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Gen Set 5 - 12/13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Is cancer cell mutation passed to offspring? | No |
| If cancer mutations are in germ cells they can be _____ ____ to next generations. | Passed on |
| People with cancer predisposition carry the mutation in all _______ cells and in ____ cells. | somatic / germ |
| ______ cases are the most common form of cancer. | sporadic |
| What is an adenoma? | A nonmalignanat tumour |
| Melanoma is a type of severe ____ ____. | skin cancer |
| proto-oncogenes initiate and maintain ___ ____. | cell division |
| Oncogenes induce or continue _______ cell division. | uncontrolled |
| What are the two types of retnoblastoma? | Familial and sporadic |
| If you inherit and express a mutant RB1 gene you have a high chance of getting? | Familial retnoblastoma |
| The RB1 gene is located on chromosome ____. | 13 |
| If both RB1 copies are mutated in a retinal cell, there is no ______ to regulate cell division. Cell divides uncontrollably. | pRB |
| The RAS proto-oncogenes encode proteins involved in transmitting signals from the ____ ___ to the cell _____. | Plasma membrane to the cell nucleus |
| _____ is the breast cancer predisposition gene located on chromosome ___. | BRCA1 / 17 |
| BRCA2 maps to the long arm of chromosome ___. | 13 |
| BRCA1 and 2 encode a large protein found only in the _____. | nucleus |
| The BRCA1 protein is activated when ____ is damaged. | DNA |
| Like Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, BRCA1 and 2 are inherited as _______ ______ trait. | autosomal dominant |
| ______ are growths on benign tumours in the large intestine. | polyps |
| When polyps and colon cancer are a single phenotype, ______ _____ inheritance is clear. | autosomal dominant |
| Colon cancer starts with a mutation in the ____ gene. | APC |
| Mutation in one copy of the _____ proto-oncogene in a polyp cell transforms the polyp into an ______. | k-ras / adenoma |
| Colon cancer is a multistep process that involves _____ and mutant ____ _____ genes. | oncogenes / tumour suppressor |
| What are the two pathways to colon cancer? | Mutation in APC gene or mutation in DNA repair gene. |
| Genes that control cell growth and passage through the cell cyle. ex tumour suppressor genes | gatekeeper genes |
| DNA repair genes are called? | caretaker genes |
| In HNPCC polyps are _____ or accumulate _____. However, mutation rates in these polyps are much ____ than in normal cells. | Absent / slowly / faster |
| One chromosome set is incomplete. What is this called? | Aneuploidy |
| Cancer that induces uncontrolled division of the white blood cells. | Leukemia |
| Philadelphia chromosome is produced by a _______ of parts of the long arm of chromosome 9 and 22. | translocation |
| Chromosomal breaks can convert ______ to _______, initiating cancer. | Proto-oncogenes to oncogenes |
| Several types of translocations associated with cancer create _____ genes. | hybrid |
| Celles in bone marrow rapidly reproduce, they are involved in making ____ _____ cells. | Red blood |
| Only ______ CML cells contain the hybrid BCR-ABL protein. | cancerous |
| Gleevec fits into the ____ binding pocket of BCR-ABL protein. Rendering it inactive. | ATP |
| The study of th factors that control the presence or absense or frequency of a disease. | epidemiology |
| What are the two major factors of cancer prevention? | Diet and behaviour |
| What are the two most widely used cloning methods? | Nuclear transfer and embryo splitting |
| In embryo splitting _____ is used the fertilize the egg. This results in an ____ forming with __ to ___ cells. | ivf / embryo / 8 to 16 |
| DNA can be cut at specific site by ___ ____. | Restriction enzymes |
| Restriction enzymes cut DNA at the _______ site. | recognition |
| The enzyme DNA ligase ____ spliced DNA points together again through _____ binding. | sticks / covalent |
| Self-replicating DNA molecules used to transfer foreign DNA segments between host cells. | Vectors |
| cDNA is? | Chromosomal DNA |
| The genes from a single chromosome are called a? | Chromosomal library |
| Expressed sequence library | all genes expresssed in a certain cell type |
| YACs what does it stand for? What is it? | Yeast Artificial Chromosomes / Large capacity vector |
| Finding a specific gene in a cloned library requires a ______ _____. | molecular probe |
| Humans have 20-50 _________ genes. | thousand |
| A labeled nucleic acid used to identify a complementary region in a clone or genome. | Probe |
| The Polymerase Chain Reaction copies the DNA without _____. | Cloning |
| DNA fragments are separated by size with gel ______. | electrophoresis |
Created by:
Husseinu