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chemistry unit 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the name given to the electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an atom? | valence electrons |
| The octet rule states that, in chemical compounds, atoms tend to have ____. | the electron configuration of a noble gas |
| horizontal row in the periodic table | period |
| vertical column in the periodic table | group |
| A repetition of properties occurs when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number | periodic law |
| type of element that is a good conductor of heat and electric current | metal |
| type of element characterized by the presence of electrons in the d orbital | transition metal |
| one-half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms when the atoms are joined | atomic radius |
| type of ion formed by Group 2A elements | cation |
| subatomic particles that are transferred to form positive and negative ions | electrons |
| ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound | electronegativity |
| energy required to remove an electron from an atom | ionization energy |
| Each period in the periodic table corresponds to ____. | a principal energy level |
| The modern periodic table is arranged in order of increasing atomic ____. | number |
| Which of the following electron configurations is most likely to result in an element that is relatively inactive? | a filled highest occupied principal energy level |
| How does atomic radius change from top to bottom in a group in the periodic table? | tends to increase |
| How does atomic radius change from left to right across a period in the periodic table? | tends to decrease |
| Which of the following factors contributes to the increase in atomic size within a group in the periodic table as the atomic number increases? | more shielding of the electrons by the highest occupied energy level and more energy levels |
| What is the charge of a cation? | postitive charge |
| Why is the second ionization energy greater than the first ionization energy? | It is more difficult to remove a second electron from an atom. |
| How does electronegativity increase? | Electronegativity generally increases from left to right across a period. |
| region of high probability of finding an electron` | atomic orbital |
| states the impossibility of knowing both velocity and position of a moving particle at the same time | Heisenberg uncertainty principle |
| lowest energy level | ground state |
| tendency of electrons to enter orbitals of lowest energy first | aufbau principle |
| arrangement of electrons around atomic nucleus | electron configuration |
| each orbital has at most two electrons | Pauli exclusion principleThis answer is correct. |
| discrete bundle of electromagnetic energy | photon |
| energy needed to move an electron from one energy level to another | quantum |
| number of wave cycles passing a point per unit of time | frequency |
| distance between wave crests | wavelength |
| separation of light into different wavelengths | spectrum |
| frequencies of light emitted by an element | atomic emission spectrum |
| In Bohr's model of the atom, where are the electrons and protons located? | The electrons move around the protons, which are at the center of the atom. |
| Which color of visible light has the shortest wavelength? | violet |
| How are the frequency and wavelength of light related? | inversely proportional to each other |
| Emission of light from an atom occurs when an electron ____. | drops from a higher to lower energy level |
| As changes in energy levels of electrons increase, the frequencies of atomic line spectra they emit ____. | increase |
| Which variable is directly proportional to frequency? | energy |
| What are quanta of light called? | photon |
| the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element | atom |
| a positively charged subatomic particle | proton |
| a negatively charged subatomic particle | electron |
| a subatomic particle with no charge | neutron |
| the central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons | nucleus |
| atoms with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom | isotope |
| the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom | mass number |
| the number of protons in the nucleus of an element | atomic number |
| the weighted average of the masses of the isotopes of an element | average atomic mass |
| The particles that are found in the nucleus of an atom are ____. | protons and neutrons |
| As a consequence of the discovery of the nucleus by Rutherford, which model of the atom is thought to be true? | Electrons are distributed around the nucleus and occupy almost all the volume of the atom. |
| Isotopes of the same element have different ____. | numbers of neutrons |
| Which of the following statements about subatomic particles is correct? | mass of a proton equals mass of a neutron |
| What is the chief characteristic of noble gases? | low reactivity |
| the elements that border the zig-zag line on the periodic table are called: | Metalloids |
| which has the most protons? | cations (have more protons than electrons due to having lost one or more electrons) |
| second most? | atoms |
| third most? | anions (have more electrons than protons due to having gained one or more electrons) |
| shorter wavelength = | higher frequency |
| what visbile light has the highest wavelength? | reds |
| how do you become an ion? | an element must lose or gain an electron |
Created by:
saronn