Question 1

1.) What were the two classes in Ancient Rome under Etruscan rule, and what roles did they have?

Accepted Answer

The classes were Patricians (upper class) and Plebeians (lower class). Plebeians were mainly peasants and laborers and were excluded from government and priesthood roles.

Question 2

2.) How did the Patricians change the government, and who had the most power in the new republic?

Accepted Answer

The Patricians, with the Plebeians, created a republic where only Patricians could participate. The senate had the most power, and two consuls led the army, both from the Patrician class.

Question 3

3.) What were the main complaints of the Plebeians under Patrician rule, and how did they show their dissatisfaction?

Accepted Answer

Plebeians were unhappy about Patrician dominance, biased laws, and limited opportunities. In 494 B.C.E., they protested by leaving the city until their demands were met.

Question 4

4.) How did the Plebeians gain more political rights, and what changes allowed them to have a bigger role in Roman politics?

Accepted Answer

Answer: After protests, Plebeians got the right to vote for the tribune, who could veto laws. They could also elect the council making laws for them. A law later mandated a Plebeian consul, letting them become senators.

Question 5

5.) What legal changes marked the end of Plebeian struggles, and how did these changes affect their role in the Roman government?

Accepted Answer

The final change was a law requiring one Plebeian consul. This allowed Plebeians to be senators and make laws for all Roman citizens, achieving their goal of political equality.

Question 6

1.) Why did Rome change from a republic to an empire during its expansion?

Accepted Answer

Rome shifted from a republic to an empire because it needed to protect its growing territories and faced power struggles between generals and the Senate.

Question 7

2.) What were the outcomes of the Punic Wars, and how did they affect the Roman people?

Accepted Answer

The Punic Wars resulted in Roman victories and territorial gains but also brought hardship to the people, with economic disparities growing, favoring the rich over the poor.

Question 8

3.) How did the accumulation of wealth impact the downfall of the Roman Republic during its final years of expansion?

Accepted Answer

The wealth gained from conquests strained the ideals of the republic, leading to wars, rebellions, social unrest, and economic inequality.

Question 9

4.) What were the key events surrounding Julius Caesar's rise to power and his assassination in 44 B.C.E.?

Accepted Answer

Julius Caesar's return, defiance of the Senate, and naming as dictator for life marked a shift in Roman politics. His reforms aimed at addressing social issues, but his assassination led to power struggles and the rise of emperors.

Question 10

5.)  What characterized the early years of the Roman Empire, especially under Augustus, and how did it differ from the Roman Republic?

Accepted Answer

From 44 B.C.E. to 14 C.E., Rome had one currency, expanded its territories, and enjoyed peace during the Pax Romana. Augustus, in charge, supported education and the arts, marking a shift from the old republic to imperial rule.

Question 11

1.) What was daily life like in ancient Rome, and how did the rich and poor coexist?

Accepted Answer

Answer: In ancient Rome, life had stark differences. Beautiful temples shared space with dirty apartments. Rome's Forum saw a mix of people—wealthy shoppers to enslaved individuals.

Question 12

2.) How did Romans handle law and order, and what impact did it have on society?

Accepted Answer

Romans valued laws from the Senate and later the emperor. However, law enforcement mainly protected the rich, leading to social disparities and harsher punishments for the poor.

Question 13

3.) Why was religion important in ancient Rome, and how did it influence daily life?

Accepted Answer

Romans were deeply religious, adopting gods from various cultures. They believed gods influenced daily life, leading to rituals, sacrifices, and eventually making Christianity the official religion.

Question 14

4.) What was family life like in ancient Rome, and what were some important family rituals?

Accepted Answer

Roman families were led by the paterfamilias. Naming ceremonies with good-luck charms, transitions to manhood for boys, and marriages for girls marked key family milestones.

Question 15

5.) How did people in ancient Rome eat, and what were the differences in the diets of the rich and the poor?

Accepted Answer

Rich Romans cooked at home and had fancy meals with exotic foods. Poor Romans relied on fast-food spots (Thermopolia) and had simpler meals like bread, beans, and spices. Some faced poverty and got food donations.

Question 16

1.) Why did the Western Roman Empire fall, and what were some key problems it faced?

Accepted Answer

The Western Roman Empire fell due to poor leadership, barbarian invasions, economic issues, declining moral standards, and a disregard for Roman laws.

Question 17

2.) What were the various causes contributing to the decline of the Western Roman Empire, and how did they affect politics, society, economy, and the military?

Accepted Answer

The decline involved political issues like civil unrest, societal problems such as disloyalty and corruption, economic challenges like disrupted trade, and military threats from northern tribes.

Question 18

3.) How did ancient Rome shape Western civilization, and what were its lasting contributions in language, architecture, engineering, technology, laws, and government?

Accepted Answer

Ancient Rome influenced Western civilization with its language (Latin), architectural marvels, engineering feats like roads and aqueducts, technological advancements, the Roman legal system, and the development of a republican government.

Question 19

4.) What were some enduring achievements of ancient Rome in philosophy, literature, science, and technology?

Accepted Answer

Rome's enduring achievements include adopting Greek philosophy, creating literature inspired by Greek works, contributions to science by figures like Pliny the Elder and Galen, and technological advancements in engineering and architecture.

Question 20

5.) How did Roman law evolve, and what principles endured, shaping legal systems in Europe and the United States?

Accepted Answer

Roman law aimed for fairness, stressing equal treatment, innocence until proven guilty, burden on the accuser, punishment for actions, and the ability to set aside unfair laws. These principles influence legal systems in Europe and the United States.

Question	Answer
Unit 7 Ancient rome
Lesson 22
1.) What were the two classes in Ancient Rome under Etruscan rule, and what roles did they have?	The classes were Patricians (upper class) and Plebeians (lower class). Plebeians were mainly peasants and laborers and were excluded from government and priesthood roles.
2.) How did the Patricians change the government, and who had the most power in the new republic?	The Patricians, with the Plebeians, created a republic where only Patricians could participate. The senate had the most power, and two consuls led the army, both from the Patrician class.
3.) What were the main complaints of the Plebeians under Patrician rule, and how did they show their dissatisfaction?	Plebeians were unhappy about Patrician dominance, biased laws, and limited opportunities. In 494 B.C.E., they protested by leaving the city until their demands were met.
4.) How did the Plebeians gain more political rights, and what changes allowed them to have a bigger role in Roman politics?	Answer: After protests, Plebeians got the right to vote for the tribune, who could veto laws. They could also elect the council making laws for them. A law later mandated a Plebeian consul, letting them become senators.
5.) What legal changes marked the end of Plebeian struggles, and how did these changes affect their role in the Roman government?	The final change was a law requiring one Plebeian consul. This allowed Plebeians to be senators and make laws for all Roman citizens, achieving their goal of political equality.
Lesson 23
1.) Why did Rome change from a republic to an empire during its expansion?	Rome shifted from a republic to an empire because it needed to protect its growing territories and faced power struggles between generals and the Senate.
2.) What were the outcomes of the Punic Wars, and how did they affect the Roman people?	The Punic Wars resulted in Roman victories and territorial gains but also brought hardship to the people, with economic disparities growing, favoring the rich over the poor.
3.) How did the accumulation of wealth impact the downfall of the Roman Republic during its final years of expansion?	The wealth gained from conquests strained the ideals of the republic, leading to wars, rebellions, social unrest, and economic inequality.
4.) What were the key events surrounding Julius Caesar's rise to power and his assassination in 44 B.C.E.?	Julius Caesar's return, defiance of the Senate, and naming as dictator for life marked a shift in Roman politics. His reforms aimed at addressing social issues, but his assassination led to power struggles and the rise of emperors.
5.) What characterized the early years of the Roman Empire, especially under Augustus, and how did it differ from the Roman Republic?	From 44 B.C.E. to 14 C.E., Rome had one currency, expanded its territories, and enjoyed peace during the Pax Romana. Augustus, in charge, supported education and the arts, marking a shift from the old republic to imperial rule.
Lesson 24
1.) What was daily life like in ancient Rome, and how did the rich and poor coexist?	Answer: In ancient Rome, life had stark differences. Beautiful temples shared space with dirty apartments. Rome's Forum saw a mix of people—wealthy shoppers to enslaved individuals.
2.) How did Romans handle law and order, and what impact did it have on society?	Romans valued laws from the Senate and later the emperor. However, law enforcement mainly protected the rich, leading to social disparities and harsher punishments for the poor.
3.) Why was religion important in ancient Rome, and how did it influence daily life?	Romans were deeply religious, adopting gods from various cultures. They believed gods influenced daily life, leading to rituals, sacrifices, and eventually making Christianity the official religion.
4.) What was family life like in ancient Rome, and what were some important family rituals?	Roman families were led by the paterfamilias. Naming ceremonies with good-luck charms, transitions to manhood for boys, and marriages for girls marked key family milestones.
5.) How did people in ancient Rome eat, and what were the differences in the diets of the rich and the poor?	Rich Romans cooked at home and had fancy meals with exotic foods. Poor Romans relied on fast-food spots (Thermopolia) and had simpler meals like bread, beans, and spices. Some faced poverty and got food donations.
Lesson 25
1.) Why did the Western Roman Empire fall, and what were some key problems it faced?	The Western Roman Empire fell due to poor leadership, barbarian invasions, economic issues, declining moral standards, and a disregard for Roman laws.
2.) What were the various causes contributing to the decline of the Western Roman Empire, and how did they affect politics, society, economy, and the military?	The decline involved political issues like civil unrest, societal problems such as disloyalty and corruption, economic challenges like disrupted trade, and military threats from northern tribes.
3.) How did ancient Rome shape Western civilization, and what were its lasting contributions in language, architecture, engineering, technology, laws, and government?	Ancient Rome influenced Western civilization with its language (Latin), architectural marvels, engineering feats like roads and aqueducts, technological advancements, the Roman legal system, and the development of a republican government.
4.) What were some enduring achievements of ancient Rome in philosophy, literature, science, and technology?	Rome's enduring achievements include adopting Greek philosophy, creating literature inspired by Greek works, contributions to science by figures like Pliny the Elder and Galen, and technological advancements in engineering and architecture.
5.) How did Roman law evolve, and what principles endured, shaping legal systems in Europe and the United States?	Roman law aimed for fairness, stressing equal treatment, innocence until proven guilty, burden on the accuser, punishment for actions, and the ability to set aside unfair laws. These principles influence legal systems in Europe and the United States.

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Ancient Rome

Lessons 22,23,24,25