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Unit 6 Quiz
Marine Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Corals are marine invertebrate belonging to the _______ and have a ____ body | Cnidaria phylum, polyp |
| Corals are found in the tropics and subtropics | Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans where its warm and plenty of light |
| One of the most _____ places in the ocean and called the “__________ of the sea” | diverse, rainforests |
| Coral reef importance | shelter, medicine, tourism, food source, O2 and nutrients into environment, modify speed and directions of currents |
| Corals cover less than ___ of the ocean floor but support _____ of ____ marine species in the ocean | 1%, 25%, all |
| ______ species of fish, more than ___ million plants and animals it provides for | 4000, 1 |
| _____ species of coral | 6000 |
| Three different types of coral | deep sea corals , soft corals (NON reef building) , hard corals (reef building) |
| The foundation for this community is the ... | coral animal itself. |
| Deep sea corals survive about ______ and ______ , Survive on no _____, ____, ______ conditions , Can be found _______ | 6000m. below, light, icy, cold, worldwide |
| Soft corals exist on a ____ but do NOT ____ reefs and have no _________ _________ structure | reef, build, calcium carbonate |
| Soft corals have a _____ _____ core for support and _______ ______ for protection | wood-like, fleshy rinds |
| Soft corals resemble _____ or _____ and include species like _____ ______ and ____ _____ | plants, trees. sea finger, sea whips |
| Hard corals or “______ __________ corals” are the architects that have _____ ________ skeletons made of calcium __________ | reef building, hard stony, carbonate |
| Coral reef builders include __________ __________ and _______ ________ | brain coral and elkhorn coral |
| Branching corals have _________ & __________ branches | primary, secondary |
| Table corals form _______ ______ structures | table like |
| Elkhorn coral have ________ ________ branches (_______ growing) | antler-like, fast |
| Foliose Coral have an _____ _______ petal look | open flower |
| Encrusting corals are low _________ and grow in ________ not height | spreading, diameter |
| Massive coral have a ________ or _______ like look growing __ ft tall (_______ growing) | brain, stone, 6, slow |
| Corals reproduce by _________ __________ | broadcast spawning |
| Broadcast spawning | corals release larvae into the water,drifting until they land on a hard surface on edges of island/continents, larvae attach and develop into young coral polyp |
| Hard Corals | Reef building & foundational species Made of CaCO3 |
| Hard Coral examples | Encrusting, Elkhorn, Foliose, Massive, Branching, Table |
| Soft Corals | Bendable NO CaCO3 , Look like trees, bushes, or grasses, Add to reef after foundational species |
| Soft coral examples | Star Coral, Toadstool, Sea Pen, Tree Coral, Sea Fan |
| The coral polyps survive by forming a relationship with __________ | zooxanthellae |
| Coral Polyp | tiny animal that live in colonies |
| zooxanthellae | photosynthetic algae that live in the coral |
| Over time, the coral polyps grow and form _______ _________ | massive reefs |
| Coral polyps provide ____ of food to the coral | 10% |
| The tentacles have stinging cells, called _________ | nematocysts |
| Nematocysts on tentacles allow the coral _______ to ________ small organisms ________ in the _______ | polyp, capture, drifting, current |
| ___ of the corals food is obtained through________ from the _____________ | 90%, photosynthesis, zooxanthellae |
| zooxanthellae provides _____ and ________ to the coral and in exchange the coral provide _________ and ________ to the algae | nutrients (sugars), oxygen, nutrients (CO2), protection |
| It takes a _____ time to create a big colony of coral reef, because each coral grows so ______ | long, slowly, |
| Most coral grow less than __ inch per _______ | 1, year |
| Colonies of corals, however, can live for __________ to ___________ | decades, centuries |
| Scientists know this by studying the _______ corals lay each year | rings |
| ______ of the Great Barrier Reef has died | ½ |
| Number of Rings show ______ ______ | corals age |
| Thickness of rings show _________ __________ _________ ________ | factors affecting coral growth |
| Trapped air bubbles in coral rings give _______ ___________ | air quality |
| The relationship between coral and __________ allow corals to grow into enormous structures we call ________ | zooxanthelle, reefs |
| Over time marine ecosystems ______ when conditions are _______ longer ______ for the existing life forms. | change, no, suitable |
| Ecological succession | one community slowly replaces another community of living things |
| Ecological succession example | sandy beach to a rocky beach |
| Changes in the species composition of an ecosystem is due to _________ disturbances and __________ disturbances | human, natural |
| The change results in two types _________ succession, and ___________ succession | primary and secondary |
| Primary succession | lifeless areas which are incapable of sustaining life |
| Primary succession characteristics | no life existed, lava flows, new sand dunes, rocks from a retreating glacier |
| Secondary Succession | an area where a previous community existed, natural disturbances and human disturbances |
| Natural disturbances examples | fire, flood, typhoon, hurricane, tsunami |
| Human disturbances examples | oil spill, boat breaking corals, chemicals released |
| Coral Reef Succession 1st purposed by ___________ _____________ | Charles Darwin |
| He viewed the ______ types of coral reefs as simply different stages in the ______ of oceanic islands | three, evolution, |
| CORAL REEF SUCCESSION | Fringing reefs, barrier reef, atoll, |
| Fringing reefs begin to grow _____ _____ _______ of new islands when conditions were ______for corals | near the shore, ideal |
| As the island began to _____ the coral was able to _________ _____ ________ but ________ from shore creating a barrier reef | sink, remain in place, further |
| Eventually the island __________ below the sea surface leaving only the _____ of corals encircling a ________ creating an atoll | disappeared, ring, lagoon |
| It can take as long as _________ years for a fringing reef to form | 10,000 |
| Over the next ________ years, if conditions are favorable, the reef will continue to _____ | 100,000, expand |
| As the reef expands, the interior island usually begins to ______ and the fringing reef turns into a ______ reef | subside, barrier |
| When the island completely subsides ________ the water leaving a _____ of growing coral with an open _______ in its center, it is called an atoll | beneath, ring, lagoon |
| The process of atoll formation may take as long as _________ years to occur. | 30,000,000 |
| Most established corals reefs are between _____________ - ___________ years old | 5,000-10,000 |
| Sticky calcium carbonate | Secretes a sticky substance to help attach to a hard surface |
| Mouth & Gut | Have a "blind gut" which means both food & waste enter & exit through the mouth |
| Corallite | A calcium carbonate structure the polyp can withdraw into to be safe from predators. |
| Zooxanthellae | Algae that lives in coral tissue & photosynthesize. Provide sugar & oxygen |
| Tentacles | Uses to capture food (plankton floating through the water) |
| Hard substrate | Larvae settles on a rock or other surface, attaches & develops |
| Coral tissue | Protects their calcium carbonate skeleton from dissolving |
| Colony | Genetically identical polyps form a colony by growing copies of itself |
| Encrusting coral | grow slow and out |
| Elkorn coral | fastest growing, antler like |
| Massive brain | slow growing, tallest growing |
| Coral grow on average __ inch per year | 1 |
| Corals depend on _______ _________waters, ______ shallow water, lots of _______ and salinity | warm tropical, clear, sunlight |
| nematocysts | stinging cells |
| Fringing reefs have no ________ and are susceptible to __________, pollution, and ________ | lagoons, runoff, sediments |
| Fringing reeds are the most __________ type but are decreasing due to _________ development | common, development |
| Fringing reefs form along ______ | coastlines |
| Example of fringing reefs is the | Florida keys |
| When the polyps or corals die they leave behind a white _________ __________ structure | hard stony |
| When soft corals die | their flesh rots |
| Natural threats to corals include | disease, predators, and storms |
| Human threats to corals include | pollution, sediment, unstainable fishing, climate change |
| Climate change which increases ocean __________ and causes _______ __________ | temperature, ocean acidification, |
| Many of these threats cause corals to become stressed which leads to coral ________, physical _________, to the reef or _________ to the coral | bleaching, damage, death |
| The Great Barrier Reef was hit especially hard where _________ of miles of corals were ___________ (______ % of reef died) | hundreds, bleached, 30% |
| Coral reefs are considered to be ___________ ___________ | medicine cabinets |
| Chemicals can be converted into medicines like _________ fighting drugs | cancer |
| Scientists have found animals like _______ snails to be important chemical ___________ | cone, producers |
| Cone snails contain chemical ___________ which can be ________ to humans | venom, harmful |
| How can venom be beneficial | to create new medicines that move through a patient's body in a quicker and more efficient manner |
| New types of __________ for treatment of diabetes | insulin |
| Better treatments for ___________ diseases like Alzheimer's | neurological |
| New _________ that would aim to _______/ _________ forms of cancer | slow, cure |
| What might happen to the cone snails if the coral reefs disappeared? | Cone snails lose their habitats as corals act as their home and protection from predators such as crabs |
| barrier reefs | When the island begins to sink but the coral remains in place and is now farther from shore |
| Fringing reefs | Reefs that grow very close to the island or continent, with a shallow lagoon between them. |
| coral reef | An underwater ecosystem made up of reef building corals; "rainforests of the sea |
| atoll | When the whole island sinks beneath the surface of the ocean, leaving just a ring of corals encircling a lagoon |
| coral polyp | Tiny animals that live in a colony (group) that create coral reefs |
| barrier reefs formed as reefs grow _________ and create a _____ between shore and the corals | seaward, gap |
| Barrier reefs are ______ to shore, and _______ common | parallel, less |
| Barrier reef is ___________ from land by a ________ | separated, lagoon |
| Great Barrier Reef is the _______ largest reef (_______ miles) | world's, 1200 |
| Atoll is _____ and ______ oceans | circular, mid |
| Atoll encloses a __________ where there is no ______ mass | lagoon, land |
| Atoll forms when island _____ below the oceans ________, creating a _____ shape | sinks, surface, ring |
| barrier reef | sinking island |
| atoll | island below sea level |
| fringing reef | island |
Created by:
AlanaRam1