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AP vocab list 2
grammar and usage
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| active voice | the verb of the action being performed by the subject (ex. Shakespeare WROTE the book) |
| passive voice | the subject of the sentence receives the action of the verb (ex. The book WAS WRITTEN by Shakespeare) |
| adjective | a word used to describe (cute, big, etc) |
| adverb | words used to modify verbs, adjectives, etc (ex. clumsily, stupidly, etc) |
| antecedent | a word, phrase, or clause that renames a nearby noun/pronoun (ex. Mark doesn't like books, he only watches movies --> "Mark" is the antecedent for "he") |
| appositive | a word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun (ex. The computer, A GIFT FROM BRADEN, doesn't work) |
| subordinating conjunction | introduces a dependent clause and shows the relationship between the independent and dependent clauses (ex. although, whenever, etc) |
| coordinating conjunction | is used to join individual words, phrases, and independent clauses (ex. FANBOYS) |
| connector | a word or punctuation that joins two phrases together |
| ellipsis | the omission of words implied by three dots (...) |
| modifier | a word, phrase, or clause that describes another word, phrase, or clause |
| nominalization | turning a verb into an adjective/noun (ex. generalize, generalization) |
| noun | a person, place, thing, or idea |
| object | a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase that receives an action (ex. Trevor wore the JERSEY) |
| predicate | the part of a sentence/clause that modifies the verb (ex. Arianna fell GRACEFULLY) |
| preposition | a word/phrase placed typically before a noun that describes the relation of a verb to a noun --> preposition (in, on, around, etc ) + object + modifier (ex. The knife on the large table) |
| pronoun | word that replaces a noun (it, he, she, etc) |
| referent | something referred to; the object of a reference (ex. My cat POOKIE BEAR, A TABBY CAT, loves food) |
| subject | who/what the subject is about, can include modifiers (ex. MY NEW PJS are so comfy) |
| transitive (action verb) | a verb or verb construction that requires an object --> hit, smash, destroy, etc (ex. The girls FOUND a squirrel) |
| intransitive (linking) verb | a verb that indicates a complete action without a direct object --> lie, am, sit, etc (ex. The girls LAUGHED a lot) |
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