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Neuro/Psych 5
| Generic | Brand | Pharmacologic Category | Common Indication | Key Side Effects | Boxed Warnings | Other Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| buspirone (PO) | Buspar | Antianxiety agent | Anxiety | dizziness, drowsiness, nausea | --- | do not use with MAOI |
| alprazolam (PO) | Xanax | Benzo | Anxiety | daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, w/drawl | risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death w/ opioids; Risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction; Risk of dependence and w/drawl reactions | --- |
| clonazepam (PO) | Klonopin | Benzo | Anxiety, seizure disorders | daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, w/drawl | risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death w/ opioids; Risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction; Risk of dependence and w/drawl reactions | --- |
| diazepam (PO, IV) | Valium | Benzo | Anxiety, seizure disorders, acute alcohol w/drawl | daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, w/drawl | risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death w/ opioids; Risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction; Risk of dependence and w/drawl reactions | --- |
| lorazepam (PO, IV) | Ativan | Benzo | Anxiety, seizure disorders, acute alcohol w/drawl | daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, w/drawl | risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death w/ opioids; Risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction; Risk of dependence and w/drawl reactions | parental formulation contains PG and may be associated w/ toxicity if used >48 hours |
| midazolam (IV, IM) | Versed | Benzo | Anesthesia, sedation | daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, w/drawl | risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death w/ opioids; Risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction; Risk of dependence and w/drawl reactions | --- |
| zolpidem (PO,SL) | Ambien (PO), Ambien CR (PO), Edluar (SL) | Hypnotic | Insomnia | decreased ability to function the next morning, somnolence, HA, dizziness, xerostomia, anterograde amnesia | serious injuries, including death, have occurred because of complex sleep behaviors; contraindicated for in pt w/ hx of complex sleep behaviors | --- |
| melatonin (PO) | --- | Sleep aid | Insomnia, jet lag | drowsiness, daytime somnolence | --- | --- |
| propofol (IV) | Diprivan | Sedative, general anesthetic | Sedation for mechanical ventilation, procedural anesthesia, status epilepticus | hypotension, hypertriglyceridemia, propofol-related infusion syndrome (rare) | --- | 10% lipid emulsion containing 1.1 kcal/mL |
| dexmedetomidine (IV) | Precedex | Alpha2 agonist, sedative | Sedation for mechanical ventilation or procedures | bradycardia, hypotension | --- | tolerance and tachyphylaxis if used >24 hours |