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pid philosophes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| madame geoffrin | people gathered at her salon to discuss ideas of the enlightenment because they couldn't do it freely outside |
| rene descartes | 'father of modern rationalism': reason is the chief source of knowledge - deductive reasoning and analytical geometry |
| thomas hobbes | - believed that in order to avoid chaos, social contract.: giving up their freedom to a government that will ensure order - believed that absolute monarch was needed to preserve order in society - wrote Leviathan 1651 |
| social contract | the theory that humans leave natural (free and ungoverned) condition in favor of a society that provides order, structure, and protection |
| john locke | - believed in natural rights (rights that belonged to all humans from birth): Life - Liberty - Property - wrote two treatises of Government - argued people formed governments to protect their natural rights - government existed to protect rights |
| baron de montesquieu | - believed best way to protect liberty was to divide power between legis., exec., and jud. (separation of powers) - checks and balances - best form of gov't was elected by the people - establish political science |
| voltaire | - supporter of freedom of speech, thought, and religion - believed governments should ensure personal freedoms-battled corruption, injustice, and inequality - believed in separation of church and state |
| francis marie arouet | - used wit as a weapon to expose the abuses of french monarchy, the nobility, and church - wrote candide- analyzes the problems of evil and woes created the name of religion |
| censorship | government and church authorities felt duty to defend the old order restricting access to ideas and information |
| denis diderot | - edited the Encyclopedia - purpose was to change the general way of thinking -helped spread Enlightenment ideas |
| jean-jacques rousseau | - believed that people are naturally good, but society changed that - believed society placed too many limitations on people's behavior, but some are necessary - champion of democracy - did not like strong gov't oppression (dictators,...etc.) |
| mary wollstonecraft | - amazing woman who stood up for women's rights - argued that women should have the same rights as men - governments to extend political rights to women - enjoy educational freedoms |
| cesare beccaria | stood up against cruel and unusual punishments - capital punishment - he believed the crime should equal the punishment |
| adam smith | - believed if people were free to pursue their economic self-interest, society would benefit -developed laissez-faire, the gov't shouldn't interfere with natural economic processes by imposing regulations(hands off) -free trade and capitalism |
Created by:
mhi