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chemistry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| decomposition | turning a chemical compound into a 2 or more elements |
| synthesis | Turning 2 elements into a compound |
| combustion | a combustible substance reacting O2 to form Co2 and H2O |
| double-replacement | two compounds exchanging a part of each with the other |
| neutralization | when an acid and a base react to form water and a salt |
| single-replacement | a reaction in which one element is switched for another element in a compound |
| salt | a substance produced by the reaction of an acid with a base |
| pH scale | a scale to measure the acidity or basicness of any substance. starting from strong acid (0) to neutral (7) to strong bases (14) |
| Catalyst | a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change. |
| Enzyme | proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies. |
| Concentration | the percent of something in a solution |
| Surface area | the area of a chemical substance that can react with another chemical substance |
| Bohr diagram | a diagram showing the number of protons in the nucleus and electrons assigned to their respective orbitals. |
| Valence Electrons | Valence Electrons: the outermost shell of electrons which shows how many electrons it has and needs. |
| Stable Octet | an element (sometimes eg Noble Gases) or an ion which has a full valence shell of electrons hence an octet of 8. |
| compound | a mix of two or more elements |
| covalent bonding | two or more atoms sharing electrons as to make both have a full valence shell |
| covalent compound | a compound made up of two or more atoms sharing electrons. they have prefixes in their name. |
| ionic bonding | an atom taking an electron from another atom to make both of their valence shells full |
| ionic compound | atoms with opposite charges that are attracted to each other |
| molecule | atoms bonded together to make a compond |
| polyatomic ion | an ion that contains more than one atom |
| binary covalent compound | a covalent compound containing two different atoms |
| Lewis structure | a representation of a covalent or ionic bond between atoms |
| Lone pair | a pair of electrons that are not shared between two atoms. |
| law of conservation of mass | matter cannot be created or destroyed |
| chemical equation | a representation of a chemical reaction using symbols of the element |
| chemical reaction | element reacting with other elements to change them |
| Arrhenius acid | a substance that releases a positively charged H ion |
| Arrhenius base | a substance that releases a neg. charged hydroxide ion |
| hydronium | when a +charged H ion immediatly reacts with water to form hydronium |
| spectator ion | an element that doesn't react either as a reactant or a product |
| acid-base indicator | compounds that change color when they become more acidic or more basic |
| phenolphthalein | an acid-base indicator that is clear but becomes pink when the PH is higher then 9 |
| titration | a technique where a solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution. |
| endothermic reaction | process that sucks in energy in the form of heat |
| exothermic reaction | process that releases energy in the form of heat |
| potential energy | type of energy that is stored in something, such as heat |
| activation energy | The amount of energy needed to start at reaction |
| transition state | the peak of amount of energy in between the reactants and products. |
| radioactivity | the act of emitting radiation spontaneously |
| radioactive decay | the emission of energy in the form of ionizing radiation. |
| electromagnetic radiation | a form of energy that propagates as both electrical and magnetic waves |
| visible light | the segment of the electromagnetic spectrum that the human eye can view |
| ionizing radiation | a form of energy that acts by removing electrons from atoms and molecules of materials |
| non-ionizing radiation | energy waves composed of oscillating electric and magnetic fields traveling at the speed of light. |
| alpha radiation | radiation in the form of helium nuclei with a positive charge |
| alpha decay | radioactive decay which produces helium nuclei with a positive charge |
| beta radiation | radiation in the form of electrons with a negative charge |
| beta decay | radioactive decay in the form of elections with a negative charge |
| gamma radiation | radiation in the form of high energy light with a neutral charge, the most penetrating type of radiation |
| gamma decay | radioactive decay in the form of high energy light with a neutral charge |
| half-life | the amount of time it takes for half of a substance to decay away |
| radioisotope | a radioactive isotope. |
| nuclear reaction | A process in which an atom's nucleus gains or releases particles or energy |
| nuclear fission | a process in which a nucleus splits into two and changes some mass into huge amounts of energy |
| nuclear fusion | a process in which a two nucleus's combine and change some mass into huge amounts of energy |
| chain reaction | A reaction of one fission reaction starting another over and over |
Created by:
squiddyman
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