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human anatomy

Brain and Cranial nerves

QuestionAnswer
What does the brain do? It Contains around 97% of the bodies neurons, Each of the 6 major brain regions has a specific function, Conscious thought and intelligence
(The brain) What Are the 6 regions of the brain? Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Diencephalon, Midbrain, Pons, Medulla oblongata
(The brain) What is the largest part of the brain? The Cerebrum
(The brain) What is the 2nd largest part of the brain? The Cerebellum
(The brain) What is all attached to the Spinal Cord? The Diencephalon, Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata
(Cerebrum) What are the 2 parts the cerebrum is divided into? Gray and White Matter
(Cerebrum) What is Gray matter found in? The Cerebral cortex, Insula, and Basal nuclei
(Cerebrum) What does the cerebrum cortex contain? 75% of all neurons,
(Cerebrum) Unmyelinated structures? Cell bodies and dendrites
(Cerebrum) Why is Gray matter gray? Unmyelinated
(Cerebrum) Where is white matter found? Deep to cortex
(Cerebrum) What does white matter contain? Myelinated axons
(Cerebrum) What makes white matter white? Myelinated
(Cerebrum) Is the Cerebrum the largest part of the brain? Yes
(Cerebrum) What does the Cerebrum do? Controls conscious, thoughts and processes somatic sensory and motor information.
(Cerebrum) What is the Corpus callosum? (c shaped) White matter that connects Cerebral hemispheres
(Cerebrum) What is Gyrus or Gyri? Convolutions or bumps.
(Cerebrum) What is Sulcus or Sulci? Grooves, or depressions
(Cerebrum) What is Longitudinal fissure? Separates hemispheres
(Cerebrum) What is Transverse fissure? Separates Cerebrum from Cerebellum
(Cerebrum) Where is the Cerebrum located? On the frontal lobe
(Cerebrum) What are the Lobes of the cerebrum? Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal
(Cerebrum) What is the Frontal lobe? Skeletal muscle Motor commands, Intellect: thinking, decisions, plans
(Cerebrum) What is the Parietal lobe? Processes Sensory information
(Cerebrum) What is the Occipital lobe? Processing of visual stimuli (80-85% of what we see)
(Cerebrum) What is the Temporal lobe? Processing of auditory and olfactory stimuli
(Cerebrum) What is the Central sulcus? Separates motor and sensory areas
(Cerebrum) The Primary motor cortex? (red) PRECENTRAL GYRUS of frontal lobe, Directs voluntary movements.
(Cerebrum) The Primary Sensory Cortex? (blue) POSTCENTRAL GYRUS of the parietal lobe, Receives sensory information (touch, pressure, pain, vibration, taste, and temperature)
The Ventricles of the brain is filled with what? CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) that drain the central canal of the spinal cord.
The Ventricles of the brain consist of? 4 chambers lined with ependymal cells
The Ventricles assist in? Producing, monitoring, and circulating CSF
(Meninges) What's the Dura master? (Tough mother) outer layer
(Meninges) What is the Periosteal ? Layer -against cranial vault. (Cavity Parietal)
(Meninges) What is the Meningeal? Layer - Contours brain. (organ Visural)
(Meninges) What is the Spinal? Epidural space- common to administer anesthesia
(Meninges) What is Arachnoid Mater? Spider-like Mater
(Meninges) What is Subarachnoid Space? Between arachnoid and pia mater contains cerebrospinal fluid (has CSF)
(Meninges) What is Pia Mater? Little Mother inner, very thin. (can't separate the brain)
What is the Diencephalon shape? Seahorse, doesn't require conscious thought.
(Diencephalon) What are the regions of the Diencephalon? Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Pineal Gland.
(Diencephalon) The Thalamus? Processes and routes sensory information (the other 15%)
(Diencephalon) The Hypothalamus? Control of ANS (Anomatic nerve) Regulates emotions and behaviors, Produces hormones, Eating & drinking centers, Controls thermoregulation
(Diencephalon) What are the ANS? Heart Rate, Respiratory rate, blood pressure, digestive functions
(Diencephalon) The Pineal gland? Secrets hormone melatonin. (circadian rhythm)
(pons) The Pons? Regulates rate and depth of breathing.
(pons) What is Pneumotaxic Centers? Prevents over-inflation of the lungs
(pons) What is Apneustic Center? Produces long, deep breaths.
(pons) The Pons is the primary what? Primary communication link between the cerebellum and spinal cord/ cerebrum
(medulla oblongata) What are the Functions of the medulla oblongata? Tracts between brain and spinal cord
(medulla oblongata) What are the Vital Centers? (there is 3) (life&death) Cardiac center, Vasomotor center, Respiratory Center.
(medulla oblongata) What is the Cardiac center? Controls the heart rate and strength of the cardiac contractions
(medulla oblongata) What is the Vasomotor center? Controls vasodilation and vasoconstriction
(medulla oblongata) What is the Respiratory centers? Regulates breathing
(medulla oblongata) What are Non-vital centers? (not life&death) Coughing, sneezing, swallowing, vomiting.
(Cerebellum) What is the Cerebellum ? (motor skills) PROPRIOCEPTION, Sense of body position, Coordination of skeletal muscle movement, Balance & Equilibrium, Motor learning.
(Cerebellum) What is the vermis? Connects hemispheres
(Cerebellum) What is cerebellar cortex? Grey mater (external)
(Cerebellum) What is Arbor vitae? (Opposite to the spinal cord) White mater (tree of life) (internal)
(Cranial Nerve) What are the Classifications of the cranial nerves? Sensory nerves, Motor nerves, Mixed Nerves.
(Cranial Nerve) Sensory nerve? Contain sensory neurons (collect)
(Cranial Nerve) Motor nerves? Contains Motor neurons (Action)
(Cranial Nerve) Mixed Nerves? Contains both sensory and motor neurons.
(Cranial Nerve) What does Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Very Groovy Vagie At Home? (12 Cranial Nerves) Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Accessory, Hypoglossal
(Cranial Nerve) Olfactory Nerve (I) ? Sensory, Sense of smell.
(Cranial Nerve) Optic Nerve (II) ? Sensory, Sense of vision (Will not move the eye)
(Cranial Nerve) Oculomotor Nerve (III) ? Primary Motor, Adjust lighting entering eye, focus lens, raises eyelid, moves the eyes, Proprioreceptors
(Cranial Nerve) Trochlear Nerve (IV) ? Primary Motor, Muscles that move the eyes (Superior Oblique) Proprioreceptors
(Cranial Nerve) (3) Trigeminal Nerve (V) ? Mixed, Opthalmic division, Maxillary Division, Mandibular Division.
(Cranial Nerve) Opthalmic Division? Sensory from eyes, tear glands, scalp, forehead, and upper eyelids.
(Cranial Nerve) Maxillary Division? Sensory from upper teeth, gums, lip, and palate, plus skin of face.
(Cranial Nerve) Mandibular Division? Snesory from scalp, skin of jaw, lower teeth, gum, lip, motor to muscles of mastication=chew, and muscles in floor of mouth.
(Cranial Nerve) Abducens nerve (VI) ? Primary motor, Motor impulses to muscles that the move the eye (Lateral rectus) Proprioreceptors
(Cranial Nerve) Facial Nerves (VII) ? Mixed, sensory for taste (anterior 2/3 of the tongue sweet, sour, salty) Motor to muscles of facial expressions, tear glands and salivary glands
(Cranial Nerve) Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII) ? Sensory, Vestibular branch (balance sensory for equilibrium) Cochlear Branch (Hearing sensory for hearing)
(Cranial Nerve) Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX) ? Mixed, sensory from pharynx, tonsils, and posterior 1/3 tongue= bitter, BARORECEPTORS of carotid arteries=neck, CHEMORECEPTORS for pH, O2, and CO2, Motor to salivary glands and muscles of pharynx
(Cranial Nerve) Vagus Nerve (X) ? Mixed, Somatic motor to muscles of speech and swallowing, autonomic motor to viscera of thorax and abdomen, sensory from pharynx, larynx, esophagus, and viscera of thorax and abdomen, Stretch and chemoreceptors of aorta.
(Cranial Nerve) Accessory Nerve (XI) ? (2) Primary Motor, Cranial Branch, Spinal Branch
(Cranial Nerve) The cranial Branch? Motor to the muscles of soft palate, pharynx and larynx
(Cranial Nerve) The Spinal Branch? Motor muscles of neck, and back (trapezius and sternocleidomastoid) : some proprioreceptors
(Cranial Nerve) Hypoglossal Nerve (XII) ? Primary Motor, Motor to muscles of the tongue, Proprioreception
Created by: hw0993422
 

 



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