Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

a specialized form of the endoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells, dedicated to calcium ion (Ca2+) handling, necessary for muscle contraction and relaxation.

Actin filaments (F-actin) are linear polymers of globular actin (G-actin) subunits and occur as microfilaments in the cytoskeleton and as thin filaments

carrying the ATPase myosin heads that interact with actin filaments to produce force and movement,

Troponin is a protein that's found in the cells of your heart muscle.

Tropomyosin is a protein involved in skeletal muscle contraction. It helps control when a muscle contracts and when it doesn't

Adenosine Triphosphate

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an organic compound that provides energy to drive and support many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, condensate dissolution, and chemical synthesis.

Skeletal Muscle Diagram

Your musculoskeletal system includes your bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons and connective tissues.

exercise-induced decrease in the ability to produce force

measures muscle response or electrical activity in response to a nerve's stimulation of the muscle.

a symptom that involves involuntary muscle contractions and overly stimulated peripheral nerves.

synarthrosis (immovable), amphiarthrosis (slightly moveable), and diarthrosis (freely moveable).

Types of Synovial Joints

hinge (elbow), saddle (carpometacarpal joint), planar (acromioclavicular joint), pivot (atlantoaxial joint), condyloid (metacarpophalangeal joint), and ball and socket (hip joint).

Types of Cartilage in the body

hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage and fibrocartilage

Muscles allow for movement, ligaments attach bones, and tendons connect muscle to bone

Range of Motion (ROM)

the extent or limit to which a part of the body can be moved around a joint or a fixed point

Categories of Movement

Rotation (Medial & Lateral), Circumduction, Abduction, Adduction, Depression, Elevation, Dorsiflexion, Plantar Flexion, Flexion, Extension, Supination, Pronation, Inversion, and Eversion

an instrument that measures angle motion at a joint

Meniscus, Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL), Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL), Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL), Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL), and Bursa

Knee Injury Assessments

Anterior Drawer Test, Posterior Drawer Test, Valgus Stress Test, and Varus Stress Test

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HBS 1.2 - Muscles &

Term	Definition
Tendon	A tendon is a cord of strong, flexible tissue, similar to a rope.
3 Types of Muscle	The three main types of muscle include skeletal, smooth and cardiac.
Sarcomere	A sarcomere is the basic contractile unit of muscle fiber
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum	a specialized form of the endoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells, dedicated to calcium ion (Ca2+) handling, necessary for muscle contraction and relaxation.
Actin filaments	Actin filaments (F-actin) are linear polymers of globular actin (G-actin) subunits and occur as microfilaments in the cytoskeleton and as thin filaments
Myosin filaments	carrying the ATPase myosin heads that interact with actin filaments to produce force and movement,
Troponin	Troponin is a protein that's found in the cells of your heart muscle.
Tropomyosin	Tropomyosin is a protein involved in skeletal muscle contraction. It helps control when a muscle contracts and when it doesn't
Adenosine Triphosphate	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an organic compound that provides energy to drive and support many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, condensate dissolution, and chemical synthesis.
Skeletal Muscle Diagram	Your musculoskeletal system includes your bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons and connective tissues.
Muscle Fatigue	exercise-induced decrease in the ability to produce force
Electromyogram (EMG)	measures muscle response or electrical activity in response to a nerve's stimulation of the muscle.
Tetany	a symptom that involves involuntary muscle contractions and overly stimulated peripheral nerves.
3 Types of Joints	synarthrosis (immovable), amphiarthrosis (slightly moveable), and diarthrosis (freely moveable).
Types of Synovial Joints	hinge (elbow), saddle (carpometacarpal joint), planar (acromioclavicular joint), pivot (atlantoaxial joint), condyloid (metacarpophalangeal joint), and ball and socket (hip joint).
Types of Cartilage in the body	hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage and fibrocartilage
Ligaments	Muscles allow for movement, ligaments attach bones, and tendons connect muscle to bone
Range of Motion (ROM)	the extent or limit to which a part of the body can be moved around a joint or a fixed point
Categories of Movement	Rotation (Medial & Lateral), Circumduction, Abduction, Adduction, Depression, Elevation, Dorsiflexion, Plantar Flexion, Flexion, Extension, Supination, Pronation, Inversion, and Eversion
Goniometer	an instrument that measures angle motion at a joint
Kinesiology	The study of movement
Knee Joint	Meniscus, Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL), Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL), Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL), Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL), and Bursa
Knee Injury Assessments	Anterior Drawer Test, Posterior Drawer Test, Valgus Stress Test, and Varus Stress Test

Created by: Hassan Soudi

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