Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Nutrition Exam III
Chapters 8 and 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pellagra | Niacin deficiency disease. Remember the 4 Ds of pellagra: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death |
| Beriberi | Thiamin deficiency disease. Characterized by weakness and poor muscular coordination. Also, negatively affects the functioning of the cardiovascular, digestive, and nervous system. |
| Scurvy | Vitamin C-deficiency disease. First signs: fatigue, pinpoint hemorrhages under the skin |
| Rickets | Vitamin D deficiency disorder in children. Soft bones that can become misshapen. |
| Precursor | stem cells that have developed to the stage where they are committed to forming a particular type of new blood cell |
| Osteomalacia | Adult rickets; condition characterized by poorly mineralized (soft) bones |
| Osteoporosis | Chronic disease characterized by loss of bone mass and reduced bone structure |
| Free Radicals | an atom or molecule containing one or more unpaired valency electrons |
| Antioxidants | substance that gives up electrons to radicals to protect cells |
| Carotenoids | yellow-orange pigments in fruits and vegetables |
| When consumed in adequate amounts before and early in pregnancy, folate may prevent cases of ____________________ | Spina Bifida and Anencephaly |
| The FDA has mandated that folic acid be added to ______________ | enriched cereal grain products |
| Strict vegetarians are at risk of developing a vitamin B 12 deficiency because _________________ | B12 in food is bound to protein |
| B vitamins share a role as ______________ in energy production | coenzymes |
| List the main functions and best food sources of the water-soluble vitamins | Water Soluble - B Vitamins & C (Fruits, Vegetables, Dairy, Grains, Protein) - Energy Metabolism - Amino Acid Metabolism - Antioxidant Defense |
| List the food group that provides the most vitamin C for the diet | Fruits and vegetables |
| List the vitamin deficiency associated with night blindness | Vitamin A |
| Give a statement that best describes the main functions of B vitamins | Most function as components of specific coenzymes (small molecules that regulate chemical reactions by interacting with enzymes. |
| Explain how vitamin A toxicity is most likely to occur | Megadoses of vitamin A supplements |
| explain how excess water soluble vitamins are typically removed from the body | Excreted in urine |
| explain what happens to excess fat soluble vitamins | stored and body fat - may become toxic |
| Explain the best wat to make sure a person is getting close to the RDA for all vitamins | eat a varied diet containing veggies, fruits, beans, whole grains, nuts, proteins, dairy and leafy greens |
| Explain the recommendation to help minimize the loss of vitamins that can occur as a result of improper food handling | - avoid wilted or bruised produce - cook in small amounts of water - use quick cooking methods like microwaving or steaming - avoid over-cooking |
| Osteoclast | bone cells that tear down bone tissue |
| Osteoblast | bone cells that add bone to where the tissue is needed |
| Hypertension | chronic condition characterized by persistently elevated blood pressure |
| DASH | Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension. (diet is low in sodium, total fat, saturated fat, and high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat dairy products) |
| Organic | Organic compounds are derived from or produced by living organisms and have carbon-hydrogen covalent bonds |
| Inorganic | Inorganic compounds are derived from nonliving components, and generally have ionic bonds, lack carbon-hydrogen bonds, and rarely, if ever, contain any carbon atoms |
| Anemia | Lack of hemoglobin in red blood cells; poor oxygen transport |
| Goiter | an enlarged thyroid gland - associated with iodine deficiency |
| Electrolytes | ions that conduct electricity, such as sodium and potassium ions |
| Diuretic | substance that increases urine production |
| Sodium, potassium, chloride and phosphorus play a major role in _______________ | the distribution of water inside and outside body cells |
| The DASH eating pattern is high in _______ but low in _________ | Fruits and vegetables; fat and sodium |
| Selenium is required for the production of the active form of ___________ and also functions as a(n) ______________ | thyroid hormone; electrolyte |
| The body easily absorbs the zinc that is in ____________ | protein (red meat, fish, poultry) |
| Iron deficiency is the ________________ deficiency worldwide | most common |
| List the nutrient that works closely with insulin to help the cells take up glucose | chromium |
| List the item that contributes most of the sodium in the typical US diet | restaurant and processed food |
| List the mineral that is critical to the synthesis of thyroid hormones | iodine |
| List the risk factors associated with osteoporosis | gender (more common in women), age (increased risk with age), ethnicity (Caucasian and Asian more prone), family history |
| list what a fluoride deficiency can cause | tooth and bone weakness |
| List what an iron deficiency can cause | anemia - fatigue; weakness; pale skin; dizziness |
| List what a zinc deficiency can cause | skin conditions in children, and delayed sexual maturation and growth retardation |
| List when peak bone mass occurs | between 25 and 30 |
| List good food sources of copper | shell fish, whole grains, beans, nuts, potatoes, organ meats |
| List the percentage of muscle that is composed of water | 76% |
| Explain what nutrient is most needed in the body and why | water |
| List and briefly explain the risk factors linked with hypertension | - old age - obesity - sedentary life style - obesity - high sodium and alcohol intake |
| Explain how weight-bearing exercises effect bone loss | Activities that put stress on bones stimulate extra deposits of calcium and nudge bone-forming cells into action |
| Explain trace and major minerals in terms of the amounts needed in the diet | Trace < 100mg/day Major > 100mg/day |
| Explain how the amount of a trace mineral in a plant food can be influenced | cooking time |
| Complete the charts posted in Canvas on the Functions, Food Sources Deficiencies and Toxicities of all minerals (Major and Trace) | |
| List the main functions and best food sources of the fat-soluble vitamins | Fat Soluble - A, D, E, & K (Oils, Dairy, Vegetables, Fruits, Protein, Grains) - Bone Health - Blood Clotting - Growth & Development - Immune Function |
Created by:
erynmany