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PHY 201 Test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the natural state of motion is () () | constant velocity |
| Principle of inertia | an object in motion will stay in motion |
| extensive quantities are quantities that increase additively with the extent of the system, some examples are: | mass, energy, and momentum |
| intensive quantities are quantities that are independent of the extent of the system, some examples are: | density, temperature, ratios |
| what four processes can change the value of an extensive quantity? | input, output, creation, and destruction |
| quantities that are never created or destroyed | conserved |
| if an object gains momentum, their environment gains the () momentum | opposite |
| the momentum of a (nonisolated) system can change if the system interacts with its environment, this is called an () | impulse |
| Two carts are on an airtrack, one with a velocity of 0.4 m/s and the other at rest, so their relative speed is 0.4 m/s. After the collision cart 1 has a velocity of 0.2 m/s and cart 2 has a velocity of −0.2 m/s. What is their relative speed after? | 0.4m/s |
| 3 collision types: | super elastic, elastic, inelastic |
| irreversible processes (which collision type) | inelastic |
| reversable processes (which collision type) | elastic |
| what is always conserved in collisions? | momentum |
| Two 1 kg carts are moving at 2 m/s in opposite directions along a track. Their combined kinetic energy is | 4 J |
| In the simple combustion process 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O where does the thermal energy come from? | It equals the energy released from forming OH bonds less the energy required to break the HH and OO bonds |
| in which collision type does relative velocity flip? | elastic |
| Kinetic energy is conserved in () collisions | elastic |
| if mass 2 has an initial velocity of zero, you can find the final velocity of the first mass with v1f = | =v1i(m1-m2/m1+m2) |
| if mass 2 has an initial velocity of zero you can find the final velocity of the second mass with v2f = | = v1i (2m1/m1+m2) |
| In an inelastic collision what is conserved? | momentum |
| when the coefficient of restitution e=0, what type of collision is it | totally inelastic |
| when the coefficient of restitution0<e<1, what type of collision is it | inelastic |
| when the coefficient of restitution e=1, what type of collision is it | elastic |
| when the coefficient of restitution e>1, what type of collision is it | super elastic/ explosive |
| () () happens when internal energy is converted into kinetic energy | explosive separation |
| Alice sees Bob walking at 1 m/s to the North and she sees Carol walking at 1 m/s to the North. What is Carol’s velocity as seen by Bob? | 0 m/s |
| the reference frame of an object is not () | absolute |
| An air cannon can shoot soccer balls at 40 mph. If the air cannon is mounted on the back of a truck, aiming backward, and the truck drives forward at 40 mph, then right after being fired a soccer ball will (as seen from the Earth frame) | Be motionless |
| an inertial reference frame is a reference frame in which () principle of inertia is valid | Galileo |
| what is the primary reference frame we use is () | earth |
| an IRF is anything moving at a () () relative to earth | constant velocity |
| anything () relative to earth is not an IRF | accelerating |
| the principle of relativity is a () principle | symmetry |
| While standing in a stationary elevator you drop your keys, and they take 0.45s to hit the floor. The elevator is now moving up toward the second floor at constant speed and you drop your keys again. How long do they take to hit the floor this time? | Still 0.45s |
| While standing in a stationary elevator you drop your keys, and they take 0.45s to hit the floor. The elevator is now moving up, speeding up at a constant rate, and you drop your keys again. How long do they take to hit the floor this time? | Less than 0.45s |
| a z-frame is an IRF in which the () of the system is zero | momentum |
| An () is something that happens somewhere/when | event |
| what two thing does relativity agree on? | time and acceleration |
| You toss a ball up and measure 3.0s to reach the peak of its highest point above you. A worker being lifted at 1.0m/s also measures time from when you throw the ball 'til it reaches the peak of highest point above him. The time measured by the worker is | less than 3.0 s |
| what represents the "average" position in a many particle system? | center of mass |
| Two 10 kg masses are placed on a wooden board, one at the left end and one at the right end. The center of mass of the system is | At the center of the board |
| A 10 kg mass is placed at the left end of a wooden board and a 20 kg mass on the right end. The center of mass of the system is | Closer to the right end of the board |
| All of the kinetic energy a system has when measured in the Z-frame is (): all of it can be () into internal energy within the system | convertible |
| What is non-convertible energy? | the cm velocity |
| 𝐾cm is the (non-convertible) () () energy, calculated from the total mass moving at the cm-velocity | Translational kinetic |
| The parameter 𝜇 is called the | reduced mass |
| An unfortunate mosquito suffers a totally inelastic collision with an airplane. How does the magnitude of the momentum change of the mosquito compare to that of the plane? | Mosquito’s is the same as the plane’s |
| what is the name of the mutual influences between two objects that produce changes in their states? | interactions |
| energy associated with the arrangement of the parts of a system is called? | potential energy |
| A deformed spring (whether stretched or compressed) stores what kind of potential energy? | elastic |
| An elevator can be raised (a)by a motor or (b a counterweight (same mass as the elevator) that moves down the distance the elevator moves up. If the elevator moves up one floor, for which setup is the change in total gravitational potential energy least? | b |
| A box slides along the floor and eventually comes to rest because of friction. Where did the kinetic energy of the box go? | It is still in the box-floor system but in the form of thermal energy |
| what is the transformation of coherent mechanical energy into incoherent forms of energy? | dissipation |
| what is coherent mechanical energy made up of? | kinetic and potential |
| what are incoherent forms of energy? | heat, anything that isn't mechanical, chemical |
| The atoms of air in this room are like balls bouncing around in a box. Why, unlike the balls in the box, do we never find the air settled on the floor? | Collisions between molecules are elastic. Atomic interactions conserve kinetic energy. There is no “internal structure” to dissipate energy. |
| gravitational interaction is () range, based on (), holds galaxies together | long, mass |
| electromagnetic interaction is () range, based on () charge, mediated by the (), holds atoms together | long, electric, photon |
| strong nuclear interaction () range, based on () charge, mediated by (), holds nuclei together | short, color, gluons |
| weak nuclear interaction () range, based on () charge, responsible for some forms of radioactivity | short, weak |
| Which of the following is a manifestation of the electromagnetic interaction in chemistry? | all interactions and bonds |
| a () deformation is associated with a potential energy that should depend on the relative positions of the objects in the system | coherent |
| a point of min potential energy is a () () | stable equilibrium |
| When bonded together the potential energy of NaCl is − 589 kcal/mol. This means that | 589 kcal/mol must be supplied to break the bonds |
| Suppose that zero for gravitational potential energy is at ground level. Then for positions below ground level the gravitational potential energy is | negative |
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