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MICROBIO QUIZ 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| which of the following statements is true? | at least one member must benefit in a symbiotic relationship |
| innate immunity | is nonspecific and present at birth |
| innate immunity includes all of the following EXCEPT | production of antibody |
| the rise of herd immunity amongst a population can be directly attributed to | vaccinations |
| the science that deals with when diseases occur and how they are transmitted is called | epidemiology |
| which of the following is an effect of opsonization? | increased adherence of phagocytes to microoganisms |
| plasma cells are activated by a(n) | antigen |
| which of the following is the best definition of antigen? | a chemical that elicits an antibody response and can combine with these antibodies |
| a reaction between antibody and particulate antigen is called a(n) | aggulation reaction |
| a hybridoma results from the fusion of a(n) | B cell with a myeloma cell |
| focal infections initially start out as | local infections |
| a disease in which the causative agent remains inactive for a time before producing symptoms is referred to as | latent |
| which of the following statements about M protein is FALSE | it is readily digested by phagocytes |
| cytopathic effects are changes in host cells due to | viral infections |
| which of the following is the best definition of epitope? | specific regions on antigens that interact with antibodies |
| the major significance of Robert Kock's work is that | microorganisms cause disease |
| the chemical mediators of anaphylaxis are | found in basophils and mast cells |
| worldwide, the primary method of transmission of HIV is | heterosexual intercourse |
| transient microbiota differ from normal microbiota in that transient microbiota | are present for a relatively short time |
| normal microbiota | both indefinitely colonize the body and take up residence in sites such as the colon and mouth |
| symptoms of disease differ rom signs of disease in that symptoms | are changes felt by the patient |
| if a prodromal period exists for a certain disease, it should occur prior to | illness |
| which of the following is NOT a reservoir of infection? | none of the answers are correct. SICK PERSON, HEALTHY PERSON, SICK ANIMAL, HOSPITAL ALL CAN BE RESERVOIRS OF INFECTION |
| the ability of some microbes such as Trypanosoma or Giardia to alter their surface molecules and evade destruction by the host's antibodies is called | antigenic variation |
| The ID50 is | the dose that will cause an infection in 50 percent of the test population |
| which organism in table 15.2 most easily causes infection | legionella pneumophila (ID50 = 1) |
| endotoxins are | part of the gram-negative cell wall |
| in response to the presence of endotoxin, phagocytes secrete tumor necrosis factor. This causes | a decrease in blood pressure |
| Antibiotics can lead to septic shock if used to treat | gram-negative bacterial infections |
| all of the following are effects of histamine EXCEPT | fever |
| a chill is a sign that | body temperature is rising |
| all of the following occur during inflammation. what is the first step? | vasodilation |
| polio is transmitted by ingestion of water contaminated with feces containing polio virus. what portal of entry does poliovirus use? | mucous membranes only |
| what time of immunity results from recovery from mumps? | naturally acquired active immunity |
| newborns immunity due to the transfer of antibodies across the placenta is an example of | naturally acquired passive immunity |
| what type of immunity results from vaccination | artificially acquired active immunity |
| what type of immunity results from transfer of antibodies from one individual to a susceptible individual by means of injection? | artificially acquired passive immunity |
| the specificity of an antibody is due to | the variable portions of the H and L chains |
| which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cellular immunity? | B cells make antibodies |
| the antibodies found in mucus, saliva and tears are | IgA |
| the most abundant class of antibodies in serum is | IgG |
| the antibodies that typically bind to large parasites are | IgE |
| inactivated tetanus toxin is a(n) | inactivated whole-agent vaccine |
| all of the following are generally used in vaccines EXCEPT | antibodies |
| which of the following is NOT an advantage of live attenuated vaccine agents? | they occasionally revert to virulent forms |
| live weakened polio virus can be used directly in a(n) | attenuated whole-agent vaccine |
| serological testing is based on the fact that | antibodies react specifically with an antigen |
| in which of the following diseases can gender be considered a viable predisposing factor? | urinary tract infections |
| which of the following is involved in resistance to parasitic helminths? | eosinophils |
| which of the following is a possible outcome of an HIV infection? | ALL ANSWERS ARE CORRECT virions may remain latent, there many be persistent yeast infections, infection may initially be asymptomatic, the diease does not progress to AIDs |
| worldwide, the primary method of transmission of HIV is | heterosexual intercourse |
| which antibodies will be in the serum of a person with blood type B, Rh+? | anti-A |
| A treg cell deficiency could result in | autoimmunity |
| hemolytic disease of the newborn can result from an | Rh- mother with an Rh+ fetus |
| a cell undergoing apoptosis | is employed as an infection-fighting mechanism |
| the function of the "ciliary escalator" is to | trap inhaled dust and microorganisms in mucus and propel it away from the lower respiratory tract |
| which one of the following causes transmembrane channels in target cells? | perforin |
| which of the following cells is NOT an APC? | RBCs |
| Haemophilus capsule polysaccharide plus diphtheria toxoid is a(n) | conjugated vaccine |
| the importance of M cells concerns | facilitation of contact between antigens in the intestinal tract and the immune system |
| in figure 17.2 which areas are similar for all IgG antibodies? | ??? |
| in figure 17.2 what portion which portion will typically attach to a host cell? | e |
| in figure 17.2 is the light chain | a |
| in figure 17.2 which areas represent antigen binding sites? | a and b |
| in figure 17.2 which are the cellular binding cites? | c and d |
| MMWR is a publication by the CDC that reports specifically and only emerging diseases? TF | false |
| individuals who do not express CCR5 are highly resistant to infection by HIV. TF | true |
| most symptoms of endotoxins can be treated with administration of anti-endotoxin antibodies. TF | false |
| Biofilms provide pathogens with an adhesion mechanism and aid in resistance to antimicrobial agents. TF | true |
| adjuvants such as aluminum salts are used in vaccines to increase an immune responses. TF | true |
| blood typing tests are examples of hemagglutination reactions. TF | true |
| The M protein enhances the virulence of Streptococcus by preventing phagocytosis. TF | true |
| cytopathic effects, such as inclusion bodies and syncytium formation, are the visible signs of viral infections. TF | true |
| microorganisms that are members of the normal microbiota are also known to cause disease. TF | true |
| reservoirs of infections are always inanimate objects. TF | false |
| in general, the LD50 for exotoxins is much greater than the LD50 for endotoxins. TF | false |
| in a vaccine preparation, the term "attenuated" means that the agent does NOT replicate. TF | false |
| adjuvants such as aluminum salts are used in vaccines to increase an immune response. TF | true |
| blood typing tests are example of hemagglutination reactions. TF | true |
Created by:
asanchez27