Question 1

What is(are) the fundamental physiological properties that enable nerve cells to communicate with other cells?

Accepted Answer

The ability to:
 respond to environmental changes, 
produce electrical signals that are quickly conducted to other cells at distant locations, 
secrete a chemical that will stimulate the next cell when an electrical signal reaches the end of an axon

Question 2

Interneurons are contained entirely within the _______ and carry signals from one neuron to another.

Accepted Answer

CNS

Question 3

Is this true or false about myelin:
It is best not to give children under two years of age a low-fat diet because myelin formation requires lipids.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 4

The resting membrane potential is negative due to:

Accepted Answer

There are more negatively charged particles on the inside of the membrane than on the outside.

Question 5

What is the most important mechanism for transmitting qualitative information?

Accepted Answer

The labeled line code

Question 6

When can a damaged peripheral axon regenerate?

Accepted Answer

When its cell body is intact and at least some neurolemma remains

Question 7

An action potential arriving at the presynaptic terminal causes what to occur?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated calcium ion channels open, and calcium ions diffuse into the cell.

Question 8

What happens as a result of ion flow at a presynaptic terminal?

Accepted Answer

Synaptic vesicles migrate to the plasma membrane and release acetylcholine.

Question 9

Acetylcholine has which effect on the postsynaptic neuron?

Accepted Answer

Ligand-gated sodium ion channels open, and sodium diffuses in.

Question 10

Resting membrane potential: 
The exterior of the cell has a net ________charge, and the interior has a net _______ charge.

Accepted Answer

positive. negative

Question 11

During depolarization, which of the following  about voltage-gated ion channels is true?

K+ gates open before  Na+ gates.
Na+ gates open before  K+  gates.
Na+  and  K+ gates open at the same time.
K+ gates open while  Na+gates remain closed.

Accepted Answer

Na+ gates open before  K+  gates.

Question 12

Why does depolarization occur?

Accepted Answer

More  Na+  diffuse into the cell than  K+
  diffuse out of it.

Question 13

The primary neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction is _________.

Accepted Answer

acetylcholine

Question 14

Arrange in the order in which they occur at the postsynaptic side of a neuromuscular junction:
1. An action potential is propagated over the muscle cell membrane.
2. Depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane
3. Sodium ions move into muscle cell.

Accepted Answer

3, 2, 1

Question 15

Why does depolarization occur?

Accepted Answer

More sodium ions diffuse into the cell than potassium ions diffuse out of it.

Question 16

Why does repolarization occur?

Accepted Answer

Potassium ions continue to diffuse out of the cell after the inactivation gates of the voltage-gated sodium ion channels begin to close.

Question 17

Why does hyperpolarization occur?

Accepted Answer

The increased potassium ion permeability lasts slightly longer than the time required to bring the membrane potential back to its resting level.

Question 18

At resting membrane potential, which of the following statements about the voltage-gated sodium ion channels is true?

Accepted Answer

Activation gates are closed, and inactivation gates are open.

Question 19

Which of the following is true of interneurons?

Accepted Answer

They are contained entirely within the CNS and carry signals from one neuron to another.

Question 20

Choose the incorrect statement regarding how the nervous system coordinates homeostasis in the body.

Accepted Answer

The spinal cord and brain process information without regard to past experiences, and determine what response, if any, is appropriate to the circumstances.

Unit 4 Chapter 12

Assignment

Question	Answer
What is(are) the fundamental physiological properties that enable nerve cells to communicate with other cells?	The ability to: respond to environmental changes, produce electrical signals that are quickly conducted to other cells at distant locations, secrete a chemical that will stimulate the next cell when an electrical signal reaches the end of an axon
Interneurons are contained entirely within the _______ and carry signals from one neuron to another.	CNS
Is this true or false about myelin: It is best not to give children under two years of age a low-fat diet because myelin formation requires lipids.	True
The resting membrane potential is negative due to:	There are more negatively charged particles on the inside of the membrane than on the outside.
What is the most important mechanism for transmitting qualitative information?	The labeled line code
When can a damaged peripheral axon regenerate?	When its cell body is intact and at least some neurolemma remains
An action potential arriving at the presynaptic terminal causes what to occur?	Voltage-gated calcium ion channels open, and calcium ions diffuse into the cell.
What happens as a result of ion flow at a presynaptic terminal?	Synaptic vesicles migrate to the plasma membrane and release acetylcholine.
Acetylcholine has which effect on the postsynaptic neuron?	Ligand-gated sodium ion channels open, and sodium diffuses in.
Resting membrane potential: The exterior of the cell has a net ________charge, and the interior has a net _______ charge.	positive. negative
During depolarization, which of the following about voltage-gated ion channels is true? K+ gates open before Na+ gates. Na+ gates open before K+ gates. Na+ and K+ gates open at the same time. K+ gates open while Na+gates remain closed.	Na+ gates open before K+ gates.
Why does depolarization occur?	More Na+ diffuse into the cell than K+ diffuse out of it.
The primary neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction is _________.	acetylcholine
Arrange in the order in which they occur at the postsynaptic side of a neuromuscular junction: 1. An action potential is propagated over the muscle cell membrane. 2. Depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane 3. Sodium ions move into muscle cell.	3, 2, 1
Why does depolarization occur?	More sodium ions diffuse into the cell than potassium ions diffuse out of it.
Why does repolarization occur?	Potassium ions continue to diffuse out of the cell after the inactivation gates of the voltage-gated sodium ion channels begin to close.
Why does hyperpolarization occur?	The increased potassium ion permeability lasts slightly longer than the time required to bring the membrane potential back to its resting level.
At resting membrane potential, which of the following statements about the voltage-gated sodium ion channels is true?	Activation gates are closed, and inactivation gates are open.
Which of the following is true of interneurons?	They are contained entirely within the CNS and carry signals from one neuron to another.
Choose the incorrect statement regarding how the nervous system coordinates homeostasis in the body.	The spinal cord and brain process information without regard to past experiences, and determine what response, if any, is appropriate to the circumstances.

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