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graphs and motion
distance / displacement / velocity - time graphs, equations of motion
Term | Definition |
---|---|
distance - time graph descriptions at a given point in time | The height of line - the distance travelled by an object (can only be positive as distance is a scalar) The gradient - the speed of the object (linear = constant speed) |
displacement - time graph descriptions at a given point in time | the height of the line - the displacement of the object relative to the chosen starting point (pos means to be in 1 direction relative to the point, neg means to be in the other direction) the gradient - the velocity of the object |
velocity - time graph descriptions at a given point in time | The height of the line - the velocity of the object (pos means moving in 1 direction, neg means moving in the other) the gradient - the acceleration of the object (linear = constant acceleration) the area under the curve - the distance travelled |
SUVAT equations | S - displacement U - initial velocity V - final velocity A - acceleration T - time These are used to model motion |
derivation of the equations of motion | Analysing velocity - time graphs |
modelling free fall | Using SUVAT, where the acceleration is g (9.81 for OCR A) |
standard rules of free fall / projectile motion | - assume no air resistance / other forces - assume the issue can be modelled as a particle - assume that the vertical information provides better insight into the problem |
projectile motion | using SUVAT in the horizontal and vertical directions, where only time is shared between the two |
velocities if angles are used (full body diagrams) | the horizontal initial velocity is total velocity x cos(angle) the vertical initial velocity is total velocity x sin(angle) the final horizontal velocity is the same as the initial the final vertical velocity is the negation of the initial velocity |
full body vs half body diagrams | full body - describing the problem from the start to when the object reaches the ground half body - describing the problem from the start to the turning point both are valid approaches because the arc formed is parabolic |
scalars and vectors | distance, speeds and time are scalars (only have magnitude) displacement, velocity and acceleration are vectors (magnitude and direction) |