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BDK SE
list with side effects
| Generic | Brand | Category | Indication | Knowledge |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| beclomethasone (INH) | Qvar | Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) | Asthma, COPD | Key Side Effects: oral candidiasis, hoarseness (dysphonia), sore throat Other Notes: rinse mouth with water and spit to prevent Candida infection |
| budesonide (INH) | Pulmicort | Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) | Asthma, COPD | Key Side Effects: oral candidiasis, hoarseness (dysphonia), sore throat Other Notes: rinse mouth with water and spit to prevent Candida infection |
| fluticasone propionate (INH) | Flovent, Arnuity | Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and long-acting beta2 agonist (LABA) | Asthma, COPD | Key Side Effects: oral candidiasis, hoarseness (dysphonia), sore throat Other Notes: rinse mouth with water and spit to prevent Candida infection |
| fluticasone and salmeterol (INH) | Advair, Wixela | Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and long-acting beta2 agonist (LABA) | Asthma, COPD | Key Side Effects: oral candidiasis, hoarseness (dysphonia), sore throat Other Notes: rinse mouth with water and spit to prevent Candida infection |
| budesonide and formoterol (INH) | Symbicort | Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and long-acting beta2 agonist (LABA) | Asthma, COPD | Key Side Effects: oral candidiasis, hoarseness (dysphonia), sore throat Other Notes: rinse mouth with water and spit to prevent Candida infection |
| mometasone and formoterol (INH) | Dulera | Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and long-acting beta2 agonist (LABA) | Asthma, COPD | Key Side Effects: oral candidiasis, hoarseness (dysphonia), sore throat Other Notes: rinse mouth with water and spit to prevent Candida infection |
| tiotropium (INH) | Spiriva | Long-acting anticholinergic | Asthma, COPD | Key Side Effects: xerostomia |
| theophylline (PO) | Theo-24, Theochron | Phosphodiesterase enzyme inhibitor | Asthma, COPD | Key Side Effects: tachycardia, headache, nausea, insomnia, tremor Other Notes: narrow therapeutic index drug; may cause seizures and cardiac arrhythmias at high concentrations |
| albuterol (INH) | Proventil, Ventolin, ProAir | Short-acting beta2 agonist (SABA) | Asthma, COPD | Key Side Effects: tremor, tachycardia, nervousness, excitement |
| levalbuterol (INH) | Xopenex | Short-acting beta2 agonist (SABA) | Asthma | Key Side Effects: tremor, tachycardia, nervousness, excitement |
| ipratropium (INH) | Atrovent HFA | Short-acting anticholinergic | COPD | Key Side Effects: xerostomia, nausea, dysgeusia |
| montelukast (PO) | Singulair | Leukotriene receptor antagonist | Allergic rhinitis, asthma | Key Side Effects: headache US Boxed Warning: risk of serious neuropsychiatric effects (i.e., serious behavior and mood-related changes, including suicidal thoughts and actions) |
| varenicline (PO) | Chantix | Partial nicotine agonist | Smoking cessation | Key Side Effects: nausea, vomiting, abnormal dreams, headache, insomnia, irritability |
| ipratropium and albuterol (INH) | Combivent | See individual drug components | See individual drug components | |
| lithium (PO) | Lithobid | Antimanic agent | Bipolar disorder | Key Side Effects: tremor, acne, hypothyroidism, weight gain, polyuria, polydipsia US Boxed Warnings: ability to promptly monitor levels is necessary Other Notes: narrow therapeutic index drug |
| sumatriptan (PO, intranasal, SQ) | Imitrex | Antimigraine | Migraine | Key Side Effects: fatigue, somnolence, dizziness, chest tightness Other Notes: CI in ischemic heart disease, history of stroke or TIA, peripheral vascular disease, and uncontrolled hypertension |
| haloperidol (PO, IV, IM) | Haldol | First-generation antipsychotic | Schizophrenia | Key Side Effects: sedation, EPS, parkinsonism, xerostomia, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain, QTc prolongation US Boxed Warnings: elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death |
| clozapine (PO) | Clozaril | Second-generation antipsychotic | Treatment-resistant schizophrenia | SE: sedation, dry mouth, low bp, high bs, weight gain BB: neutropenia, low bp, bradycardia, syncope; seizures; myocarditis and cardiomyopathy; elderly patients with dementia tx w/ antipsychotic rx at risk of death Other: monitoring of ANC to receive Rx |
| aripiprazole (PO, IM) | Abilify | Second-generation antipsychotic | Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants) | SE: sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension BB: risk of suicidal thinking and behavior ; elderly patients with dementia tx w/ antipsychotic drugs risk of death |
| quetiapine (PO) | Seroquel, Seroquel XR | Second-generation antipsychotic | Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants) | SE: sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension BB: risk of suicidal thinking and behavior ; elderly patients with dementia tx w/ antipsychotic drugs risk of death |
| olanzapine (PO, IM) | Zyprexa | Second-generation antipsychotic | Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants) | SE: sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain BB: elderly patients with dementia tx w/ antipsychotic drugs risk of death |
| risperidone (PO, IM) | PO: Risperdal, IM: Risperdal Consta | Second-generation antipsychotic | Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants) | SE: sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain BB: elderly patients with dementia tx w/ antipsychotic drugs risk of death |
| ziprasidone (PO, IM) | Geodon | Second-generation antipsychotic | Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants) | SE: sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain BB: elderly patients with dementia tx w/ antipsychotic drugs risk of death |
| brimonidine (ophthalmic) | Alphagan P | Alpha2 agonist | Elevated IOP | Key Side Effects: ocular hypersensitivity, drowsiness, allergic conjunctivitis, conjunctival hyperemia, ocular pruritus Other Notes: CI with MAOI therapy |
| timolol (ophthalmic) | Timoptic, Timoptic XE, Istalol | Non-selective beta-blocker | Elevated IOP | Key Side Effects: ocular stinging and burning |
| bimatoprost (ophthalmic) | Lumigan, Latisse | Prostaglandin analog | Elevated IOP, eyelash hypotrichosis | Key Side Effects: eyelash growth, conjunctival hyperemia, ocular pruritus, iris color change, periocular hyperpigmentation |
| latanoprost (ophthalmic) | Xalatan | Prostaglandin analog | Elevated IOP | Key Side Effects: eyelash growth, conjunctival hyperemia, ocular pruritus, iris color change, periocular hyperpigmentation |
| travoprost (ophthalmic) | Travatan Z | Prostaglandin analog | Elevated IOP | Key Side Effects: eyelash growth, conjunctival hyperemia, ocular pruritus, iris color change, periocular hyperpigmentation |
| cyclosporine (ophthalmic) | Restasis | Calcineurin inhibitor | Keratoconjunctivitis sicca | Key Side Effects: ocular burning, stinging, pruritus, foreign body sensation, hypersensitivity reaction |
| permethrin (topical) * | Nix, Elimite | Pediculocide | Lice, scabies | Key Side Effects: itching, redness, swelling of scalp |
| adapalene (topical) * | Differin | Retinoic acid derivative | Acne | Key Side Effects: xeroderma, skin exfoliation, erythema, stinging, burning |
| prednisolone (ophthalmic) | Pred Forte, Pred Mild, Omnipred | Corticosteroid | Ophthalmic inflammation | Key Side Effects: glaucoma, cataract formation, corneal thinning, secondary infection |
| chlorhexidine (topical, PO) | Hibiclens, Peridex | Antiseptic | Skin cleanser, periodontitis, gingivitis | Key Side Effects: dysgeusia, increased tartar formation, mouth discoloration, mouth irritation |
| clobetasol (topical) | Temovate, Clobex | Corticosteroid | Psoriasis, atopic dermatitis | Key Side Effects: burning of skin, dryness of skin, hypopigmentation, secondary infection Other Notes: do not use for > 2 weeks because it may cause adrenal suppression |
| triamcinolone (topical) | Kenalog | Corticosteroid | Psoriasis, atopic dermatitis | Key Side Effects: burning of skin, dryness of skin, hypopigmentation, secondary infection Other Notes: do not use for > 2 weeks because it may cause adrenal suppression |
| mirtazapine (PO) | Remeron | Alpha2 antagonist | MDD | Key Side Effects: drowsiness, weight gain, xerostomia, increased appetite, constipation US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults |
| bupropion (PO) | Wellbutrin SR, Wellbutrin XL | Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor | MDD | SE: tachycardia, headache, agitation, dizziness, insomnia, weight loss BB: increased risk of suicidal thinking ; neuropsychiatric reactions Other Notes: use may increase risk of seizures (CI in patients with seizure disorders and/or eating disorders) |
| atomoxetine (PO) | Strattera | Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) | ADHD | SE: hypertension, tachycardia, headache, xerostomia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, decreased appetite, insomnia BB: increased risk of suicidal ideation Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly |
| desvenlafaxine (PO) | Pristiq | Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) | MDD | Key Side Effects: headache, xerostomia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, decreased appetite, insomnia US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly |
| duloxetine (PO) | Cymbalta | Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) | MDD | Key Side Effects: headache, xerostomia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, decreased appetite, insomnia US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly |
| venlafaxine (PO) | Effexor, Effexor XR | Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) | MDD | Key Side Effects: headache, xerostomia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, decreased appetite, insomnia US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly |
| citalopram (PO) | Celexa | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) | MDD | SE: drowsiness, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, xerostomia, sexual dysfunction, headache BB: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly |
| fluoxetine (PO) | Prozac | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) | MDD | SE: drowsiness, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, xerostomia, sexual dysfunction, headache BB: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly |
| escitalopram (PO) | Lexapro | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) | MDD | SE: drowsiness, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, xerostomia, sexual dysfunction, headache BB: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly |
| paroxetine (PO) | Paxil | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) | MDD | SE: drowsiness, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, xerostomia, sexual dysfunction, headache BB: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly |
| sertraline (PO) | Zoloft | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) | MDD | SE: drowsiness, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, xerostomia, sexual dysfunction, headache BB: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly |
| trazodone (PO) | Desyrel | Serotonin reuptake inhibitor | Insomnia, MDD | Key Side Effects: sedation, headache, dizziness, dry mouth, nausea US Boxed Warnings: antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents and young adults |
| vilazodone (PO) | Viibryd | SSRI / 5-HT1a partial agonist | MDD | Key Side Effects: headache, diarrhea, nausea, dizziness, insomnia US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults |
| amitriptyline (PO) | Elavil | Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) | MDD, diabetic neuropathy, migraine prophylaxis | SE: dizziness, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction BB: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly |
| nortriptyline (PO) | Pamelor | Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) | MDD, diabetic neuropathy, migraine prophylaxis | SE: dizziness, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction BB: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly |
| doxepin (PO) | Silenor | Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) | Insomnia | Key Side Effects: somnolence, sedation, nausea Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly |
| benztropine (PO) | Cogentin | Anticholinergic | Drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms | Key Side Effects: blurred vision, confusion, constipation, dry mouth, sedation, urinary retention |
| dexmethylphenidate (PO) | Focalin XR | CNS stimulant | ADHD | Key Side Effects: insomnia, headache, anxiety, weight loss, decreased appetite, hypertension US Boxed Warnings: high potential for abuse |
| dextroamphetamine and amphetamine (PO) | Adderall, Adderall XR | CNS stimulant | ADHD, narcolepsy | Key Side Effects: insomnia, headache, anxiety, weight loss, decreased appetite, hypertension US Boxed Warnings: high potential for abuse |
| lisdexamfetamine (PO) | Vyvanse | CNS stimulant | ADHD | Key Side Effects: insomnia, headache, anxiety, weight loss, decreased appetite, hypertension US Boxed Warnings: high potential for abuse |
| methylphenidate (PO) | Concerta, Metadate, Ritalin | CNS stimulant | ADHD, narcolepsy | Key Side Effects: insomnia, headache, anxiety, weight loss, decreased appetite, hypertension US Boxed Warnings: high potential for abuse |
| guanfacine (PO) | Intuniv | Selective alpha2a agonist | ADHD, HTN | Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension, sedation, skin rash |
| pramipexole (PO) | Mirapex | Dopamine agonist | Parkinson's disease, RLS | Key Side Effects: nausea, hallucinations, dizziness, drowsiness, compulsive behaviors |
| ropinirole (PO) | Requip | Dopamine agonist | Parkinson's disease, RLS | Key Side Effects: nausea, hallucinations, dizziness, drowsiness, compulsive behaviors |
| carbidopa and levodopa (PO) | Sinemet, Sinemet CR | Decarboxylase inhibitor (carbidopa), dopamine precursor (levodopa) | Parkinson's disease | Key Side Effects: nausea, orthostatic hypotension, dyskinesias Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI, CI in narrow-angle glaucoma |
| memantine (PO) | Namenda | N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist | Dementia | Key Side Effects: constipation, confusion, dizziness, headache |
| donepezil (PO) | Aricept | Cholinesterase inhibitor | Dementia | Key Side Effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea |
| penicillin V potassium (PO), penicillin G potassium (IV) | Beta-lactam antibiotic (natural penicillin) | Pharyngitis, SSTI, syphilis (IV/IM) Activity against: Streptococcus pyogenes,Treponema pallidum (syphilis) | Key Side Effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions | |
| amoxicillin (PO) | Beta-lactam antibiotic(aminopenicillin) | Otitis media, pharyngitis Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes | Key Side Effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions | |
| ampicillin (PO, IV) | Beta-lactam antibiotic (aminopenicillin) | Intrapartum group B Streptococcus prophylaxis Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Listeria monocytogenes | Key Side Effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions | |
| amoxicillin and clavulanate (PO) | Augmentin, Augmentin XR | Beta-lactam antibiotic and beta-lactamase inhibitor | Otitis media, bacterial sinusitis Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae | Key Side Effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions Other Notes: various ratios of amoxicillin and clavulanate available |
| ampicillin and sulbactam (IV) | Unasyn | Beta-lactam antibiotic and beta-lactamase inhibitor | DFI, IAI Activity against: MSSA, Bacteroides species | Key Side Effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions |
| piperacillin and tazobactam (IV) | Zosyn | Beta-lactam antibiotic and beta-lactamase inhibitor | HAP, DFI, IAI Activity against: Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Key Side Effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions |
| oxacillin (IV) | Beta-lactam antibiotic | CRBSI, endocarditis, SSTI Activity against: MSSA, Streptococcus pyogenes | Key Side Effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions, elevated hepatic transaminases | |
| cephalexin (PO) | Keflex | Beta-lactam antibiotic (first generation cephalosporin) | SSTI Activity against: MSSA, Streptococcus pyogenes | Key Side Effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions |
| cefazolin (IV) | Ancef | Beta-lactam antibiotic (first generation cephalosporin) | Antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery, CRBSI, SSTI Activity against: MSSA, Streptococcus pyogenes | Key Side Effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions |
| cefuroxime (IV, PO) | IV: Zinacef, PO: Ceftin | Beta-lactam antibiotic (second generation cephalosporin) | Bacterial sinusitis Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae | Key Side Effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions |
| cefdinir (PO) | Omnicef | Beta-lactam antibiotic (third generation cephalosporin) | Otitis media, bacterial sinusitis Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae | Key Side Effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions |
| ceftriaxone (IV, IM) | Rocephin | Beta-lactam antibiotic (third generation cephalosporin) | Meningitis, CAP, pyelonephritis Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli | Key Side Effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions |
| cefepime (IV) | Maxipime | Beta-lactam antibiotic (fourth generation cephalosporin) | Meningitis, VAP, HAP, pyelonephritis Activity against: Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Key Side Effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions, seizures or encephalopathy with excessive doses |
| terbinafine (PO, topical *) | Lamisil | Allylamine antifungal | Onychomycosis | Key Side Effects: nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, elevated hepatic transaminases, headache |
| acyclovir (PO, IV) | Zovirax | Antiviral | Herpes simplex virus | Key Side Effects: nausea, increased hepatic transaminases, crystalluria Other Notes: vesicant |
| valacyclovir (PO) | Valtrex | Antiviral | Herpes simplex virus | Key Side Effects: nausea, increased hepatic transaminases |
| fluconazole (PO, IV) | Diflucan | Azole antifungal | Vulvovaginal candidiasis, oropharyngeal candidiasis | Key Side Effects: nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, QTc prolongation, elevated hepatic transaminases |
| ketoconazole (PO, topical *) | Nizoral | Azole antifungal | Fungal infections | SE: nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, QTc prolongation, increased hepatic transaminases BB: hepatotoxicity; may cause QTc prolongation and drug interactions leading to QTc prolongation |
| oseltamivir (PO) | Tamiflu | Neuraminidase inhibitor antiviral | Influenza | Key Side Effects: nausea, vomiting, neuropsychiatric events (i.e., confusion, delirium, hallucinations) in pediatric patients (rare) |
| nystatin (PO) | --- | Polyene antifungal | Oropharyngeal candidiasis | Key Side Effects: no major side effects |
| nystatin (topical) | Nystop | Polyene antifungal | Cutaneous and mucocutaneous fungal infections | Key Side Effects: burning, itching Other Notes: only use oral solutions for thrush |
| micafungin (IV) | Mycamine | Echinocandin antifungal | Invasive candidiasis | Key Side Effects: no major side effects |
| betamethasone and clotrimazole (topical) | Lotrisone | Glucocorticoid and azole antifungal | Cutaneous fungal infections | Key Side Effects: burning, itching, dryness, skin atrophy Other Notes: do not use for diaper dermatitis; adrenal suppression with long-term use over large areas of skin |
| pseudoephedrine (PO) * | Sudafed | Alpha (α1) agonist | Nasal congestion | Key Side Effects: Increased blood pressure, tachycardia, insomnia, restlessness Other notes: Sold behind the counter |
| fluticasone (intranasal) * | Flonase | Corticosteroid | Allergic rhinitis | Key Side Effects: nasal dryness, epistaxis, nasal burning, headache |
| triamcinolone (intranasal) * | Nasacort | Corticosteroid | Allergic rhinitis | Key Side Effects: nasal dryness, epistaxis, nasal burning, headache |
| azelastine (intranasal) * | Astepro | Histamine (H1) blocker | Allergic rhinitis | Key Side Effects: headache, nasal dryness, epistaxis, bitter taste |
| diphenhydramine (PO *, IV) | Benadryl | Histamine (H1) blocker | Allergic rhinitis, allergic reaction, insomnia | Key Side Effects: drowsiness, constipation, xerostomia, urinary retention |
| hydroxyzine (PO, IV) | Atarax, Vistaril | Histamine (H1) blocker | Pruritis, nausea, anxiety | Key Side Effects: dizziness, somnolence, xerostomia, blurred vision, QTc prolongation |
| cetirizine | Zyrtec | Histamine (H1) blocker | Allergic rhinitis | Key Side Effects: drowsiness, dizziness, headache |
| loratadine (PO) * | Claritin | Histamine (H1) blocker | Allergic rhinitis | Key Side Effects: drowsiness, dizziness, headache |
| fexofenadine (PO) * | Allegra | Histamine (H1) blocker | Allergic rhinitis | Key Side Effects: drowsiness, dizziness, headache |
| olopatadine (ophthalmic) * | Pataday, Patanol | Histamine (H1) blocker | Allergic conjunctivitis | Key Side Effects: ocular burning, discomfort, dryness |
| promethazine and codeine (PO) | Phenergan with Codeine | Histamine (H1) blocker and opioid analgesic | Cough, cold | Side Effects: dizziness, somnolence, xerostomia, blurred vision, constipation, resp depression (dose-related) Boxed Warning: concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines/other CNS depressants (alcohol), may result in profound sedation, resp depressio |
| codeine and guaifenesin (PO) | Robitussin AC, Cheratussin AC | Opioid analgesic and expectorant | Cough, cold | Key Side Effects: dizziness, somnolence, constipation, respiratory depression (dose-related) Other Notes: opioid-containing cough and cold products no longer indicated for use in patients <18 years of age |
| dextromethorphan (PO) * | Delsym | Antitussive | Cough | Key Side Effects: nausea, drowsiness, dizziness, constipation |
| benzonatate (PO) | Tessalon Perles | Antitussive | Cough | Key Side Effects: sedation, nasal congestion, chills, chest numbness, bronchospasm Other Notes: do not break capsule because it may cause choking |
| benazepril (PO) | Lotensin | Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor | HTN, HF, CAD | Key Side Effects: cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy) |
| enalapril (PO) | Vasotec | Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor | HTN, HF, CAD | Key Side Effects: cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy) |
| lisinopril (PO) | Prinivil, Zestril | Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor | HTN, HF, CAD | Key Side Effects: cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy) |
| quinapril (PO) | Accupril | Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor | HTN, HF, CAD | Key Side Effects: cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy) |
| ramipril (PO) | Altace | Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor | HTN, HF, CAD | Key Side Effects: cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy) |
| irbesartan (PO) | Avapro | Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) | HTN, HF, CAD | Key Side Effects: hyperkalemia, angioedema US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy) |
| losartan (PO) | Cozaar | Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) | HTN, HF, CAD | Key Side Effects: hyperkalemia, angioedema US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy) |
| olmesartan (PO) | Benicar | Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) | HTN, HF, CAD | Key Side Effects: hyperkalemia, angioedema US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy) |
| valsartan (PO) | Diovan | Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) | HTN, HF, CAD | Key Side Effects: hyperkalemia, angioedema US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy) |
| valsartan and sacubitril (PO) | Entresto | ARB and neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) | HF | Key Side Effects: hyperkalemia, angioedema US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy) |
| amlodipine (PO) | Norvasc | Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB) | HTN, CAD | Key Side Effects: peripheral edema |
| nifedipine (PO) | Procardia XL, Nifedical XL, Adalat CC | Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB) | HTN, CAD | Key Side Effects: peripheral edema |
| nicardipine (PO, IV) | Cardene | Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB) | Hypertensive crisis | Key Side Effects: flushing, headache, peripheral edema, hypotension |
| diltiazem (PO, IV) | Cartia XT, Cardizem CD, Cardizem LA, Cardizem | Non-dihydropyridine CCB | AF (rate control), HTN, CAD | Key Side Effects: bradycardia, constipation |
| verapamil (PO) | Calan, Calan SR, Verelan | Non-dihydropyridine CCB | AF (rate control), HTN, CAD | Key Side Effects: bradycardia, constipation |
| hydrochlorothiazide (PO) | Microzide | Thiazide diuretic | HTN | Key Side Effects: hypokalemia, hyponatremia |
| chlorthalidone (PO) | Thalitone | Thiazide-related diuretic | HTN | Key Side Effects: hypokalemia, hyponatremia |
| metolazone (PO) | Zaroxolyn | Thiazide-related diuretic | Volume overload | Key Side Effects: hypokalemia, hyponatremia |
| amlodipine and benazepril (PO) | Lotrel | See individual drug components. | See individual drug components. | See individual drug components. |
| lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide (PO) | Prinzide | See individual drug components. | See individual drug components. | See individual drug components. |
| losartan and hydrochlorothiazide (PO) | Hyzaar | See individual drug components. | See individual drug components. | See individual drug components. |
| olmesartan and hydrochlorothiazide (PO) | Benicar-HCT | See individual drug components. | See individual drug components. | See individual drug components. |
| triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide (PO) | Dyazide, Maxzide | See individual drug components. | See individual drug components. | See individual drug components. |
| valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide (PO) | Diovan-HCT | See individual drug components. | See individual drug components. | See individual drug components. |
| spironolactone (PO) | Aldactone | Potassium-sparing diuretic | HTN, HF, ascites | gynecomastia, hyperkalemia |
| bumetanide (PO, IV) | Bumex | Loop diuretic | Volume overload | hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia US Boxed Warnings: fluid and electrolyte loss |
| furosemide (PO, IV) | Lasix | Loop diuretic | Volume overload | hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia US Boxed Warnings: fluid and electrolyte loss |
| torsemide (PO) | Demadex | Loop diuretic | Volume overload | hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia US Boxed Warnings: fluid and electrolyte loss |
| atenolol (PO) | Tenormin | Beta1-selective beta-blocker | AF (rate control), CAD, HTN | bradycardia US Boxed Warnings: avoid abrupt discontinuation Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia |
| metoprolol tartrate (PO, IV) | Lopressor | Beta1-selective beta-blocker | AF (rate control), CAD, HTN | bradycardia US Boxed Warnings: avoid abrupt discontinuation Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia |
| metoprolol succinate (PO) | Toprol-XL | Beta1-selective beta-blocker | HF, AF (rate control), CAD, HTN | bradycardia Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia |
| nebivolol (PO) | Bystolic | Beta1-selective beta-blocker | HTN | bradycardia Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia |
| carvedilol (PO) | Coreg, Coreg CR | Non-selective beta-blocker | HF, AF (rate control), CAD, HTN | bradycardia Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia |
| labetalol (PO, IV) | Trandate | Non-selective beta-blocker | PO: HTN, IV: hypertensive crisis | bradycardia Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia |
| propranolol (PO) | Inderal LA, Inderal XL | Non-selective beta-blocker | HTN, CAD, Migraine prophylaxis | bradycardia US Boxed Warnings: avoid abrupt discontinuation Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia |
| clonidine (PO, transdermal) | PO: Catapres, Transdermal: Catapres-TTS | Alpha2 agonist | HTN, ADHD | xerostomia, drowsiness US Boxed Warnings: avoid epidural use Other Notes: do not discontinue abruptly; taper to reduce rebound HTN |
| hydralazine (PO, IV) | Apresoline | Direct arterial vasodilator | HTN | orthostatic hypotension, drug-induced lupus-like syndrome |
| epinephrine (IV, IM, SQ) | Adrenalin | Beta1, beta2, and alpha1 agonist | Advanced cardiac life support, shock, anaphylaxis, bradycardia | tachyarrhythmias, peripheral ischemia, lactic acidosis |
| norepinephrine (IV) | Levophed | Alpha1 agonist (predominantly), beta1 and beta2 agonist | Shock | tachyarrhythmias, peripheral ischemia US Boxed Warning: extravasation (central line administration preferred) |
| fentanyl (transdermal, IV) | Transdermal: Duragesic, IV: Sublimaze | Opioid analgesic | Pain | Key Side Effects: dizzi, drowsi, itch, nausea, emesis, constip, resp depr B.B.W: opioid addict, abuse & misuse, fatal resp. depr, accidental ing. can cause OD, wthdrwl, use with CNS depressants/benzodiazepines can lead to sedation, resp depr, coma, death |
| hydromorphone (PO, IV) | Dilaudid | Opioid analgesic | Pain | Key Side Effects: dizzi, drowsi, itch, nausea, emesis, constip, resp depr B.B.W: opioid addict, abuse & misuse, fatal resp. depr, accidental ing. can cause OD, wthdrwl, use with CNS depressants/benzodiazepines can lead to sedation, resp depr, coma, death |
| morphine (extended release) (PO) | MS Contin, Kadian | Opioid analgesic | Pain | Key Side Effects: dizzi, drowsi, itch, nausea, emesis, constip, resp depr B.B.W: opioid addict, abuse & misuse, fatal resp. depr, accidental ing. can cause OD, wthdrwl, use with CNS depressants/benzodiazepines can lead to sedation, resp depr, coma, death |
| morphine (immediate release) (PO, IV, IM, PR) | IV: Duramorph | Opioid analgesic | Pain | Key Side Effects: dizzi, drowsi, itch, nausea, emesis, constip, resp depr B.B.W: opioid addict, abuse & misuse, fatal resp. depr, accidental ing. can cause OD, wthdrwl, use with CNS depressants/benzodiazepines can lead to sedation, resp depr, coma, death |
| oxycodone (PO) | Oxycontin, Roxicodone | Opioid analgesic | Pain | Key Side Effects: dizzi, drowsi, itch, nausea, emesis, constip, resp depr B.B.W: opioid addict, abuse & misuse, fatal resp. depr, accidental ing. can cause OD, wthdrwl, use with CNS depressants/benzodiazepines can lead to sedation, resp depr, coma, death |
| methadone (PO, IV) | Dolophine | Opioid analgesic | Opioid use disorder, severe chronic pain | Key Side Effects: dizzi, drowsi, nausea, emesis, constip, resp depr, QTc prolong US Boxed Warnings (all opioid analgesics): See above US Boxed Warn. (only methadone): QTc interval prolong and serious arrhythmia (Torsades de Pointes) during treatment |
| acetaminophen (PO, PR, IV) * | PO/PR: Tylenol, IV: Ofirmev | Analgesic (non-opioid), antipyretic | Pain, fever | Key Side Effects: nausea, vomiting, increased hepatic transaminases US Boxed Warnings: total daily dose from all sources should not exceed maximum daily limit; hepatotoxicity |
| tramadol (PO) | Ultram, Ultram ER | Central analgesic; partial opioid agonist | Pain | Key Side Effects: dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, respiratory depression (dose-related) US Boxed Warnings: serious or fatal respiratory depression may occur Other Notes: lowers seizure threshold |
| hydrocodone and acetaminophen (PO) | Lortab, Vicodin, Norco | Opioid and nonopioid analgesic combination | Pain | Key Side Effects: dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, respiratory depression (dose-related) US Boxed Warnings (all opioid analgesics): See above |
| oxycodone and acetaminophen (PO) | Percocet, Endocet, Roxicet | Opioid and nonopioid analgesic combination | Pain | Key Side Effects: dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, respiratory depression (dose-related) US Boxed Warnings (all opioid analgesics): See above |
| codeine and acetaminophen (PO) | Tylenol with Codeine 3, Tylenol with Codeine 4 | Opioid and nonopioid analgesic combination | Pain | Key Side Effects: dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, respiratory depression (dose-related) US Boxed Warnings (all opioid analgesics): See above |
| naloxone (IV, IM, SQ, intranasal) | Narcan | Opioid antagonist | Opioid overdose | Key SE: headac, opioid withdr syndr in opioid- depend pop, pain, diaphoresis Other Notes: potential lethal resp depr (comb w/ CNS & resp depr); add of naloxone to buprenorphine reduces possi of parenteral misuse by produc opioid withdr sympt when inj |
| buprenorphine and naloxone (SL) | Suboxone | Partial opioid agonist and opioid antagonist | Opioid use disorder | Key SE: headac, opioid withdr syndr in opioid- depend pop, pain, diaphoresis Other Notes: potential lethal resp depr (comb w/ CNS & resp depr); add of naloxone to buprenorphine reduces possi of parenteral misuse by produc opioid withdr sympt when inj |
| methotrexate (PO) | Trexall | Antimetabolite (folic acid antagonist) | Rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s Disease, psoriasis, various hematologic and solid tumors | Key SE: stomatitis, diarrhea, nausea, emesis, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, increased hepatic transaminases, pulmonary fibrosis (rare) Other Notes: folic acid supplement may be taken during use to reduce hematologic, GI, and hepatic SE USBW: very toxic |
| anastrozole (PO) | Arimidex | Aromatase inhibitor | Hormone receptor-positive breast cancer | Key Side Effects: fatigue, rash, flushing, hot flashes, arthralgia, nausea, vomiting, hypertension, peripheral edema, osteoporosis Other Notes: cardiovascular side effects (i.e., hypercholesterolemia, CAD); fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy) |
| phentermine (PO) | Adipex-P | CNS stimulant | Obesity | Key SE: hypertension, nausea, dizziness, xerostomia, primary pulmonary hypertension (rare) Other: only approved for short-term use; CI in those with a history of CV disease or drug abuse, pregnancy, hyperthyroidism, or within 14 day of MAOI inhib therapy |
| ferrous sulfate (PO) * | FeroSul, SlowFe | Iron supplement | Iron deficiency anemia | Boxed Warning: Accidental overdose of iron is leading cause of fatal poisoning in children under 6 years old Key Side Effects: nausea, stomach upset, constipation (dose-related), dark and tarry stools |
| cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) (PO, IM, SL, intranasal) * | --- | Water-soluble vitamin | Vitamin B12 deficiency (manifests as macrocytic anemia) | Key Side Effects: no major side effects |
| folic acid (PO) * | --- | Water-soluble vitamin | Folic acid deficiency (manifests as macrocytic anemia), prevention of neural tube defects in pregnancy | Key Side Effects: no major side effects |
| clindamycin (PO, IV) | Cleocin | Lincosamide antibiotic | SSTI, pharyngitis Activity against: MRSA | Key Side Effects: C. diff diarrhea US Boxed Warnings: Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with use of nearly all antibacterial agents, from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis |
| sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (PO, IV) | Bactrim, Bactrim DS | Sulfonamide antibiotic | SSTI Activity against: MRSA | Key Side Effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, skin rashes (rarely SJS or TEN), hyperkalemia, increased serum creatinine, hypersensitivity rxn Other Notes: fixed ratio (5:1) of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim; dosing based on trimethoprim component |
| nitrofurantoin (PO) | Macrobid | Urinary antibiotic | Cystitis Activity against: Escherichia coli | Key Side Effects: nausea, pulmonary fibrosis (chronic use) |
| gentamicin (IV) | --- | Aminoglycoside antibiotic | HAP, pyelonephritis, neonatal sepsis Activity against: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli | Key Side Effects: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity |
| vancomycin (IV, PO) | Vancocin | Glycopeptide antibiotic | IV: SSTI, HAP, meningitis, endocarditis, CRBSI PO: CDI Activity against: MRSA, Clostridioides difficile | Key Side Effects: nephrotoxicity, vancomycin infusion reaction |
| metronidazole (PO, IV) | Flagyl | Antibiotic | Anaerobic infections, CDI Activity against: Bacteroides species, Clostridioides difficile | Key Side Effects: nausea, metallic taste, alcohol intolerance, peripheral neuropathy (long-term use) |
| mupirocin (topical) | Bactroban | Antibiotic | MRSA decolonization | Key Side Effects: no major side effects |
| amiodarone (PO, IV) | Pacerone, Nexterone | Antiarrhythmic | AF (rhythm control), ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia | hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, pulmonary toxicity, hepatotoxicity US Boxed Warnings: life-threatening arrhythmias, pulmonary toxicity, hepatotoxicity Other Notes: many drug interactions |
| digoxin (PO, IV) | Digitek, Digox, Lanoxin | Cardiac glycoside | AF (rate control), HF | nausea, vomiting, visual changes Other Notes: narrow ti drug (toxicity may occur at conc close to therapeutic range; therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended); signs of toxicity include nausea, vomiting and visual changes; many drug interaction |
| ezetimibe (PO) | Zetia | Cholesterol absorption inhibitor | Dyslipidemia | diarrhea |
| fenofibrate (PO) | Tricor, Trilipix | Fibric acid derivative | Dyslipidemia | dyspepsia, myopathy/rhabdomyolysis, elevated hepatic transaminases |
| gemfibrozil (PO) | Lopid | Fibric acid derivative | Dyslipidemia | dyspepsia, myopathy/rhabdomyolysis, elevated hepatic transaminases |
| atorvastatin (PO) | Lipitor | HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor | Dyslipidemia, CAD, stroke | myopathy/rhabdomyolysis Other Notes: avoid excessive grapefruit juice intake, avoid in pregnancy and breastfeeding |
| lovastatin (PO) | Mevacor | HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor | Dyslipidemia, CAD, stroke | myopathy/rhabdomyolysis Other Notes: avoid excessive grapefruit juice intake, avoid in pregnancy and breastfeeding |
| pravastatin (PO) | Pravachol | HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor | Dyslipidemia, CAD, stroke | myopathy/rhabdomyolysis Other Notes: avoid excessive grapefruit juice intake, avoid in pregnancy and breastfeeding |
| rosuvastatin (PO) | Crestor | HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor | Dyslipidemia, CAD, stroke | myopathy/rhabdomyolysis Other Notes: avoid excessive grapefruit juice intake, avoid in pregnancy and breastfeeding |
| simvastatin (PO) | Zocor | HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor | Dyslipidemia, CAD, stroke | myopathy/rhabdomyolysis Other Notes: avoid excessive grapefruit juice intake, avoid in pregnancy and breastfeeding |
| omega-3 fatty acids (PO) * | Lovaza Vascepa | Omega-3 fatty acids | Dyslipidemia | diarrhea, nausea, dysgeusia, eructation |
| niacin (extended release) (PO) * | Niaspan | Water-soluble vitamin | Dyslipidemia | flushing, pruritus |
| tizanidine (PO) | Zanaflex | Alpha2 agonist | Spasticity | Key Side Effects: drowsiness, hypotension, dizziness, xerostomia, weakness |
| hydroxychloroquine (PO) | Plaquenil | Aminoquinolone | RA, SLE, malaria | Key Side Effects: retinal toxicity, rash, diarrhea Other Notes: use has been associated with cardiomyopathy, bone marrow suppression, and neuromuscular effects (i.e., myopathy, palsies, and progressive weakness) |
| colchicine (PO) | Colcrys | Antigout agent | Gout | Key Side Effects: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, bone marrow suppression, myopathy (including rhabdomyolysis) |
| diclofenac (PO) | Voltaren | NSAID | OA, RA, acute pain | SE: diarrhea, dyspepsia, abd pain, flatul., nausea BB: risk of CV thrombotic events, MI, & stroke; increase risk for GI events (ulceration, blding, and perf.) Othr: reduce renal bld flow & renal function (CI in pts w/ renal disease, HF, & cirrhosis) |
| ibuprofen (PO) | Motrin, Advil | NSAID | OA, RA, acute pain | SE: diarrhea, dyspepsia, abd pain, flatul., nausea BB: risk of CV thrombotic events, MI, & stroke; increase risk for GI events (ulceration, blding, and perf.) Othr: reduce renal bld flow & renal function (CI in pts w/ renal disease, HF, & cirrhosis) |
| meloxicam (PO) | Mobic | NSAID | OA, RA, acute pain | SE: diarrhea, dyspepsia, abd pain, flatul., nausea BB: risk of CV thrombotic events, MI, & stroke; increase risk for GI events (ulceration, blding, and perf.) Othr: reduce renal bld flow & renal function (CI in pts w/ renal disease, HF, & cirrhosis) |
| indomethacin (PO) | Indocin | NSAID | OA, RA, acute pain, gout | SE: diarrhea, dyspepsia, abd pain, flatul., nausea BB: risk of CV thrombotic events, MI, & stroke; increase risk for GI events (ulceration, blding, and perf.) Othr: reduce renal bld flow & renal function (CI in pts w/ renal disease, HF, & cirrhosis) |
| naproxen (PO) | Naprosyn, Anaprox, Aleve | NSAID | OA, RA, acute pain, gout | SE: diarrhea, dyspepsia, abd pain, flatul., nausea BB: risk of CV thrombotic events, MI, & stroke; increase risk for GI events (ulceration, blding, and perf.) Othr: reduce renal bld flow & renal function (CI in pts w/ renal disease, HF, & cirrhosis) |
| ketorolac (PO, IV) | Toradol | NSAID | Pain | SE: diarrhea, dyspepsia, abd pain, flatul., nausea BB: risk of CV thrombotic events, MI, & stroke; ↑ risk for GI events (ulceration, blding, and perf.) Othr: ↓ renal bld flow & renal function (CI in pts w/ renal dx, HF, & cirrhosis); short term use |
| celecoxib (PO) | Celebrex | NSAID, COX-2 selective | OA, RA, acute pain | SE: diarrhea, dyspepsia, abd pain, flatul., nausea BB: risk of CV thrombotic events, MI, & stroke; increase risk for GI events (ulceration, blding, and perf.) Othr: reduce renal bld flow & renal function (CI in pts w/ renal disease, HF, & cirrhosis) |
| diclofenac (topical) | Voltaren Gel | NSAID | OA | Key Side Effects: pruritus, rash |
| cyclobenzaprine (PO) | Flexeril | Skeletal muscle relaxant | Muscle spasm | Key Side Effects: drowsiness, dizziness, xerostomia, fatigue Other Notes: use may cause prolonged cardiac arrhythmias, and tachycardia; CI within 14 days of MAOI inhibitor therapy |
| baclofen (PO) | --- | Skeletal muscle relaxant | Spasticity | Key Side Effects: drowsiness |
| carisoprodol (PO) | Soma | Skeletal muscle relaxant | Muscle spasm | Key Side Effects: drowsiness Other Notes: drug abuse potential (carisoprodol only) |
| methocarbamol (PO) | Robaxin | Skeletal muscle relaxant | Muscle spasm | Key Side Effects: drowsiness |
| metaxalone (PO) | Skelaxin | Skeletal muscle relaxant | Muscle spasm | Key Side Effects: drowsiness |
| lidocaine (transdermal *, IV) | Transdermal: Lidoderm, IV: Xylocaine | Transdermal: topical analgesic IV: antiarrhythmic | Transdermal: pain, IV: ventricular arrhythmias | Key Side Effects (transdermal): dermatitis, erythema, urticaria, skin depigmentation, skin edema Key Side Effects (IV): bradycardia Other Notes: patch may remain in place for up to 12 hours in any 24-hour period, patch may be cut |
| allopurinol (PO) | Zyloprim | Xanthine oxidase Inhibitor | Gout | Key Side Effects: diarrhea, nausea, rash, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia Other Notes: rare association with severe (and potentially fatal) allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome (risk highest in certain Asian populations) |
| succinylcholine (IV) | Anectine | Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent | Neuromuscular blockade for intubation or procedures | Key Side Effects: hyperkalemia, myalgia, malignant hyperthermia (rare) US Boxed Warning: acute rhabdomyolysis and hyperkalemia leading to cardiac arrest and death in pediatric patients with undiagnosed skeletal muscle disease |
| carbamazepine (PO) | Tegretol | Anticonvulsant | Seizure disorders, bipolar disorder | SE: dizziness, drowsiness, headache, ataxia, nausea, vomiting, hyponatremia BB: risk of serious dermatologic reactions (including SJS and TEN) in patients with certain genetic predisposition; may cause aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis |
| lamotrigine (PO) | Lamictal | Anticonvulsant | Seizure disorders, bipolar disorder | Key Side Effects: nausea, vomiting, somnolence, skin rash US Boxed Warnings: risk of serious dermatologic reactions, including SJS |
| divalproex (valproic acid derivative) (PO) | Depakote, Depakote ER, Depakene | Anticonvulsant | Seizure disorders, bipolar disorder, migraine prophylaxis | Key Side Effects: drowsiness, weight gain, tremor, hair loss, thrombocytopenia US Boxed Warnings: may cause fatal hepatic failure; may cause life-threatening pancreatitis; fetal toxicity |
| topiramate (PO) | Topamax | Anticonvulsant | Seizure disorders, migraine prophylaxis | Key Side Effects: somnolence, dizziness, diplopia, ataxia, memory impairment, weight loss |
| levetiracetam (PO, IV) | Keppra | Anticonvulsant | Seizure disorders | Key Side Effects: somnolence, dizziness, diplopia, nausea, vomiting, ataxia, weakness |
| oxcarbazepine (PO) | Trileptal | Anticonvulsant | Seizure disorders | Key Side Effects: somnolence, dizziness, diplopia, nausea, vomiting, ataxia, weakness, hyponatremia |
| phenobarbital (PO, IM, IV) | --- | Anticonvulsant | Seizure disorders | Key Side Effects: somnolence, dizziness, risk of SJS |
| phenytoin (PO, IV) | Dilantin | Anticonvulsant | Seizure disorders | Key Side Effects: somnolence, dizziness, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, risk of SJS US Boxed Warning: cardiovascular risk with rapid infusion Other Notes: narrow therapeutic index drug |
| gabapentin (PO) | Neurontin | Anticonvulsant | Seizure disorders, neuropathic pain | Key Side Effects: somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, fatigue, diplopia, xerostomia, blurry vision |
| pregabalin (PO) | Lyrica | Anticonvulsant | Seizure disorders, neuropathic pain | Key Side Effects: somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, fatigue, diplopia, xerostomia, blurry vision |
| buspirone (PO) | Buspar | Antianxiety agent | Anxiety | Key Side Effects: dizziness, drowsiness, nausea |
| alprazolam (PO) | Xanax | Benzodiazepine | Anxiety | SE: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal BB: profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma & death w/ opioids; abuse, misuse, and addiction; risk of dependence and withdrawal reactions |
| clonazepam (PO) | Klonopin | Benzodiazepine | Anxiety, seizure disorders | SE: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal BB: profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma & death w/ opioids; abuse, misuse, and addiction; risk of dependence and withdrawal reactions |
| diazepam (PO, IV) | Valium | Benzodiazepine | Anxiety, seizure disorders, acute alcohol withdrawal | SE: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal BB: profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma & death w/ opioids; abuse, misuse, and addiction; risk of dependence and withdrawal reactions |
| lorazepam (PO, IV) | Ativan | Benzodiazepine | Anxiety, seizure disorders, acute alcohol withdrawal | SE: daytime sedation, ED, tolerance, depend., amnesia, withdrawal BB: sedation, resp. depression, coma & death w/ opioids; abuse, misuse, & addiction;dependence and withdrawal Othr (IV): contains prop. glycol, toxicity if used ≥ 48 hours |
| midazolam (IV, IM) | Versed | Benzodiazepine | Anesthesia, sedation | SE: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal BB: profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma & death w/ opioids; abuse, misuse, and addiction; risk of dependence and withdrawal reactions |
| temazepam (PO) | Restoril | Benzodiazepine | Anxiety, insomnia | SE: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal BB: profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma & death w/ opioids; abuse, misuse, and addiction; risk of dependence and withdrawal reactions |
| eszopiclone (PO) | Lunesta | Hypnotic | Insomnia | SE: decreased ability to function the next morning, somnolence, headache, dizziness, xerostomia, dysgeusia BB: serious injuries, including death, have occurred because of complex sleep behaviors; CI in patients with history of complex sleep behaviors |
| zolpidem (PO) | PO: Ambien, Ambien CR, SL: Intermezzo | Hypnotic | Insomnia | Key Side Effects: decreased ability to function the next morning, somnolence, headache, dizziness, xerostomia, amnesia BB: serious injuries, including death, have occurred because of complex sleep behaviors; CI in Pts with hx of complex sleep behaviors |
| propofol (IV) | Diprivan | Sedative, anticonvulsant | Sedation for mechanical ventilation, procedural anesthesia, status epilepticus | Key Side Effects: hypotension, hypertriglyceridemia, propofol- related infusion syndrome (rare) |
| dexmedetomidine (IV) | Precedex | Alpha2 agonist, sedative | Sedation for mechanical ventilation or procedures | Key Side Effects: hypotension, hypertriglyceridemia, propofol- related infusion syndrome (rare) |
| metformin (PO) | Glucophage, Glucophage XR | Biguanide | Type 2 DM, PCOS | Key Side Effects: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting US Boxed Warnings: lactic acidosis |
| sitagliptin (PO) | Januvia | Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-4) inhibitor | Type 2 DM | Key Side Effects: headache, nasopharyngitis |
| empagliflozin (PO) | Jardiance | Sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitor 2 (SGLT2 inhibitor) | Type 2 DM, HF | Key Side Effects: UTI |
| glimepiride (PO) | Amaryl | Sulfonylurea | Type 2 DM | Key Side Effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain |
| glipizide (PO) | Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL | Sulfonylurea | Type 2 DM | Key Side Effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain |
| glyburide (PO) | Glynase | Sulfonylurea | Type 2 DM | Key Side Effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain |
| pioglitazone (PO) | Actos | Thiazolidinedione (TZD) | Type 2 DM | Key Side Effects: edema, weight gain, upper respiratory tract infection US Boxed Warnings: may exacerbate congestive heart failure and CI in NYHA Class III and IV |
| liraglutide (SQ) | Victoza, Saxenda | Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist | Type 2 DM, chronic weight management | Key Side Effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation US Boxed Warnings: may increase risk of thyroid c-cell tumor |
| insulin detemir (SQ) | Levemir | Insulin, long acting | Type 1 DM, type 2 DM | Key Side Effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain |
| insulin glargine (SQ) | Lantus, Toujeo, Basaglar | Insulin, long acting | Type 1 DM, type 2 DM | Key Side Effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain |
| insulin NPH (SQ) | Humulin N, Novolin N | Insulin, intermediate acting | Type 1 DM, type 2 DM | Key Side Effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain |
| insulin aspart (SQ) | Novolog | Insulin, rapid acting | Type 1 DM, type 2 DM | Key Side Effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain |
| insulin lispro (SQ) | Humalog | Insulin, rapid acting | Type 1 DM, type 2 DM | Key Side Effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain |
| insulin regular (SQ, IV) | Humulin R, Novolin R | Insulin, short-acting | Type 1 DM, type 2 DM, DKA | Key Side Effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain |
| levothyroxine (PO, IV) | Synthroid, Levoxyl | Thyroid product | Hypothyroidism | SE: weight loss, palpitations, diarrhea, insomnia, heat intolerance BB: not intended for use for weight loss Other Notes: narrow therapeutic index drug (therapeutic monitoring is recommended); not all generic products are therapeutically equivalent |
| thyroid, dessicated (PO) | Armour Thyroid | Thyroid product | Hypothyroidism | SE: weight loss, palpitations, diarrhea, insomnia, heat intolerance BB: not intended for use for weight loss Other Notes: narrow therapeutic index drug (therapeutic monitoring is recommended); not all generic products are therapeutically equivalent |
| sitagliptin and metformin (PO) | Janumet, Janumet XR | See individual drug components. | See individual drug components. | See individual drug components. |
| famotidine (PO, IV) * | Pepcid | Histamine (H2) blocker | GERD, erosive esophagitis, SUP | Key Side Effects: headache, constipation, diarrhea, mental status changes |
| dexlansoprazole (PO) | Dexilant | Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) | GERD, PUD, erosive esophagitis, SUP | Key Side Effects: abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, bone fracture, vitamin B12 deficiency, hypomagnesemia US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of Clostridioides difficile infection |
| esomeprazole (PO, IV) * | Nexium | Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) | GERD, PUD, erosive esophagitis, SUP | Key Side Effects: abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, bone fracture, vitamin B12 deficiency, hypomagnesemia US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of Clostridioides difficile infection |
| lansoprazole (PO) * | Prevacid | Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) | GERD, PUD, erosive esophagitis, SUP | Key Side Effects: abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, bone fracture, vitamin B12 deficiency, hypomagnesemia US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of Clostridioides difficile infection |
| omeprazole (PO) * | Prilosec | Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) | GERD, PUD, erosive esophagitis, SUP | Key Side Effects: abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, bone fracture, vitamin B12 deficiency, hypomagnesemia US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of Clostridioides difficile infection |
| pantoprazole (PO, IV) | Protonix | Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) | GERD, PUD, erosive esophagitis, SUP | Key Side Effects: abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, bone fracture, vitamin B12 deficiency, hypomagnesemia US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of Clostridioides difficile infection |
| sucralfate (PO) | Carafate | Gastrointestinal protectant | PUD | Key Side Effects: constipation, bezoar formation |
| dutasteride (PO) | Avodart | 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor | BPH | Key Side Effects: sexual dysfunction Other Notes: women who are of child-bearing age should not touch |
| finasteride (PO) | Proscar, Propecia | 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor | BPH, male pattern baldness | Key Side Effects: sexual dysfunction Other Notes: women who are of child-bearing age should not touch |
| doxazosin (PO) | Cardura | Alpha1 blocker | BPH, HTN | Key Side Effects: dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, priapism (rare), intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (rare) |
| terazosin (PO) | Hytrin | Alpha1 blocker | BPH, HTN | Key Side Effects: dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, priapism (rare), intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (rare) |
| tamsulosin (PO) | Flomax | Alpha1a blocker | BPH | Key Side Effects: dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, ejaculation failure, intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (rare) Other Notes: take 30 min after the same meal daily |
| solifenacin (PO) | Vesicare | Anticholinergic | Overactive bladder | Key Side Effects: xerostomia, constipation, Other Notes: CI in uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma |
| tolterodine (PO) | Detrol, Detrol LA | Anticholinergic | Overactive bladder | Key Side Effects: xerostomia, constipation, Other Notes: CI in uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma |
| oxybutynin (PO) [OTC] | Ditropan, Ditropan XL | Anticholinergic, urinary antispasmodic agent | Overactive bladder | Key Side Effects: xerostomia, constipation, dizziness, drowsiness Other Notes: CI in uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma |
| phenazopyridine (PO) [OTC] | Azo Urinary Pain Relief, Pyridium | Urinary analgesic | Symptomatic relief of dysuria | Key Side Effects: stomach cramps, headache, dizziness Other Notes: may change bodily fluids red/orange |
| calcium gluconate (IV) | --- | Electrolyte supplement | Hypocalcemia | Key Side Effects: hypercalcemia, arrhythmia Other Notes: precipitation occurs with phosphate; do not administer IM; vesicant |
| magnesium sulfate (IV, IM) | --- | Electrolyte supplement | Hypomagnesemia, pre-eclampsia | Key Side Effects: cardiac arrest (with rapid undiluted IV infusion) Other Notes: dilute before infusion |
| potassium chloride (PO, IV) | PO: K-Tab, Klor-Con, Micro-K | Electrolyte supplement | Hypokalemia | Side Effects (IV): hyperk, cardiac arrest with rapid undiluted inf Side Effects (PO): hyperk, abd discomfort/pain, diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, vomiting Other: dilute before in; do not administer IV push; vesicant; wax coating may appear in stool |
| ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) (PO) | --- | Fat-soluble vitamin | Dietary supplement, hypoparathyroiditis | Key Side Effects: hypervitaminosis D Other Notes: CI with hypercalcemia |
| albumin, 5% or 25% (IV) | --- | Colloid | Hypovolemia, SBP, paracentesis | Key Side Effects: edema |
| 0.9% sodium chloride (IV) | Normal saline | Crystalloid | Hypovolemia | Key Side Effects: hypervolemia, non anion gap metabolic acidosis |
| lactated ringers (IV) | LR | Crystalloid | Hypovolemia | Key Side Effects: hypervolemia |
| 5% dextrose in water (IV) | D5W | Crystalloid | Carrier fluid, hypoglycemia, hypernatremia | Key Side Effects: hyperglycemia, hyponatremia, hypervolemia |
| meropenem (IV) | Merrem | Carbapenem | Meningitis, HAP, DFI, IAI Activity against: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae | Key Side Effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions, seizures with excessive doses |
| ertapenem (IV) | Invanz | Carbapenem | DFI, IAI Activity against: ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae | Key Side Effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions, seizures with excessive doses |
| ciprofloxacin (PO, IV) | Cipro | Fluoroquinolone antibiotic | Pyelonephritis, HAP Activity against: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, atypicals | SE: QTc prolong, tendon rupture, ↑ hepatic transaminases, photosensitive BB: tendinitis & tendon rupture, neuropathy, & CNS effects; muscle weak in MG pts Othr: 2 hr b4 or 6 hr aftr di/trivalent cations; aortic dissection or rupture, dysglycemia |
| levofloxacin (PO, IV) | Levaquin | Fluoroquinolone antibiotic | CAP, pyelonephritis Activity against: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, atypicals | SE: QTc prolong, tendon rupture, ↑ hepatic transaminases, photosensitive BB: tendinitis & tendon rupture, neuropathy, & CNS effects; muscle weak in MG pts Othr: 2 hr b4 or 6 hr aftr di/trivalent cations; aortic dissection or rupture, dysglycemia |
| moxifloxacin (ophthalmic, PO, IV) | Ophthalmic: Vigamox, PO, IV: Avelox | Fluoroquinolone antibiotic | Ophthalmic: bacterial conjunctivitis, PO, IV: CAP Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, atypicals | SE: QTc prolong, tendon rupture, ↑ hepatic transaminases, photosensitive BB: tendinitis & tendon rupture, neuropathy, & CNS effects; muscle weak in MG pts Othr: 2 hr b4 or 6 hr aftr di/trivalent cations; aortic dissection or rupture, dysglycemia |
| azithromycin (PO, IV) | Zithromax, Z-Pak, Zmax | Macrolide antibiotic | CAP Activity against: Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydia trachomatis, atypicals | Key Side Effects: diarrhea, QTc prolongation |
| clarithromycin (PO, IV) | Biaxin, Biaxin XL | Macrolide antibiotic | CAP Activity against: Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydia trachomatis, atypicals | Key Side Effects: diarrhea, metallic taste, QTc prolongation |
| fidaxomicin (PO) | Dificid | Macrolide antibiotic | CDI Activity against: Clostridioides difficile | Key Side Effects: nausea Other Notes: do not use for systemic infections (no systemic absorption) |
| doxycycline (PO, IV) | Vibramycin | Tetracycline antibiotic | SSTI, CAP, tickborne diseases Activity against: MRSA, atypicals | SE: photosensitivity Othr: gray-brown discoloration of teeth and/or enamel hypoplasia when given to children; take oral tetracyclines 2 hours before or 6 hours after products containing divalent or trivalent cations |
| minocycline(PO, IV) | Minocin | Tetracycline antibiotic | SSTI, acne Activity against: MRSA | SE: esophagitis (doxycycline only), photosensitivity Othr: gray-brown discoloration of teeth and/or enamel hypoplasia when given to children; take oral tetracyclines 2 hours before or 6 hours after products containing divalent or trivalent cations |
| dicyclomine (PO) | Bentyl | Anticholinergic; Antispasmodic | IBS | Key Side Effects: drowsiness, blurred vision, dizziness Other Notes: Caution in cardiovascular disease, hepatic impairment, renal impairment, and hyperthyroidism |
| lubiprostone (PO) | Amitiza | Chloride channel activator | IBS with constipation, chronic constipation, opioid-induced constipation | Key Side Effects: nausea, headache, dyspnea Other Notes: CI in known or suspected gastrointestinal obstruction |
| dexamethasone (PO, IV) | DexPak, DoubleDex | Corticosteroid | Inflammatory diseases, cerebral edema | Key Side Effects: hyperglycemia, increased appetite with weight gain, depression, irritability, osteoporosis (chronic use), Cushing's syndrome (chronic use) Other Notes: risk of adrenal suppression with prolonged use |
| methylprednisolone (PO, IV) | Medrol | Corticosteroid | Inflammatory diseases, COPD exacerbation, asthma exacerbation, acute gout | Key Side Effects: hyperglycemia, increased appetite with weight gain, depression, irritability, osteoporosis (chronic use), Cushing's syndrome (chronic use) Other Notes: risk of adrenal suppression with prolonged use |
| prednisolone (PO) | Orapred | Corticosteroid | Inflammatory diseases, COPD exacerbation, asthma exacerbation, acute gout | Key Side Effects: hyperglycemia, increased appetite with weight gain, depression, irritability, osteoporosis (chronic use), Cushing's syndrome (chronic use) Other Notes: risk of adrenal suppression with prolonged use |
| prednisone (PO) | Deltasone | Corticosteroid | Inflammatory diseases, COPD exacerbation, asthma exacerbation, acute gout | Key Side Effects: hyperglycemia, increased appetite with weight gain, depression, irritability, osteoporosis (chronic use), Cushing's syndrome (chronic use) Other Notes: risk of adrenal suppression with prolonged use |
| hydrocortisone (IV, topical) * | Topical: Cortisone, Cortaid IV: Solu-Cortef | Corticosteroid | Topical: Inflammation, rash PO/IV: Acute illness, adrenal insufficiency | Key Side Effects: hyperglycemia, increased appetite with weight gain, depression, irritability, osteoporosis (chronic use), Cushing's syndrome (chronic use) Other Notes: risk of adrenal suppression with prolonged use |
| metoclopramide (PO, IV) | Reglan | Dopamine (D2) antagonist | Gastroparesis, GERD, nausea, vomiting | Key Side Effects: drowsiness, dystonia, akathisia, EPS, QTc prolongation, diarrhea US Boxed Warnings: may cause tardive dyskinesia |
| prochlorperazine (PO, PR, IM, IV) | Compazine | Dopamine (D2) antagonist | Nausea, vomiting | Key Side Effects: drowsiness, dizziness, xerostomia, blurred vision, constipation, QTc prolongation US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of death in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis Other Notes: do not administer IV push |
| ondansetron (PO, IV) | Zofran, Zofran ODT | Selective serotonin (5-HT3) antagonist | Nausea, vomiting | Key Side Effects: headache, fatigue, constipation, QTc prolongation |
| promethazine (PO, IM, IV, PR) | Phenergan | Histamine (H1) blocker | Motion sickness, nausea, vomiting | Key Side Effects: drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, QTc prolongation US Boxed Warnings: potential for fatal respiratory depression in patients < 2 years old; injection can cause peripheral extravasation (preferred parenteral route is IM) |
| lactulose (PO) | Enulose, Constulose | Laxative | Constipation, hepatic encephalopathy | Key Side Effects: abdominal cramps, abdominal distention, diarrhea, flatulence |
| diphenoxylate and atropine (PO) | Lomotil | Antidiarrheal | Diarrhea | Key Side Effects: nausea, confusion, drowsiness, dizziness, xerostomia, tachycardia, urinary retention |
| dabigatran (PO) | Pradaxa | Anticoagulant, direct thrombin inhibitor | AF (stroke prevention), VTE | bleeding, dyspepsia US Boxed Warnings: premature discontinuation increases risk of thrombotic events Other Notes: swallow whole; dispense and store in original packaging; discard 4 months after opening |
| apixaban (PO) | Eliquis | Anticoagulant, factor Xa inhibitor | AF (stroke prevention), VTE | bleeding US Boxed Warnings: premature discontinuation increases risk of thrombotic events |
| rivaroxaban (PO) | Xarelto | Anticoagulant, factor Xa inhibitor | AF (stroke prevention), VTE | bleeding US Boxed Warnings: premature discontinuation increases risk of thrombotic events |
| warfarin (PO) | Coumadin, Jantoven | Anticoagulant, vitamin K antagonist | AF (stroke prevention), VTE | bleeding US Boxed Warnings: premature discontinuation increases risk of thrombotic events |
| enoxaparin (SQ) | Lovenox | Anticoagulant, low molecular weight heparin | ACS, VTE | bleeding, hyperkalemia, HIT US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of epidural or spinal hematoma in patient undergoing spinal puncture Other Notes: do not expel air bubble from syringe prior to injection |
| heparin (IV, SQ) | ---- | Anticoagulant | ACS, VTE | bleeding, hyperkalemia, HIT |
| clopidogrel (PO) | Plavix | Antiplatelet agent | CAD, stroke | bleeding US Boxed Warnings: diminished effectiveness in poor metabolizers |
| dipyridamole and aspirin (PO) | Aggrenox | Antiplatelet agent | Stroke | bleeding, headache |
| prasugrel (PO) | Effient | Antiplatelet agent | CAD | bleeding US Boxed Warnings: bleeding risk Other Notes: CI in patients with history of stroke |
| alteplase (intracatheter, IV) | Intracatheter: Cathflo, IV: Activase | Fibrinolytic | Intracatheter: catheter clearance IV: STEMI, ischemic stroke, PE | bleeding Other Notes: CI in patients with severe uncontrolled HTN |
| drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol (PO) | Yasmin, Yaz | Contraceptive | Contraception, acne | Key SE: nausea, changes in menstrual flow, breast tender, thromboembolic disorders, headache US Boxed Warn: increased risk of CV events in women >35 yrs who smoke Other: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, and CV disease |
| levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol (PO) | Lutera, Levora, Seasonique | Contraceptive | Contraception, acne | Key SE: nausea, changes in menstrual flow, breast tender, thromboembolic disorders, headache US Boxed Warn: increased risk of CV events in women >35 yrs who smoke Other: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, and CV disease |
| norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol (PO) | Junel, Loestrin, Microgestin | Contraceptive | Contraception, acne | Key SE: nausea, changes in menstrual flow, breast tender, thromboembolic disorders, headache US Boxed Warn: increased risk of CV events in women >35 yrs who smoke Other: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, and CV disease |
| norethindrone, ethinyl estradiol, and ferrous fumarate (PO | Lo Loestrin Fe, Microgestin Fe | Contraceptive | Contraception, acne | Key SE: nausea, changes in menstrual flow, breast tender, thromboembolic disorders, headache US Boxed Warn: increased risk of CV events in women >35 yrs who smoke Other: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, and CV disease |
| norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol (PO) | Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo, Tri-Sprintec, Sprintec | Contraceptive | Contraception, acne | Key SE: nausea, changes in menstrual flow, breast tender, thromboembolic disorders, headache US Boxed Warn: increased risk of CV events in women >35 yrs who smoke Other: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, and CV disease |
| norgestrel and ethinyl estradiol (PO) | Crysell-28, Low-Ogestrel | Contraceptive | Contraception, acne | Key SE: nausea, changes in menstrual flow, breast tender, thromboembolic disorders, headache US Boxed Warn: increased risk of CV events in women >35 yrs who smoke Other: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, and CV disease |
| estrogens, conjugated (equine) (PO, topical) | Premarin | Estrogen derivative | Vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, vaginal atrophy associated with menopause | KSE: irrit at applic st (top), abd pain, brst tend, TE disord USBW: incr rsk of brst cncr &endometrial cncr if not used w/ progestin in womn w/ uter; not used for dmntia prev; O: CI in hep dysfunct, TE disord, CV disease, brst cncr, & estrgn-depend tum |
| estradiol (transdermal, PO) | Transdermal: Vivelle Dot, PO: Estrace | Estrogen derivative | Vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, vaginal atrophy associated with menopause | KSE: irrit at applic st (top), abd pain, brst tend, TE disord USBW: incr rsk of brst cncr &endometrial cncr if not used w/ progestin in womn w/ uter; not used for dmntia prev; O: CI in hep dysfunct, TE disord, CV disease, brst cncr, & estrgn-depend tum |
| medroxyprogesterone (PO) | Provera | Progestin | Abnormal uterine bleeding, secondary amenorrhea | KSE: acne, abn menstrual bleed, headache, amenorrhea USBW: inc risk of brst cncr; shouldnt be used for dementia prev, CV disease O: CI in TE disorders, CV disease, estrogen or progesterone-depend tum, undiagnosed abn genital bleed, hepatic impairment |
| testosterone gel (topical) | AndroGel, Fortesta, Vogelxo | Androgen | Hypogonadism | Key Side Effects: contact dermatitis, acne, increased PSA, emotional lability, hypertension US Boxed Warnings: secondary exposure may result in virilization (especially in children); CI in males with breast or prostate cancer and pregnant women |
| alendronate (PO) | Fosamax | Bisphosphonate | Osteoporosis | KSE: dyspep, gastresophgl refl disease, hypocalc, atyp fract, osteonecr of jaw Other Notes: CI in patients with abnm of the esophagus; admn ≥30 min b4 fd or drnk (except plain wtr); upright for 30 min following dose to reduce esophgeal irrit |
| ibandronate (PO, IV) | Boniva | Bisphosphonate | Osteoporosis | KSE: dyspep, gastresophgl refl disease, hypocalc, atyp fract, osteonecr of jaw O (Oral only): CI in patients with abnm of the esophagus; admn ≥60 min b4 fd or drnk (except plain wtr); upright for 60 min following dose to reduce esophgeal irrit |
| raloxifene (PO) | Evista | Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) | Osteoporosis, breast cancer prevention | Key Side Effects: hot flashes, leg cramps, peripheral edema, arthralgia US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of thromboembolism; increased risk of death caused by stroke in patients with cardiovascular disease |
| sildenafil (PO) | Viagra, Revatio | Phosphodiesterase-5 enzyme (PDE5) inhibitor | ED, PAH | Key Side Effects: priapism, headache, flushing, visual disturbance Other Notes: CI with concomitant use of nitrates (may cause severe hypotension) |
| tadalafil (PO) | Cialis | Phosphodiesterase-5 enzyme (PDE5) inhibitor | ED, BPH | Key Side Effects: priapism, headache, flushing, visual disturbance Other Notes: CI with concomitant use of nitrates (may cause severe hypotension) |
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Alex6266
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