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Psychology - 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ________ encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory. Priming Cognition Personality Conceptualization | Cognition |
| Knowing what a rainbow looks like because you have seen a rainbow is an example of a(n) ________ concept. natural modular artificial prototypical | Natural |
| Knowing what a dinosaur is because you looked through a book with pictures of dinosaurs and watched the film Jurassic Park is natural concept that was developed through ________ experience. theoretical practical indirect direct | Indirect |
| Samara meets a nurse. She immediately assumes he is able to help care for sick people, works long hours, and dispenses advice about illness because her ________ schema suggests that nurses behave this way. event role script artificial | Role |
| Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for? representative bias anchoring bias functional fixedness hindsight bias | Functional fixedness |
| What is the confirmation bias? believing the event you just experienced was predictable focusing only on one piece of information stereotyping someone/thing unintentionally focusing on information that confirms your existing beliefs | Focusing on information that confirms your existing beliefs |
| Niaz’s car breaks down, and he is convinced that it was a predictable event even though there was no way of knowing it would happen. This exemplifies ________. representational bias hindsight bias availability heuristic anchoring bias | Hindsight Bias |
| analytical intelligence component of triarchic theory of intelligence is demonstrated by provide correct/established answers to problem analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast think outside the box to arrive at novel solutions | analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast |
| Kai cuts her foot while hiking. She forgot to pack bandages, but has superglue and uses that to seal the wound. Her ability to invent a solution uses _ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence creative crystallized fluid analytic | Creative |
| Approximately 68% of people have an IQ score between _____ and _____. | 85 : 115 |
| Ben is asked to memorize the words canine, feline, and avian. He remembers the words by associating them with their synonyms: dog, cat, and bird. This is an example of ________ encoding. semantic visual sensory acoustic | Semantic |
| Terrance finds it difficult to learn the alphabet, until he hears the alphabet song. Then he can easily remember it. This is an example of ________ encoding. visual acoustic sensory semantic | Acoustic |
| The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as ________. storage retrieval hyperthymesia encoding | Retrieval |
| You see a television commercial for a product you may want to buy, and there is a telephone number you must call to place an order, you don’t write down the number, you repeat it to yourself until you wont forget it chunking encoding rehearsal | Rehearsal |
| Explicit v. Implicit memories | Explicit memories are memories we consciously try to remember and recall, while implicit memories are those that are not part of our consciousness. |
| What is an engram?! | a group of neurons that serves as physical representation of a memory |
| Which part of the brain is most involved in creating implicit memories? hippocampus prefrontal cortex cerebellum amygdala | Cerebellum |
| Ebbinghaus found that about one day after you learn new material, you will only remember ____ percent of it if you have not reviewed it a second time. 90 50 70 30 | 30% |
| Katya studies Spanish, then switches to Pashto. When asked to remember Spanish vocabulary she can’t; instead she can only remember Pashto vocabulary. This is an example of ________ interference. retrograde anterograde proactive retroactive | Retroactive |
| Give an example of a mnemonic device | using the acronym “HOMES” to remember the names of the five Great Lakes |
| Jeff crams for all of his exams. In scientific terms, Jeff's approach to memorization is __ spaced practice distribution practice massed practice delayed practice overlearning | Massed practice |
| Flashbulb memories are most likely to be associated with ... misinformation effects recovered memories of early childhood abuse emotionally charged experiences near-death experiences situations that are similar to the situation of the memory | Emotionally charged experiences |
| Magic 7 refers to what duration of sensory memory capacity of short-term memory capacity of sensory memory number of systems in the leading model of short-term memory | Capacity of short-term memory |
| A memory storage system that contains memory of impressions for a very brief time (few seconds or less) is .. short-term memory sensory memory limited memory temporary memory echoic memory | Sensory memory |
| The idea that memory gradually disintegrated over time is the basis of decay theory interference theory the semantic network model retrieval theory constructionist theory | Decay Theory |
| In Garcia's research on taste aversions, what was the neutral stimulus? radiation taste of water nausea electric shocks tatste of the food | Taste of the water |
| Which of the following is demonstrating extinction of an operant response? Rob, who receives praise everytime he puts a book away Harriet, who stops raising her hand when the professor fails to call on her Mason, leaves 2 days early to avoid traffic | Harriet, who stops raising her hand when the professor fails to call on her |
| To achieve classical conditioning you should pair a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus a neutral stimulus with a conditioned response a conditioned stimulus with a conditioned resp. | A neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus |
| Learning is which a previously neutral stimulus becomes capable of triggering a reflexive response is calles operant conditioning instrumental conditioning classical conditioning spontaneous recovery stimulus-response learning | Classical conditioning |
| Stimulus generalization occurs when the condition resp. reappears after extinction the condition resp. is not displayed following pres. of the condition stim the conditioned response is displayed after exposure to stimuli that resembes con stim | The conditioned response is displayed after exposure to stimuli that resembles conditioned stimulus |
| Ivan Pavolo's initial research work was in the study of learning by association with rabbits latent learning with rats observational learning with children digestive processes in dogs conditioning of pigeons | Digestive processes in dogs |
| A child receives a dime for, on average, every 5 weeds he pulls from the yard. This is an example of a schedule of reinforcement. fixed ratio variable ratio fixed interval variable interval continuous reinforcement | Variable Ratio |
| Following __, a conditioned response may reappear. This process is known as __. generalization, spontaneous recovery discrimination, extinction extinction, spontaneous recovery discrimination, spontaneous recovery generalization, extinction | Extinction, Spontaneous Recovery |
| Which of the following is an example of a reflex? the pupil of your eye in the presence of light addressing as “sir” or “ma’am” because that is how you were raised jumping for joy when your favorite team wins deciding that you want to be a parent | The pupil of your eye in the presence of light |
| In Pavlov’s classical conditioning, the term conditioned is approximately synonymous with the word ________. learned instinctive reflexive reactive | Learned |
| Stanley was diagnosed with lymphoma and had to undergo several months of chemotherapy. Unintentionally came to associate that nausea with his favorite grilled cheese sandwich. His nauseous reaction to a grilled cheese sandwich is the ____. | Conditioned Response |
| You begin to salivate when you smell your favorite cake in the oven, but not when you smell a dirty diaper. This is an example of __. stimulus discrimination stimulus generalization operant conditioning higher-order conditioning | Stimulus Discrimination |
| What did John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrate with their studies of Little Albert? emotion can be a conditioned response fear cannot be a conditioned response boys display more fear than girls | Emotion can be a conditioned response |
| Which two concepts can be thought of as opposite processes within the classical conditioning model? acquisition and extinction punishment and reinforcement continuous reinforcement and partial reinforcement | Acquisition and Extinction |
| Dave’s boss told him that he doesn’t have to attend the company picnic (no one likes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. He is using ____. negative reinforcement negative punishment positive punishment positive reinforcement | Negative Reinforcement |
| Jemma wants to teach her son to say thank you. Every time he says thank you, Jemma praises him and gives him a hug. Which reinforcement schedule is this? continuous partial primary secondary | Continuous |
| Gambling at a slot machine is an example of which reinforcement schedule? variable ratio fixed ratio variable interval fixed interval | Variable Ratio |
| Which of the following is an example of vicarious reinforcement? | Babs saw Martin receive a candy bar for completing his reading. She completes her reading because she saw Martin get a reward. |
| Age-specific approximations of when a certain skill or ability should first occur in normal development are called developmental ________. markers milestones boundaries norms | Milestones |
| According to ________, lifespan development encompasses eight stages and at each stage we encounter a psychosocial crisis that must be resolved. Jean Piaget Lawrence Kohlberg Erik Erikson Abraham Maslow | Erik Erikson |
| Between birth and one year, infants are dependent on their caregivers & help their baby to develop a sense of the world as a safe place. What is the primary developmental task of this stage? | trust v. mistrust |
| After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. What is the primary developmental task of this stage? initiative v. guilt integrity v. despair identity v. guilt | integrity v. despair |
| 18-month-old learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, “Look, apples!” He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This is __. accommodation seriation assimilation reversibility | Accomidation |
| During Jean Piaget’s ________ stage, the world is experienced through what we can take in through our perceptual systems and how we can move our bodies. preoperational sensorimotor concrete operational formal operational | Sensorimotor |
| A seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and she wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but she is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there.This_ egocentrism stranger anxiety object permanence reversibility | Object Permanence |
| Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon are all examples of ________ motor skills. gross fine manipulative native | Fine |
| Jules is participating in the Strange Situation experiment. When his mother returns, he freezes, and then behaves erratically. In fact, he runs away from his mother. What kind of attachment is this? avoidant disorganized secure resistent | Disorganized |
| Victoria has learned that she has cancer and has a month to live. She goes to church and prays that she will “change” and will become a model Christian if God will just heal her illness. Victoria is_ depression anger bargaining denial | Bargaining |
| Protective environment inside the mother's uterus is called the __, and nutrients and waste materials are exchanged between the mother and embryo vis the __. amniotic sac; placenta placenta; amniotic sac placenta; neural tube | amniotic sac; placenta |
| When 2 week old Carson's father strokes the babys left cheek, Carson turns his head to the left. This response is called the ___ reflex. eyeblink moro rooting babinski | Rooting |
| Children who react negatively to change and are generally irritable are classified as having what kind of temperament? resistant insecure avoidant difficult sloww-to-warm-up | Difficult |
| In Piaget's terminology, changing existing schemas to incorporate new information is called reversibility assimilation accommodation conservation schematication | accommodation |
Created by:
pulverm