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Cell Cycle
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Base pairing | Rule that states A pairs with T and C pairs with G |
| Template strand | Single DNA strand that serves as a guide for making the matching or complementary DNA strand |
| Deoxyribose | Pentose (5-carbon) sugar that (with phosphate) makes up the backbones of DNA |
| DNA replication | Process of copying DNA to create identical strands, occurs in Interphase (S phase) |
| Complementary strand | New strand of DNA created during replication that matches the original, template strand of DNA |
| Nucleotide | Monomer (building block) of DNA that consists of a phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogen base |
| Nitrogen bases | The sequence stores genetic information (A,T,C,G) |
| S phase | Part of interphase when DNA is replicated or synthesized |
| Cell cycle | Series of events that cells undergo to make repairs or allow an organism to grow |
| G1 phase | First stage of interphase in which the cell grows and performs its normal functions |
| G2 phase | Stage of interphase in which cell doubles its organelles and proofreads and fixes the DNA if mistakes are found |
| M phase | Includes mitosis (nuclear division) and cytokinesis (cell division) |
| G0 phase | A nondividing/ resting phase in which a cell has left the cell cycle. |
| Interphase | Cell grows, performs its normal functions, replicates DNA and prepares for nuclear division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases |
| Somatic cells | Body cells, make up most of your body tissues and organs |
| End product of the Mitotic cell cycle | Two IDENTICAL somatic (body) daughter cells |
| Cell cycle phases in order | IMC - Interphase (G1, S, G2), Mitosis (PMAT), Cytokinesis |
| Cancer | Abnormal and uncontrolled cell division when cells skip G0 |
| Checkpoints | Process that checks the cell before it divides, preventing errors from being passed to new cells |
| Mitosis | Nuclear division, includes PMAT |
| Hydrogen Bond | Found between nitrogenous bases |
| Apoptosis | A normal process that leads to programmed cell death |
| Cytokinesis | Division of cytoplasm |
| Enzymes | Catalyst that speed up cell processes like DNA replication including Helicase (breaks hydrogen bonds) and DNA Polymerase (joins bases pairs together) |
| DNA | contains the instructions for, and controls, the production of proteins (traits) |