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PBS 2.2 Vocabulary
PBS 2.2 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Alleles | A genetic variation of a trait. Parts of a chromosome made of DNA. |
| Autosomes | Any of the 22 numbered chromosomes in a human. They don't include the sex chromosomes. |
| Centromere | The core of the chromosome. Important part of cell division. |
| Chromatid | The extensions of a chromosome that are connected to the Centromere. Made of DNA. |
| Chromosome | DNA structures found in the Nucleus of most cells in the body. They carry genetic information in the form of genes. Humans carry 46 of these. |
| Deletion Mutation | A mutation process where a nucleotide base is lost or destroyed. This can cause a variety of genetic issues. |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid. Makes up Chromosomes and carries Genetic Information. 4 Nitrogen bases form a double helix stucture. |
| DNA primer | Short stretches of DNA that target unique sequences and help identify a unique part of genome. |
| Dominant Allele | Expressed by a capitol letter. These cause a phenotype and are one half of a genotype. These mask other possible phenotypes. |
| Eukaryotic | A cell with a clearly defined nucleus. |
| Familial Hypercholesterolemia | A genetic disorder that leaves the body unable to remove Low-density lipoproteins correctly, leaving a high amount of cholesterol and LDL in the body. |
| Frameshift Mutation | A type of change in genes that explains the insertion or deletion of nucleotide bases that are not in multiples of 3. |
| Genes | The basic unit for heredity. Made of DNA and found in chromosomes. |
| Genome | The complete set of instructions (genes) in an organisms. All of it's genetic material. |
| Genotype | The genetic information in Alleles that form a Phenotype. |
| Gel Electrophoresis | A technique that can be used to organize and separate DNA fragments according to their size. |
| Heterozygous | When talking about genetics, it refers to a genotype with different alleles. (Bb, Aa, etc.) |
| Homologous Chromosomes | This refers to chromosome pairs with the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern for genes with corresponding loci, But actual genetic info in the nucleic acid sequence is different between the chromosomes. |
| Homozygous | When talking about genetics, it refers to a genotype with the same alleles. (AA, BB, cc, etc.) |
| Insertion Mutation | A type of change in genes that involves the adding of one or more nucleotide bases into a segment of DNA. |
| Karyotype | A person's complete set of chromosomes. |
| Messenger RNA (mRNA) | A molecule made of DNA that contains information to build proteins. |
| Mitosis | Cell Division that results in two cells identical to the original. |
| Mutation | The process of a genome being altered. The nucleic acid is changed into something different. |
| Nondisjunction | The failure of homologous chromosomes to divide properly. |
| Nucleotides | The bases that make up DNA. Contain the blueprints needed to make proteins. |
| Pedigree | The recorded history and ancestry of a person. May be used to find specific inheritances or traits. |
| Phenotype | The physical effect a Genotype has on an organism. |
| Point Mutation | A type of change in genes that describes one base pair being altered, deleted, or added. |
| Polymerase Chain Reaction | A laboratory process that allows scientists to copy millions to billions of copies of a section of DNA. |
| Proteins | Biomolecules made of amino acids that are made from DNA. These help regulate the body make us, us. |
| Protein Synthesis | The process that cells with DNA use to make proteins. |
| Punnett Square | A system to decide the probability of an organism's genotype, based on it's parents. |
| Recessive Alleles | These larger components made of DNA need two of itself to express the related Phenotype. |
| Restriction Enzyme | A protein separate from bacteria that slices DNA into segments at specific locaitons. |
| Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) | Similar to DNA, this nucleic acid has usually only 1 strand. It contains the info needed to produce proteins. |
| Sex Chromosomes | The 23rd pair of chromosomes in a human. The two types (X and Y) determine the human's sex. |
| Silent Mutation | A type of change in genes where the DNA is altered, substituted, or deleted, but as no affect on the amino acid sequence. |
| Benign | A non-cancerous or relatively harmless disease or condition. |
| Base Pair | The materials that make up DNA. A, T, C, and G are the letters that describe these things. |
| Gestational Diabetes | A period of time in which a mother's ability to absorb glucose is inhibited during pregnancy. It can develop into type 2 diabetes after. |
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | A diagnostic that uses magnets and radio waves to get a look at almost every organ and body system in a human. |
| Malignant | When a disease or condition is cancerous and will possibly spread to other cells. |
| Meiosis | Cell division in sexual reproduction that involves a decrease of chromosomes in the newly made cells. |
| Prognosis | A prediction of a condition's outlook in the future based on certain activities and actions. |
| Ultrasound Imaging | A test that uses sound waves to look at a person's tissues and organs. |
Created by:
Andrew Scott.