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Unit 4 Chapter 14
The Brain and Cranial Nerves
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which is the definition of the term "rostral"? | Toward the nose; toward the forehead; or higher (vertical) |
| The outer layer of the cerebrum _________, called the cerebral , is formed by gray matter. | Cortex |
| Which embryonic structure develops first? Neural fold Neural tube Neural plate Neural groove | Neural plate |
| Which term refers to the connective tissue membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord? | Meninges |
| What are ventricles of the brain? | Internal chambers |
| The term that means "toward the tail" is which of the following? Proximal Caudal Rostral | Caudal |
| Choose all of the following that make up the brain barrier system (BBS). | Blood-brain barrier Blood-CSF barrier |
| The gray matter of the cerebrum forms which of the following? Corpus callosum Arachnoid mater Fiber tracts Cortex | Cortex |
| Within the first three weeks of embryonic development, the neural plate sinks and its edges thicken to form which of the following? Brainstem Neural tube Cerebellum Neural groove | Neural groove |
| The medulla oblongata develops from which of the following? Myelencephalon Metencephalon Diencephalon Telencephalon | Myelencephalon |
| List the meningeal layers from most superficial (top) to deep (bottom). | 1. Dura mater 2. Arachnoid mater 3. Pia mater |
| The metencephalon gives rise to which structure? | Pons |
| How many ventricles are located in the brain? | Four The brain has four fluid filled ventricles: two lateral ventricles, and the third and fourth ventricle. |
| The superior colliculi control which of the following? Extrinsic muscles of the tongue Intrinsic muscles of the eye Intrinsic muscles of the tongue Extrinsic muscles of the eye | Extrinsic muscles of the eye |
| What is the function of the brain barrier system? | To regulate passage of materials from the blood into the brain |
| Which about reticular formation is true? cluster of nuclei located deep within cerebral hemispheres. It consists of 4 bulges on the posterior aspect of the midbrain. It is a loose web of gray matter that runs through multiple levels of the brainstem. | It is a loose web of gray matter that runs through multiple levels of the brainstem. |
| The second largest part of the brain is which of the following? | Cerebellum |
| The adult structure that the myelencephalon becomes is the medulla _________. | Oblongata |
| Choose all the embryonic brain regions that develop into the forebrain. Myelencephalon Metencephalon Telencephalon Diencephalon | Telencephalon Diencephalon |
| The pons develops from an embryonic secondary brain vesicle called the ________. | Metencephalon |
| Nearly all information going to what structure passes through the thalamus? | Cerebrum |
| Which midbrain structures mediate visual reflexes? | Superior colliculi |
| Where is the reticular formation located? | Brainstem and spinal cord |
| Large, C-shaped structure that contains most of the commissural tracts of the brain? | Corpus callosum |
| Which connects cerebellar hemispheres? | Vermis |
| A brain wave is a measure of the _________ activity in the cells of the brain. | Electrical |
| The forebrain includes what structures? | Cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus |
| Choose all statements about that sleep are true. | It is characterized by inhibition of muscular activity. It is characterized by a stereotyped posture. It occurs in circadian rhythms. |
| Which structure is sometimes called the "gateway to the cerebral cortex?" | Thalamus |
| The group of mental processes by which we acquire and use knowledge is called ________. | Cognition |
| Amnesia refers to defects in which of the following? Implicit memories Explicit memories Sleep | Explicit memories |
| Which of the following is where a person decides the appropriate ways to show feelings? Primary somatosensory cortex Primary motor cortex Prefrontal cortex Gustatory cortex | Prefrontal cortex |
| True or False: A brain wave is the electrical activity that results from voltage changes in the cells of the brain. | True |
| Where are the sensory receptors for equilibrium located? | Inner ear |
| Which term refers to a temporary state of unconsciousness from which one can awaken when stimulated? | Sleep |
| Which term refers to the range of mental processes by which knowledge is acquired and used? | Cognition |
| Which term refers to the general inability to describe past events? | Amnesia |
| Which area of the brain that is responsible for interpreting the meaning of written and spoken language? | Wernicke area |
| True or False: The midbrain and the cerebellum interact to control emotional feelings and memories. | False The prefrontal cortex and the diencephalon interact to control emotional feelings and memories. |
| Which cerebral hemisphere is usually specialized for spoken and written language and for the analytical reasoning used in math? | Left |
| Choose all of the following in which equilibrium involves. | Body movements Orientation in space |
| Which arise from the base of the brain, exit the cranium through its foramina, and lead to muscles and sense organs in the head and neck? | Cranial nerves |
| The primary motor cortex is located in the precentral gyrus of the ______ lobe. | frontal |
| Motor fibers of cranial nerves leads to which of the following? | Muscles and glands |
| What is the function of the Wernicke area? | Interpreting written and spoken language |
| II cranial nerve: | Optic |
| IX cranial nerve: | Glossopharyngeal |
| XII cranial nerve: | Hypoglossal |
| IV cranial nerve: | Trochlear |
| Which term refers to the differences in function between the right and left sides of the cerebrum? | Hemispheric lateralization |
| Damage to the olfactory nerve can cause which of the following? Aphasia Blindness Anosmia | Anosmia olfactory-smell Anosmia-the loss of the sense of smell |
| Which term refers to the sense of balance? | Equilibrium |
| Most motor fibers of cranial nerves begin in which of the following? | Brainstem nuclei |
| X cranial nerve: | Vagus |
| The nerves that pass through the cribriform plate in the roof of the nasal cavity functioning in the sense of smell are the ________ nerves. | Olfactory |
| Which arise from the base of the brain, exit the cranium through its foramina, and lead to muscles and sense organs in the head and neck? | Cranial nerves |
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