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ANAPHY
Integumentary System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| body structures composed of two or more different tissues that perform specific functions. | organs |
| the ____ and its ______ make up the INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM. | Skin, accessory organs |
| what are the accessory organs of the skin | Nails, Hair, Skin glands |
| This is the body's largest sensory organ, and the largest organ | skin |
| average amount of hair | 120,000 |
| our nails grow ___ per week | .5mm |
| true or false: every month we have a whole new layer of skin | TRUE |
| Give atleast 3 function of the skin | 1. protects body against infection 2. maintains balance of fluids 3. synthesizes vitamin D 4. house of sensory receptors 5. temperature regulation 6. secretion |
| What are the 3 layers of the skin? | Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous (hypodermis) layer |
| Epidermis is composed of: | Avascular Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium |
| Dermis are composed of: | connective tissue and blood vessels |
| Subcutaneous Layer are composed of: | areolar and adipose tissue |
| Subcutaneous layer or hypodermis contains: | major blood vessels |
| Subcutaneous layer or hypodermis helps to: | insulate to conserve body heat and impedes entrance of external heat |
| this is what you get when you have low levels of phosphorus | Hypophosphatemic Rickets |
| Hypophosphatemic Rickets refers to: | bone deformation |
| Phosphorus helps to: | helps for formation of the bones and teeth |
| 2 Body Membranes | Epithelial Membrane Connective Membrane |
| Epithelial Membrane are composed of 3 membranes such as: | Cutaneous Membrane Mucus Membrane Serous Membrane |
| Connective Membrane is composed of 1 membrane such as: | Synovial Membrane |
| A membrane under Epithelial M. that is dry | Cutaneous Membrane |
| A membrane under Epithelial M. that is on our digestive system; from lung bronchi to esophagus lining | Mucus Membrane |
| A membrane under Epithelial M. that is moist | Serous Membrane |
| lines within the body cavity | Visceral Serosa Parietal serosa |
| A membrane under Connective M. that is a cavity for bones | Synovial Membrane |
| It is the outermost layer of the skin | Epidermis Layer |
| This means that there is no blood vessels present | avascular |
| Epidermis' 4 Cells | Keratinocyte Melanocyte Merkel Cells Langerhans Cells |
| these cells makes up the majority if epidermis. it forms a barrier for the body against outside world | Keratinocyte |
| These cells make a protein called melanin. It also protects skin cells from ultraviolet damage | Melanocytes |
| These are “neuroendocrine cells,” meaning that they look like nerve cells but also have some features of hormone cells | Merkel Cells |
| These are immune, or infection-fighting, cells. They exist in the epidermis, as well as in the dermis, in lymph nodes, and in other locations throughout the body | Langerhans Cells |
| 5 layers of epidermis | Stratum Corneum Stratum Lucidum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basal |
| Outermost layer of epidermis; 25-30 dead flat keratinocytes are here. serves as a water, microbe, injury barrier. and it sheds continuously and replaced by cells from the deeper strata | stratum corneum |
| Not all part of the skin has it. 3-5 layers of clear, flat, dead keratinocytes commonly found in palms and soles because those are thick layers of skin. | stratum lucidum |
| True or False: On a thick epidermis, all 5 layers of epidermis are present | TRUE |
| True or False: On a thin epidermis, all 4 layers, excluding stratum lucidum are present | TRUE |
| this is where keratinization begins. it has 3-5 layers of flattened keratinocytes undergoing apoptosis | stratum granulosum |
| a prickly layer. this is where pre-keratinization begins. several layers of keratinocytes joined together by demosomes and tight junctions | stratum spinosum |
| also known as stratum germinosum. new cells are formed. it is the deepest of epidermal layer. this is where mitotic division occurs | stratum basale |
| True or False: Ang keratinization ay pababa; mula stratum corneum hanggang stratum basale | FALSE Ang keratinization ay pataas: mula stratum basale hanggang stratum corneum |
| The thickest layer out of all 3 layers of the skin. It contains bloodvesseks, lymphatic vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, nerve endings, and fibrous tissues | Dermis |
| 2 Layers of Dermis | Papillary Layer and Reticular Layer |
| superficial portion of the dermis, it consists of areolar connective tissue containing elastic fibers. epidermal ridges conforms to the dermal papillae | Papillary Layer |
| Deeper portion of dermis. it consists of dense irregular connective tissue containing collagen or elastic fibers. | Reticular Layer |
| It is responsible as to why our fingerprints are unique from each other | dermal papillae |
| True or False: collagen fibers make up 50% of the dermis and gives structural toughness and strength | FALSE 70% |
| True or False: elastin fibers are loosely arranged in all directions and give elasticity to the skin | TRUE |
| True or false: dermal blood vessels carry nutrients to lower layer of skin and help to regulate temperature | FALSE upper |
| This is the innermost layer of the skin. It contains fat cells, collagen cells, connective tissue, bigger blood vessels and lymphatic vessels | Subcutaneous Layer (Hypodermis) |
| True or False: Subcutaneous layer contains smaller blood vessels | FALSE Bigger |
| True or False: Dermis is the common site of drug injection since it has many blood vessels | FALSE Hypodermis |
| It is an energy reservoir, thermal insulation | Subcutaneous Fat |
| True or False: Subcutaneous fat is thicker in women | TRUE |
| True or False: Subcutaneous fat is thicker in infants | FALSE thinner |
| True or False: Subcutaneous fat is thinner in elderly | TRUE |
| Combination of genetic, environmental, physiological factors | Skin color |
| True or False: Genetic differences in skin color result from differing amounts of melanin and in the size and distribution of melanin granules. | TRUE |
| True or False: When melanin is more spread out, it results in darker skin | TRUE |
| True or false: Exposure to sunlight, UV light from sun lamps, and X- rays cause darkening of skin as melanin production increases. | TRUE |
| Does circulation Circulation within dermal blood vessels affects skin color? Yes or no | YES |
| When you have well oxygenated blood, it results in what color? | Pinkish color |
| When you have poor oxygenated blood, it results in what color? | cyanosis (blueish) |
| When you eat foods with too much carotene or when you have liver disease, it results in what color? | Yellowish |
| Does carotene exists in our palms and soles? Yes or No | YES |
| it is a factor in our skin color. | Melanin |
| produced by melanocytes, it accumulates in keratinocytes | Melanin |
| 2 Forms of Pigment | Eumelanin Pheomelanin |
| Eumelanin is | brownish black |
| Pheomelanin is | reddish yellow |
| True or False: People has the same number of melanocytes, but not melanin | TRUE |
| it is the protective coverings over the ends of fingers and toes | Nails |
| Parts of the nail | Nail bed Nail plate Lunula |
| nail plate | nail itself |
| nail bed | kung san nakapatong ang nail |
| lunula | white part ng nail |
| True or False: As new cells are produced, older ones stays and become keratinized or turns into dead cells | FALSE Older ones are pushed outward and become keratinized |
| It can be found in nearly all regions of the skin exceot palms, soles, nipples, and portions of external genitalia | Hair |
| True or False: Each hair develops from epithelial stem cells at the base of a tube-like depression called the hair follicle. The dermis contain the hair root | TRUE |
| True or False: As new cells are formed, old cells are pushed outward and become keratinized, and die forming the hair root | FALSE Hair shaft |
| parts of the hair | medula cortex cuticle |
| Medula is the | inner part |
| cortex is the | side part |
| cuticle is the | outside part |
| dito lumalabas o dumadaloy ang hair shaft | pore |
| responsible for goosebumps | arrector pili muscle |
| hair root | tubo ng buhok |
| hair bulge | where arrector pili muscle is connected |
| hair follicle | this is where hair grow |
| region of cell division | hair matrix: mitotic division occurs |
| dark hair | eumelanin |
| blonde & red hair | pheomelanin |
| genetic lack of melanin causes | albinism |
| Sebaceous glands is also known as | holocrine glands |
| sweat glands is also known as | sudoriferous glands |
| sweat glands is composed of 2 glands namely: | apocrine and ecrrine |
| this gland is associated with hair follicles and secrete sebum that waterproofs and moisturizes the hair shafts and skin | sebaceous glands |
| The secretions exit via a surface pore. | sweat glands |
| type of sweat gland that responds to body temperature | eccrine |
| type of sweat gland that become active at puberty and respond to body temperature, stress, and sexual arousal. most numerous in axilla and groin | apocrine |
| it is a modified sweat gland that secrete wax in ear canal | ceruminous glands |
| it is a modified sweat gland that secrete milk | mammary gland |
| True or False: Inflammation is the body's normal response to injury | TRUE |
| True or False: Superficial cuts are filled in by reproducing epithelial cells | TRUE |
| A deeper injury with broken _____ involves the formation of a blood clot | blood vessels |
| The blood clot and dried tissue fluids form a _____ | scab |
| ____ migrate into the area and secrete collagen fibers to bind the edges of the wound together. | fibroblasts |
| ____ remove debris and dead cells | phagocytotic cells |
| True or False: Damaged tissue is replaced and the scab sloughs off | TRUE |
| it is the leading cause of accidental death | burn |
| eschar | burned, dead tissue |
| debridement | removal of eschar |
| • involves only epidermis • Redness, slight edema, and pain • Heals in days | First degree burn |
| • partial-thickness burn; involves part of dermis • May appear red, tan, or white; blistered and painful • Two weeks to several months to heal and may leave scars | Second degree burn |
| • full-thickness burn; involves epidermis, all of dermis, and often some deeper tissues • Often requires skin grafts • Needs fluid replacement, infection control, supplemental nutrition | Third degree burn |
Created by:
mmae0823