, which is the starting point for the spread of world religions, is now the recipient of a new system of beliefs from East. |
| GLOBAL MIGRATION INFLUENCES RELIGION | The concept of "Easternization of the West" refers to the increasing influence and adoption of Eastern (or Asian) practices in Western societies. |
| GLOBAL TRENDS INFLUENCES RELIGION | On the other end, ______ and impulses and is forced to respond to newfound situations. |
| GLOBAL TRENDS INFLUENCES RELIGION | One good example is the use of social media platforms as tool for evangelization and to spread their beliefs. |
| 1. Vernacularization 2. Indigenization 3.Nationalization 4. Transnationalization | Interaction of Global-Local Religion |
| VERNACULARIZATION | It refers to the blending of universal religions with local languages. |
| VERNACULARIZATION | For instance, Arabic is used as Islam’s sacred language even outside the Arab world. While Greek and Latin remains to be the primary languages of Christianity. Translating religious texts like the Bible or the Quran into the local language of a region, so |
| INDIGENIZATION | Transforms a universal religion to suit the specifics of a particular ethnic group. |
| INDIGENIZATION | For example, the practice of Islam by various groups in the Zamboanga peninsula. Another example is the blending of African traditional forms of religiosity and Christianity in Brazil and the Caribbean. These movements incorporate beliefs and practices |
| NATIONALIZATION | It constructs a link between the nation and church. Religious institutions relate to national identities and the realities of that nation. Being part of the nation means belonging to its national church. |
| NATIONALIZATION | The Philippine Independent Church, an independent Christian denomination, is an example of national church in the Philippines. |
| TRANSNATIONALIZATION | It has complemented religious nationalization by focusing groups on identifying specific religious traditions of real and imagined national homelands. |
| TRANSNATIONALIZATION | Iglesia ni Cristo is one of good examples of this. This Christian organization is national is scope but it has an international reach that is easily identified as Filipino in its roots and central authority. |
| RELIGION PLAYS A ROLE IN GLOBAL CONFLICT | Common scenario wherein religion plays a role in global conflict: Muslim linked to jihadists attack, Jewish extremists, the American-based organization New Christian Right questioned teaching of evolution in schools. |
| MARK JUERGENSMEYER | According to _____ claims that the conflicts are about identity and economics and privilege and power. Eg., Osama bin Laden’s attack on the World Trade Center in 2011 was triggered by the American exploitation of the oil reserves in Middle East. |
| - Revolt Against Secularism - Internationalization of Religious Rebellion - Invention of Global Enemies - Global War - Religious Dimensions of Post-Arab Spring | Five stages of global religious rebellion against the secular state according to Juergensmeyer (2014) |
| REVOLT AGAINST SECULARISM | wherein localized uprising go up against the state’s less moral authority to govern; |
| INTERNATIONALIZATION OF RELIGIOUS REBELLION | wherein the warfare comes between the religious and secular politics; |
| INVENTION OF GLOBAL ENEMIES | wherein the anti- American and anti-European sentiments are growing; |
| GLOBAL WAR | wherein there is an expansion of range and depth of conflict between the secular and religious forces; and |
| RELIGIOUS DIMENSIONS OF POST-ARAB SPRING | wherein the jihadist strategy is proven to be not the way to end the struggle, but with the use of nonviolent means. |
| RELIGION AS SOURCE OF PEACE | It plays a vital role in man’s search for world peace. |
| RELIGION AS SOURCE OF PEACE | The teachings of great religion on moral principles and values are necessary tools for the abatement of avarice, abhorrence, and illusions that are the root causes of conflicts. |
| RELIGION AS SOURCE OF PEACE | Religion touches the inner self of humans and encourages them to improve themselves and society. |
| RELIGION AS SOURCE OF PEACE | Religious peacemakers do their task concerning humanitarian assistance and faith-centered intervention. Human assistance helps achieve peace by advancing poverty reduction and putting attention to economic equality. |
| THOMAS FRIEDMAN | This is according to ______ in his book titled The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century (2005), there are three (3) primary stages of globalization. |
| THE WORLD IS FLAT | _______ is metaphorical and refers to the idea that the world has become more interconnected and "flattened" in the sense that traditional barriers, such as geography and distance, have been reduced by globalization and advancements in technology. |
| - GLOBALIZATION 1.0 (1492-1800) - GLOBALIZATION 2.0 (1800-2000) - GLOBALIZATION 3.0 (2000-PRESENT) | Three (3) Stages of Globalization |
| GLOBALIZATION 1.0 (1492-1800) | This stage is often referred as the “Globalization of Countries” and the shrank of the world from a size large to a size medium. This is also known as the age of mercantilism and colonialism and the driving forceS |
| GLOBALIZATION 2.0 (1800-2000) | This stage known as the “Globalization of Companies” and this stage is the age of Pax Britannica when Great Britain was the hegemonic power in terms of trade and economy; |
| GLOBALIZATION 3.0 (2000-PRESENT) | Friedman refers to this stage as “Globalization of Individuals”. This stage refers to the age of Pax Americana when the United States of America was the hegemonic power in terms of security, trade and economy. |
| JOSEPH NYE (2004) | He coined the term soft power which showed that the present condition does not use the tactics of force as primary strategy in maintaining one’s influence over another state. |
| SOFT POWER | is a form of power arises from the attractiveness of a country’s culture, political, and policies. |
| MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS | play a substantial role in the global economy and enjoy multitude of privileges such as unquestionable access to vast amount of wealth they draw from their income, |
| GLOBAL CITY | It is often referred to as world city that plays a significant role in the global economic system. |
| GLOBAL CITY | The_____ serves as a hub for production, finance, and telecommunications. |
| GLOBAL CITY | This is an urban center that enjoys significant competitive advantages and that serves as a hub within a globalized economic system. |
| SASKIA SASSEN | The term “global city” was popularized by ______ in 1990s. |
| - CULTURAL DIVERSITY OF THE PEOPLE - EXISTENCE OF A CENTER OF ECONOMY - GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSAL OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES THAT MARKS GLOBALIZATION - GLOBAL REACH PERFORMANCE | Sassen outlined the different characteristics of global city: |
| 1. New York city 2. London 3. Paris 4. Tokyo 5. Beijing 6. Los Angeles 7. Chicago 8. Melbourne 9. Singapore 10. Hongkong | Latest Global Cities Report |
| DEMOGRAPHY | It is a field in statistics that is concerned with births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which later illustrates the changing structure of human populations. |
| DEMOGRAPHY | In the context of political science, demography is a statistical study to determine world population that can used as a tool to identify certain phenomenon in geopolitics, public administration, and others. |
| GLOBAL CITY SOCIETY | The idea of global civil society was seen during the ‘90s as a mosaic of new groups, organizations, and movements that started to appear, which both sought to challenge or resist what was seen as corporate globalization and create articulate models |
| The role of global civil society in global demography is its salient influence on institutional decision-making, affecting the population at large. |
Created by:
iivius